Dagrun Kyte Gjøstein

• Helsingen, Lise Mørkved; Løberg, Magnus; Refsum, Erle; Gjøstein, Dagrun Kyte; Wieszczy, Paulina & Olsvik, Ørjan [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Covid-19 transmission in fitness centers in Norway - a randomized trial. BMC Public Health. 21, s. 1–9. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-12073-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Closed fitness centers during the Covid-19 pandemic may negatively impact health and wellbeing. We assessed whether training at fitness centers increases the risk of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection.<p> <p>Methods: In a two-group parallel randomized controlled trial, fitness center members aged 18 to 64 without Covid-19-relevant comorbidities, were randomized to access to training at a fitness center or no-access. Fitness centers applied physical distancing (1 m for floor exercise, 2 m for high-intensity classes) and enhanced hand and surface hygiene. Primary outcomes were SARS-CoV-2 RNA status by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after 14 days, hospital admission after 21 days. The secondary endpoint was SARS-CoV-2 antibody status after 1 month.<p> <p>Results: 3764 individuals were randomized; 1896 to the training arm and 1868 to the no-training arm. In the training arm, 81.8% trained at least once, and 38.5% trained ≥six times. Of 3016 individuals who returned the SARSCoV-2 RNA tests (80.5%), there was one positive test in the training arm, and none in the no-training arm (risk difference 0.053%; 95% CI − 0.050 to 0.156%; p = 0.32). Eleven individuals in the training arm (0.8% of tested) and 27 in the no-training arm (2.4% of tested) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (risk difference − 0.87%; 95%CI − 1.52% to − 0.23%; p = 0.001). No outpatient visits or hospital admissions due to Covid-19 occurred in either arm.<p> <p>Conclusion: Provided good hygiene and physical distancing measures and low population prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, there was no increased infection risk of SARS-CoV-2 in fitness centers in Oslo, Norway for individuals without Covid-19-relevant comorbidities.

• Helsingen, Lise M.; Refsum, Erle; Gjøstein, Dagrun Kyte; Løberg, Magnus; Bretthauer, Michael & Kalager, Mette [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic in Norway and Sweden – threats, trust, and impact on daily life: a comparative survey. BMC Public Health. 20:1597, s. 1–10. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09615-3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Norway and Sweden have similar populations and health care systems, but different reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic. Norway closed educational institutions, and banned sports and cultural activities; Sweden kept most institutions and training facilities open. We aimed to compare peoples’ attitudes towards authorities and control measures, and perceived impact of the pandemic and implemented control measures on life in Norway and Sweden. Methods Anonymous web-based surveys for individuals age 15 or older distributed through Facebook using the snowball method, in Norway and Sweden from mid-March to mid-April, 2020. The survey contained questions about perceived threat of the pandemic, views on infection control measures, and impact on daily life. We performed descriptive analyses of the responses and compared the two countries. Results 3508 individuals participated in the survey (Norway 3000; Sweden 508). 79% were women, the majority were 30–49 years (Norway 60%; Sweden 47%), and about 45% of the participants in both countries had more than 4 years of higher education. Participants had high trust in the health services, but differed in the degree of trust in their government (High trust in Norway 17%; Sweden 37%). More Norwegians than Swedes agreed that school closure was a good measure (Norway 66%; Sweden 18%), that countries with open schools were irresponsible (Norway 65%; Sweden 23%), and that the threat from repercussions of the mitigation measures were large or very large (Norway 71%; Sweden 56%). Both countries had a high compliance with infection preventive measures (> 98%). Many lived a more sedentary life (Norway 69%; Sweden 50%) and ate more (Norway 44%; Sweden 33%) during the pandemic. Conclusion Sweden had more trust in the authorities, while Norwegians reported a more negative lifestyle during the pandemic. The level of trust in the health care system and self-reported compliance with preventive measures was high in both countries despite the differences in infection control measures.

• Gjøstein, Dagrun Kyte; Huitfeldt, Anders; Løberg, Magnus; Adami, Hans Olov; Garborg, Kjetil Kjeldstad & Kalager, Mette [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Incentiver og deltagelse i en medisinsk spørreundersøkelse. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 136(12-13), s. 1082–1087. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.15.1096. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Gjøstein, Dagrun Kyte (2014). A Veiled Change Agent: The ‘Accredited Social Health Activist’ in Rural Rajasthan. I Nielsen, Kenneth Bo & Waldrop, Anne (Red.), Women, Gender and Everyday Social Transformation in India. Anthem Press. ISSN 9781783082698. s. 139–156. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Bardalen, Ingunn; Bratrud, Tom; Christensen, Elise; Gjøstein, Dagrun Kyte; Knutsen, Lene Vea & Resset, Heidi [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2011). Betwixt & Between 2011. Universitetet i Oslo. ISBN 9788290835373. 153 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Gjøstein, Dagrun Kyte (2017). Governing health and welfare of Norwegian women through mammography screening: May rights to health care go hand in hand with duties of health care? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Norway has had a public breast cancer-screening program since 2004. Biannually a personal invitation letter stating a prescheduled time and place for a mammography is sent to all women age 50-69. This “nudging” maximizes program attendance. Three out of four women participate. It is a popular and recognized program, valued as a social good by many women. The program reaches out to women in every corner of the country; custom-built buses providing mammography-screening cover rural communities. Within the Nordic welfare states, health rights and health duties may not be in opposition – but reciprocally related. Mau (2004) argues people’s support for the welfare state is based on a “moral economy” grounded on shared moral assumptions about social exchange. I draw on an ethnographic study from Norwegian screening units; interviews with eligible women; and debates about efficiency, benefits and harms of mammography screening in Norway. As one woman said: “It’s wise to get this checked out. After all it’s a service that almost greets you at your front door”. She had skipped her appointment when the bus visited her community two years ago. “I had a bad conscious when I did not attend. Because, if it had then turned out I had needed to be here, then that would have been a terrible feeling, wouldn’t it?” Could this bad conscious illustrate some invisible liabilities of mammography screening health policies – which through body politics and public discourses is blurring the boarder between a right to health care and a duty of health care?

• Gjøstein, Dagrun Kyte (2017). Styring av kvinners helse og velferd via buss: ”man har jo tilbud som kommer heime i fjøsdøra nesten”. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Når eit screeningprogram vert innført i ein befolkning er det ikkje gitt at folket omfavner den nye praksisen myndighetene inviterer til. Ei heller korleis undersøkinga, eller dei medisinske, ideologiske og politiske agendaene bak programmet vert forstått og forma gjennom ‘ontological politics’. Masseundersøkingar av kvinner for brystkreft under mammografiprogrammet har helde på i Noreg dei siste 20 åra. Det nