Marianne Thoresen

• Thoresen, Marianne; Dingley, John; Okano, Satomi; Lee-Kelland, Richard; Chakkarapani, Ela & Scull-Brown, Emma (2020). Closed circuit xenon delivery for 72h in neonatal piglets following hypoxic insult using an ambient pressure automated control system: Development, technical evaluation and pulmonary effects. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203. . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224447 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Chakkarapani, Ela & Thoresen, Marianne (2019). Brain and whole body cooling, In  MacDonald's Atlas of Procedures in Neonatology.  Lamy, Wolters Kluwer.  ISBN 9781496394255.  Chapter 45.
• Frikstad, Kari-Anne; Molinari, Elisa; Thoresen, Marianne; Ramsbottom, Simon A; Hughes, Frances; Letteboer, Stef J.F.; Gilani, Sania; Schink, Kay Oliver; Stokke, Trond; Geimer, Stefan; Pedersen, Lotte B; Giles, Rachel H; Akhmanova, Anna; Roepman, Ronald; Sayer, John A & Patzke, Sebastian (2019). A CEP104-CSPP1 Complex Is Required for Formation of Primary Cilia Competent in Hedgehog Signaling. Cell reports.  ISSN 2211-1247.  28(7), s 1907- 1922.e6 . doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.025
• Gunn, Alistair J & Thoresen, Marianne (2019). Neonatal encephalopathy and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.. Handbook of Clinical Neurology.  ISSN 0072-9752.  162, s 217- 237 . doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64029-1.00010-2
• Jary, Sally; Lee-Kelland, Richard; Tonks, James; Cowan, Frances Mary; Thoresen, Marianne & Chakkarapani, Elavazhagan (2019). Motor performance and cognitive correlates in children cooled for neonatal encephalopathy without cerebral palsy at school age. Acta Paediatrica.  ISSN 0803-5253. . doi: 10.1111/apa.14780
• Lee-Kelland, Richard; Jary, Sally; Tonks, James; Cowan, Frances Mary; Thoresen, Marianne & Chakkarapani, Ela (2019). School-age outcomes of children without cerebral palsy cooled for neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in 2008-2010. Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition.  ISSN 1359-2998. . doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2018-316509
• Tonks, James; Cloke, Grace; Lee-Kelland, Richard; Jary, Sally; Thoresen, Marianne; Cowan, Frances & Chakkarapani, Ela (2019). Attention and visuo-spatial function in children without cerebral palsy who were cooled for neonatal encephalopathy: a case-control study. Journal of Building Performance Simulation.  ISSN 1940-1493.  33(7), s 894- 898 . doi: 10.1080/02699052.2019.1597163 Vis sammendrag

  Attention and visuo-spatial function in children without cerebral palsy who were cooled for neonatal encephalopathy: a case-Control study

• Walløe, Lars; Hjort, Nils Lid & Thoresen, Marianne (2019). Start cooling as soon as possible. Acta Paediatrica.  ISSN 0803-5253.  108(4), s 771- 771 . doi: 10.1111/apa.14710
• Walløe, Lars; Hjort, Nils Lid & Thoresen, Marianne (2019). Why results from Bayesian Statistical analyses of clinical trials with a strong prior and small sample sixes may be misleading. Acta Paediatrica.  ISSN 0803-5253.  (108), s 1190- 1191 . doi: 10.111/apa.14800 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Wassink, Guido; Davidson, Joanne O.; Dhillon, Simerdeep K.; Zhou, Kelly; Bennet, Laura; Thoresen, Marianne & Gunn, Alistair J. (2019). Therapeutic hypothermia in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports.  ISSN 1528-4042.  19:2(2), s 1- 10 . doi: 10.1007/s11910-019-0916-0
• El-Dib, Mohamed; Terrie, E; Inder, Terrie E; Chalak, Lina F; Massaro, An N; Thoresen, Marianne & Gunn, Alistair J (2018). Should therapeutic hypothermia be offered to babies With mild neonatal encephalopathy in the first 6 hours after birth?. Pediatric Research.  ISSN 0031-3998. . doi: 10.1038/s41390-019-0291-1 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Therapeutic hypothermia for mild NE

• Falck, Mari; Osredkar, Damjan; Maes, Elke; Flatebø, Torun; Wood, Thomas Ragnar; Walløe, Lars; Sabir, Hemmen & Thoresen, Marianne (2018). Hypothermia is neuroprotective after severe hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury in neonatal rats pre-exposed to PAM3CSK4. Developmental Neuroscience.  ISSN 0378-5866.  40(3), s 189- 197 . doi: 10.1159/000487798 Vis sammendrag

  BACKGROUND: Preclinical research on the neuroprotective effect of hypothermia (HT) after perinatal asphyxia has shown variable results, depending on comorbidities and insult severity. Exposure to inflammation increases vulnerability of the neonatal brain to hypoxic-ischaemic (HI) injury, and could be one explanation for those neonates whose injury is unexpectedly severe. Gram-negative type inflammatory exposure by lipopolysaccharide administration prior to a mild HI insult results in moderate brain injury, and hypothermic neuroprotection is negated. However, the neuroprotective effect of HT is fully maintained after gram-positive type inflammatory exposure by PAM3CSK4 (PAM) pre-administration in the same HI model. Whether HT is neuroprotective in severe brain injury with gram-positive inflammatory pre-exposure has not been investigated. METHODS: 59 seven-day-old rat pups were subjected to a unilateral HI insult, with left carotid artery ligation followed by 90-min hypoxia (8% O2 at Trectal 36°C). An additional 196 pups received intraperitoneal 0.9% saline (control) or PAM1 mg/kg, 8 h before undergoing the same HI insult. After randomisation to 5 h normothermia (NT37°C) or HT32°C, pups survived 1 week before they were sacrificed by perfusion fixation. Brains were harvested for hemispheric and hippocampal area loss analyses at postnatal day 14, as well as immunostaining for neuron count in the HIP CA1 region. RESULTS: Normothermic PAM animals (PAM-NT) had a comparable median area loss (hemispheric: 60% [95% CI 33-66]; hippocampal: 61% [95% CI 29-67]) to vehicle animals (Veh-NT) (hemispheric: 58% [95% CI 11-64]; hippocampal: 60% [95% CI 19-68]), which is defined as severe brain injury. Furthermore, mortality was low and similar in the two groups (Veh-NT 4.5% vs. PAM-NT 6.6%). HT reduced hemispheric and hippocampal injury in the Veh group by 13 and 28%, respectively (hemispheric: p = 0.048; hippocampal: p = 0.042). HT also provided neuroprotection in the PAM group, reducing hemispheric injury by 22% (p = 0.03) and hippocampal injury by 37% (p = 0.027). CONCLUSION: In these experiments with severe brain injury, Toll-like receptor-2 triggering prior to HI injury does not have an additive injurious effect, and there is a small but significant neuroprotective effect of HT. HT appears to be neuroprotective over a continuum of injury severity in this model, and the effect size tapers off with increasing area loss. Our results indicate that gram-positive inflammatory exposure prior to HI injury does not negate the neuroprotective effect of HT in severe brain injury.

• Falck, Mari; Osredkar, Damjan; Wood, Thomas Ragnar; Maes, Elke; Flatebø, Torun; Sabir, Hemmen & Thoresen, Marianne (2018). Neonatal Systemic Inflammation Induces Inflammatory Reactions and Brain Apoptosis in a Pathogen-Specific Manner.. Neonatology.  ISSN 1661-7800.  113(3), s 212- 220 . doi: 10.1159/000481980
• Sabir, Hemmen; Dingley, John; Scull-Brown, Emma; Chakkarapani, Ela & Thoresen, Marianne (2018). Fentanyl induces cerebellar internal granular cell layer apoptosis in healthy newborn pigs. Frontiers in Neurology.  ISSN 1664-2295.  9(MAY) . doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00294 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Walløe, Lars; Hjort, Nils Lid & Thoresen, Marianne (2018). Major concerns about late hypothermia study. Acta Paediatrica.  ISSN 0803-5253. . doi: 10.1111/apa.14640 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Falck, Mari; Osredkar, Damjan; Maes, Elke; Flatebø, Torun; Wood, Thomas Ragnar; Sabir, Hemmen & Thoresen, Marianne (2017). Hypothermic neuronal rescue from infection-sensitised hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury is pathogen dependent. Developmental Neuroscience.  ISSN 0378-5866.  39(1-4), s 238- 247 . doi: 10.1159/000455838
• Liu, Xun; Jary, Sally; Cowan, Frances & Thoresen, Marianne (2017). Reduced infancy and childhood epilepsy following hypothermia-treated neonatal encephalopathy. Epilepsia.  ISSN 0013-9580.  58(11), s 1902- 1911 . doi: 10.1111/epi.13914
• Skranes, Janne Helen; Løhaugen, Gro; Schumacher, Eva Margrethe; Osredkar, Damjan; Server, Andrés; Cowan, Frances Mary; Stiris, Tom; Fugelseth, Drude & Thoresen, Marianne (2017). Amplitude-Integrated Electroencephalography Improves the Identification of Infants with Encephalopathy for Therapeutic Hypothermia and Predicts Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 2 Years of Age. Journal of Pediatrics.  ISSN 0022-3476.  187, s 34- 42 . doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.04.041
• Tann, Cally J.; Martinello, KA; Sadoo, S; Lawn, JN; Seale, AC; Vega-Poblete, M; Russell, NJ; Baker, CJ; Bartlett, L; Cutland, C; Gravett, MG; Ip, M; Le Doare, K; Mahdi, SA; Rubens, CE; Saha, SK; Schraq, S; Sobanjo-Ter Meulen, A; Vekemans, J; Heath, PT; GBS Neotatal Encephalopathy, Investigator Group & Thoresen, Marianne (2017). Neonatal encephalopathy With goup B streptpococcal disease worldwide: Systematic review, investigator Group datasets and Meta-analysis. Clinical Infectious Diseases.  ISSN 1058-4838.  s 173- 189 . doi: 10.1093/cid/cix662
• Thoresen, Marianne; Gunn, A J; Robertson, Nicola J; Laptook, Abbot R; Barks, J D; Wassink, Guido & Bennet, Laura (2017). Therapeutic hypothermia translates from ancient history in to practice. Pediatric Research.  ISSN 0031-3998.  81(1-2), s 202- 209 . doi: 10.1038/pr.2016.198
• Wood, Thomas Ragnar; Hobbs, C; Brun, AC; Falck, Mari; Løberg, Else Marit & Thoresen, Marianne (2017). Rectal temperature in the first five hours after hypoxia-ischaemia critically affetcs neuropathological outcomes in neonatale rats. Pediatric Research.  ISSN 0031-3998. . doi: 10.1038/pr.2017.51
• Elstad, Maja; Liu, Xun & Thoresen, Marianne (2016). Heart rate response to therapeutic hypothermia in infants with hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy. Resuscitation.  ISSN 0300-9572.  106, s 53- 57 . doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.06.023
• Hemmen, Sabir; Wood, Thomas Ragnar; Gill, Hannah; Liu, Xun; Dingley, John & Thoresen, Marianne (2016). Xenon depresses aEEG background voltage activity whilst maintaining cardiovascular stability in sedated healthy newborn pigs. Journal of the Neurological Sciences.  ISSN 0022-510X.  363, s 140- 144 . doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.02.051 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Kochanek, P; Kitagawa, RS; Batchelor, P & Thoresen, Marianne (2016). Central Nervous System Injury and Temperature Management. Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management.  ISSN 2153-7658.  6(3), s 112- 115 . doi: 10.1089/ther.2016.29014.pjk
• Sabir, Hemmen; Osredkar, Damjan; Maes, Elke; Wood, Thomas Ragnar & Thoresen, Marianne (2016). Xenon combined with therapeutic hypothermia is not neuroprotective after severe hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  11(6) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156759
• Wood, Thomas Ragnar; Osredkar, Damjan; Puchades, Maja Amedjkouh; Maes, Elke; Falck, Mari; Flatebø, Torun; Walløe, Lars; Sabir, Hemmen & Thoresen, Marianne (2016). Treatment temperature and insult severity influence the neuroprotective effects of therapeutic hypothermia. Scientific Reports.  ISSN 2045-2322.  6 . doi: 10.1038/srep23430 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Wood, Thomas Ragnar; Smit, Elisa; Maes, Elke; Osredkar, Damjan; Falck, Mari; Elstad, Maja & Thoresen, Marianne (2016). Monitoring of cerebral blood flow during hypoxia-ischemia and resuscitation in the neonatal rat using laser speckle imaging. Physiological Reports.  ISSN 2051-817X.  4(7), s 1- 14 . doi: 10.14814/phy2.12749 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Aquilina, Kristian & Thoresen, Marianne (2015). A newborn piglet survival model of post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation, In Jerome Y. Yager (ed.),  Animal Models of Neurodevelopmental Disorders.  Humana Press.  ISBN 978-1-4939-2708-1.  [Foreløpig ukjent].
• Chakkarapani, Elavazhagan & Thoresen, Marianne (2015). The Newborn Pig Global Hypoxic-Ischemic Model of Perinatal Brain and Organ Injury, In Jerome Y. Yager (ed.),  Animal Models of Neurodevelopmental Disorders.  Humana Press.  ISBN 978-1-4939-2708-1.  [Foreløpig ukjent].
• Dingley, John; Liu, Xun; Gill, Hannah; Smit, Elisa; Sabir, Hemmen; Tooley, James; Chakkarapani, Ela; Windsor, David & Thoresen, Marianne (2015). The feasibility of using a portable xenon delivery device to permit earlier xenon ventilation with therapeutic cooling of neonates during ambulance retrieval. Anesthesia and Analgesia.  ISSN 0003-2999.  120(6), s 1331- 1336 . doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000693
• Gunn, Alistair J & Thoresen, Marianne (2015). Animal studies of neonatal hypothermic neuroprotection have translated well in to practice. Resuscitation.  ISSN 0300-9572.  97, s 88- 90 . doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.03.026
• Hoque, Nicholas; Liu, Xun; Chakkarapani, Elavazhagan & Thoresen, Marianne (2015). Minimal systemic hypothermia combined with selective head cooling evaluated in a pig model of hypoxia-ischemia. Pediatric Research.  ISSN 0031-3998.  77(5), s 674- 680 . doi: 10.1038/pr.2015.31
• Jary, Sally; Smit, Elisa; Liu, Xun; Cowan, Frances & Thoresen, Marianne (2015). Less severe cerebral palsy outcomes in infants treated with therapeutic hypothermia. Acta Paediatrica.  ISSN 0803-5253.  104(12), s 1241- 1247 . doi: 10.1111/apa.13146
• Liu, Xun; Dingley, John; Scull-Brown, Emma & Thoresen, Marianne (2015). Adding 5 hours delayed xenon to delayed hypothermia treatment improves long term function in neonatal rats surviving to adulthood. Pediatric Research.  ISSN 0031-3998.  77, s 779- 783 . doi: 10.1038/pr.2015.49
• Osredkar, Damjan; Sabir, Hemmen; Falck, Mari; Wood, Thomas Ragnar; Maes, Elke; Flatebø, Torun; Puchades, Maja Amedjkouh & Thoresen, Marianne (2015). Hypothermia Does Not Reverse Cellular Responses Caused by Lipopolysaccharide in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischaemic Brain Injury. Developmental Neuroscience.  ISSN 0378-5866.  37(4-5), s 390- 397 . doi: 10.1159/000430860
• Skranes, Janne Helen; Cowan, Frances; Stiris, Tom; Fugelseth, Drude; Thoresen, Marianne & SERVER, ANDRES (2015). Brain imaging in cooled encephalopathic neonates does not differ between four and 11 days after birth. Acta Paediatrica.  ISSN 0803-5253.  104(8), s 752- 758 . doi: 10.1111/apa.13016
• Smit, Elisa; Liu, Xun; Gill, Hannah; Jary, Sally; Wood, Thomas Ragnar & Thoresen, Marianne (2015). The effect of resuscitation in 100% oxygen on brain injury in a newborn rat model of severe hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Resuscitation.  ISSN 0300-9572.  96, s 214- 219 . doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.050
• Smit, Elisa; Liu, Xun; Jary, Sally; Cowan, Frances & Thoresen, Marianne (2015). Cooling neonates who do not fulfil the standard cooling criteria - short and long term outcomes. Acta Paediatrica.  ISSN 0803-5253.  104(2), s 138- 145 . doi: 10.1111/apa.12784
• Thoresen, Marianne (2015). Who should we cool after perinatal asphyxia?. Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine.  ISSN 1744-165X.  20(2), s 66- 71 . doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2015.01.002
• Thoresen, Marianne & Sabir, Hemmen (2015). Epilepsy: Neonatal seizures still lack safe and effective treatment. Nature Reviews Neurology.  ISSN 1759-4758.  11(6), s 311- 312 . doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2015.74
• Whitelaw, Andrew; Osredkar, Damjan & Thoresen, Marianne (2015). Neurological & Neuromuscular Disorders, In Mhairi G. MacDonald & Mary M. K. Seshia (ed.),  Avery's Neonatology: Pathophysiology and Management of the Newborn (Seventh Edition).  Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.  ISBN 9781451192681.  46.  s 994 - 1016
• Wood, Thomas Ragnar & Thoresen, Marianne (2015). Physiological responses to hypothermia. Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine.  ISSN 1744-165X.  20(2), s 87- 96 . doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2014.10.005
• Osredkar, Damjan; Thoresen, Marianne; Maes, Elke; Flatebø, Torun; Elstad, Maja & Sabir, Hemmen (2014). Hypothermia is not neuroprotective after infection-sensitized neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Resuscitation.  ISSN 0300-9572.  85(4), s 567- 572 . doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.12.006
• Azzopardi, D.; Strohm, B; Marlow, N; Brocklehurst, P; Halliday, H; Juszczak, E; Kapellou, O; Levene, Malcolm; Thoresen, Marianne; Tusor, N; Whitelaw, A & Edwards, D (2014). Effects of hypothermia for perinatal asphyxia on childhood outcomes – The TOBY Children Study. New England Journal of Medicine.  ISSN 0028-4793. . doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1315788
• Chakkarapani, Ela; Davis, Jonathan & Thoresen, Marianne (2014). Therapeutic hypothermia delays the C-reactive protein response and suppresses white blood cell and platelet count in infants with neonatal encephalopathy. Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition.  ISSN 1359-2998.  99(6), s F458- F463 . doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2013-305763
• Curtis, DJ; Thoresen, Marianne & Case, CP (2014). Secretions from placenta, after hypoxia/reoxygenation, can damage developing neurones of brain under experimental conditions. Experimental Neurology.  ISSN 0014-4886. . doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.05.003
• Dingley, John; Tooley, James; Liu, Xun; Scull-Brown, Emma; Elstad, Maja; Chakkarapani, Elavazhagan; Sabir, Hemmen & Thoresen, Marianne (2014). Xenon Ventilation During Therapeutic Hypothermia in Neonatal Encephalopathy: A Feasibility Study. Pediatrics.  ISSN 0031-4005.  133(5), s 809- 818 . doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-0787
• Elstad, Maja; Walløe, Lars; Holme, Nathalie; Maes, Elke & Thoresen, Marianne (2014). Respiratory sinus arrhythmia stabilizes mean arterial blood pressure at high-frequency interval in healthy humans. European Journal of Applied Physiology.  ISSN 1439-6319.  115(3), s 521- 530 . doi: 10.1007/s00421-014-3042-3
• Gill, Hannah; Thoresen, Marianne; Bishop, Sarah; Smit, Elisa; Liu, Xun; Walløe, Lars & Dingley, John (2014). Equipotent subanesthetic concentrations of sevoflurane and xenon preventing cold-stimulated vocalization of neonatal rats. Anesthesiology.  ISSN 0003-3022.  121(6), s 1194- 1202 . doi: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000423
• Hannah, Gill; Thoresen, Marianne; Smit, Elisa; Davis, Jonathan; Liu, Xun; Dingley, John & Elstad, Maja (2014). Sedation management during therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy: Atropine premedication for endotracheal intubation causes a prolonged increase in heart rate. Resuscitation.  ISSN 0300-9572.  85(10), s 1394- 1398 . doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.07.002
• Hoque, Nicholas; Sabir, Hemmen; Maes, Elke; Bishop, Sarah & Thoresen, Marianne (2014). Validation of a neuropathology score using quantitative methods to evaluate brain injury in a pig model of hypoxia ischaemia. Journal of Neuroscience Methods.  ISSN 0165-0270.  230, s 30- 36 . doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.04.005

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Thoresen, Marianne & Chakkarapani, Ela (2020). Association between neonatal neuroimaging, 18month cognitive and school-age full-scale IQ scores in children without cerebral palsy, cooled for neonatal encephalopathy.
• Thoresen, Marianne; Wood, TR; Gundersen, J; Falck, Mari; Maes, Elke; Osredkar, Damjan; Løberg, Else Marit; Sabir, Hemmen & Walløe, Lars (2020). Variability and sex-dependence of hypothermic neuroprotection in a rat model of neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury: a single laboratory meta-analysis.
• Hollung, Sandra Julsen & Thoresen, Marianne (2018, 13. juni). Forekomsten og alvorlighetsgraden av cerebral parese har gått ned. [TV].  NRK Dagsrevyen.
• Thoresen, Marianne (2018). Combining two good treatments makes it worse. (Commentary on Interaction between hypothermia and delayed mesenchymal stem cell therapy in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury). Brain, behavior, and immunity.  ISSN 0889-1591. . doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.04.008
• Thoresen, Marianne (2018). European Standards of Care for Newborn Health:Postnatal management of newborn infants with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). Issued by: European Foundation for the Care of Newborn Infants (EFCNI). November 2018.
• Thoresen, Marianne (2018). Hva oppnår vi ved nedkjøling av nyfødte med oksygenmangel.
• Thoresen, Marianne (2018). The past and future of Neonatal Neuroprotection.
• Thoresen, Marianne (2018, 11. juli). <li value="209"> Thoresen M. On BBC 11th July 2018: http://www.bristolhealthpartners.org.uk/blog/2018/06/26/i-pushed-all-i-could-out-came-a-baby-who-was-pale-limp-and-did-not-cry/1102. [TV].  BBC.
• Thoresen, Marianne; van Bel, Frank; Murray, D; Saliba, E; Buonocore, G; Hellstrøm-Westas, L & Zimmermann, L (2018). Postnatal management of newborn infants with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). Vis sammendrag

  The goal is to reduce long-term effects of hypoxic ischaemic brain injury. Moderate to severe perinatal asphyxia in term and near term infants is one of the most important causes of neonatal death and adverse motor and cognitive outcome, with an incidence of 2-20 per 1000 live born infants, depending in which part of the world they are born. (1) Until recently, therapy was limited to stabilisation of the newborn infant and treatment of hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) induced seizures. Reduction of the body temperature to 33.5°C is the only established therapy which has shown a decrease in adverse outcomes after perinatal asphyxia (death or substantial disability at 18 months of age) from about 66% for non-cooled infants to 50% in cooled infants. (2,3) Intensive research is ongoing to explore (pharmacological) neuroprotective interventions which could be used in addition to hypothermia to improve outcome. (4–7)

• Thoresen, Marianne (2017). Are small brains different from adults - why is therapeutic hypothermia so effective in newborns?.
• Thoresen, Marianne (2017). CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE AND SEIZURE FREQUENCY OF 78 HOURS XENON INHALATION WITH HYPOTHERMIA FOLLOWING GLOBAL HYPOXIC-ISCHAEMIA: FEASIBILITY.
• Thoresen, Marianne (2017). Entry criteria for Therapeutic are drifting - does it matter?.
• Thoresen, Marianne (2017). Epilepsy and the need for drug treatment in infancy and early school years after perinatal asphyxia and therapeutic hypothermia.
• Thoresen, Marianne (2017). Gases for the brain.
• Thoresen, Marianne (2017). Reduced sub-cortical grey matter volume is Associated With functional outcome at 6-8 years in children without cerebral palsy, who were cooled for neonatal encephalopathy.
• Thoresen, Marianne (2017). Selection Criteria for 3 days of Therapeutic Hypothermia (TH) treatment after newborn asphyxia is based on aEEG depression. At 2 years, only 2% of TH infants have seizures needing regular AED treatment in a large SWE cohort'.
• Thoresen, Marianne (2017). Tackling perinatal asphyxia. Does keeping the newborn brain cold after lack of oxygen always reduce brain injury?.
• Thoresen, Marianne (2017). Targeted Temperature management in the very young.
• Thoresen, Marianne & Falck, Mari (2017). Hypothermia plus human Umbilical-Cord Blood Cells is neuroprotective in a severe neonatal hypoxicischaemic brain injury model.
• Thoresen, Marianne; Falck, Mari & Maes, Elke (2017). Pathogen specific changes in core temperature and neuroinflammation in the neonatal rat.
• Chakkarapani, Ela & Thoresen, Marianne (2016). C-Reactive Protein Response in Infants Cooled for Neonatal Encephalopathy Is Delayed in Females More Than Males.
• Falck, Mari; Maes, Elke; Flatebo, Torun; Wood, Thomas Ragnar; Sabir, Hemmen; Osredkar, Damjan & Thoresen, Marianne (2016). Gram-positive Septicemia Sensitises The Neonatal Brain To Hypoxic-ischemic Injury, Without Inhibiting The Neuroprotective Effect Of Hypothermia.
• Lee-Kelland, Richard; Dingley, John; Okano, S; Scull-Brown, Emma; Thoresen, Marianne & Chakkarapani, Ela (2016). Xenon as Neuroprotection: A Demonstration of an Automated Delivery System.
• Smit, Elisa; Wood, Thomas Ragnar; Elstad, Maja; Liu, Xun & Thoresen, Marianne (2016). The effect of resuscitation in 100% Oxygen on cerebral blood flow and neuropathology in a newborn rat model of hypoxia-ischaemia.
• Steinsland, Tonje & Thoresen, Marianne (2016, 20. november). Vårt lille land : 'Cooling babies'. [TV].
• Thoresen, Marianne (2016). Cooling the right children with the optimal protocol using valid short and long term outcome examinations - are we getting any better?.
• Thoresen, Marianne (2016). Hypothermia and beyond. (Perinatal Asphyxia).
• Thoresen, Marianne (2016, 21. november). 'Lille Tobias var i ferd med å dø - da gjorde lege Marianne noe ingen hadde gjort før'. [TV].  http://www.tv2.no/a/8732302.
• Thoresen, Marianne (2016). Xenon and hypothermia in neonates.
• Thoresen, Marianne; Basu, S K; Kaiser, J R; Guffey, D; Minard, C G; Guillet, Ronnie & Gunn, A J (2016). Hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia are associated with unfavourable outcome in infants with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy: a post hoc analysis of the CoolCap Study. Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition.  ISSN 1359-2998.  s 149- 155 . doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-308733
• Thoresen, Marianne & Herefordshire & Worcester, BBC Radio (2016, 19. august). Interview following-up on progress of a baby who had been enrolled in a clinical trial. [Radio].
• Wood, Thomas Ragnar; Skranes, Janne Helen; Falck, Mari; Lohaugen, GC; Stiris, Tom; Loberg, EM; Fugelseth, Drude & Thoresen, Marianne (2016). Core Temperature After Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischaemia Predicts Long-term Cerebral Injury.
• Chakkarapani, Ela; Aquilina, Julian; Lee-Kelland, Richard; Jary, Sally; Liu, Xun & Thoresen, Marianne (2015). Morphine exposure and neurodevelopment outcome in cooled neonatal encephalopathy infants with mild cerebral dysfunction.
• Falck, Mari; Osredkar, Damjan; Maes, Elke; Wood, Thomas Ragnar; Puchades, Maja Amedjkouh; Sabir, Hemmen & Thoresen, Marianne (2015). Systemic Inflammation Negates Hypothermic Neuroprotection in a Neonatal HIE-model.
• Falck, Mari; Osredkar, Damjan & Thoresen, Marianne (2015). Hypothermia does not reverse cellular responses caused by lipopolysaccharide in neonatal hypoxic ischemic brain injury.
• Lee-Kelland, Richard; Chakkarapani, Ela; Jary, Sally; Liu, Xun & Thoresen, Marianne (2015). Temperature Instability Post Rewarming in Neonates Who Have Received Therapeutic Hypothermia.
• Sabir, Hemmen; Maes, Elke; Liu, Xun; Dingley, John & Thoresen, Marianne (2015). Fentanyl induces cerebellar internal granular cell layer apoptosis in healthy newborn pigs.
• Sabir, Hemmen; Osredkar, Damjan; Maes, Elke; Wood, Thomas Ragnar & Thoresen, Marianne (2015). Therapeutic Hypothermia Combined With Inhaled Xenon in Newborn Rats: the Ongoing Challenge following severe hypoxicischemic brain injury.
• Thoresen, Marianne (2015). Editorial: Cooling after perinatal asphyxia. Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine.  ISSN 1744-165X.  20(2) . doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2015.01.003
• Thoresen, Marianne (2015). Hypothermia after perinatal asphyxia; do we select and cool the right babies with the optimal cooling protocol and follow up agreements?.
• Thoresen, Marianne (2015). Optimal hypothermia treatment: an update from experimental and clinical research.
• Thoresen, Marianne (2015). Optimal resuscitation followed by optimal hypothermia with and without added xenon inhalation.
• Thoresen, Marianne (2015). Who should we cool, for how long and at what temperature?.
• Thoresen, Marianne; Chakkarapani, Ela; Walløe, Lars; Løberg, Else Marit; Maes, Elke; Liu, Xun & Osredkar, Damjan (2015). No cardiac protection from hypothermia or xenon inhalation after hypoxia-ischemia in newborn pigs.
• Wood, Thomas Ragnar; Osredkar, Damjan; Flatebø, Torun; Falck, Mari; Maes, Elke & Thoresen, Marianne (2015). Temperature Dependence Of Hypothermic Neuroprotection In A R Model Of Neonatal Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy.
• Wood, Thomas Ragnar; Osredkar, Damjan; Flatebø, Torun; Falck, Mari; Maes, Elke & Thoresen, Marianne (2015). Temperature Dependence Of Hypothermic Neuroprotection in a Rat Model of Neonatal Hypoxic Ischaemic Enchephopathy.
• Davis, Jonathan; Liu, Xun; Gill, Hannah; Smit, Elisa; Chakkarapani, Ela & Thoresen, Marianne (2014). Inclusion Benefit for Neonates in the Control Arm of a Randomized Controlled Trial of Xenon With Cooling.
• Gill, Hannah; Thoresen, Marianne; Smit, Elisa; Davis, Jonathan; Liu, Xun; Dingley, John & Elstad, Maja (2014). Is Atropine Before Intubation of Term Neonates Justified? An Observation from the CoolXe2 Trial.
• Jary, Sally; Liu, Xun & Thoresen, Marianne (2014). Severity of Cerebral Palsy Is Reduced in Cooled Infants.

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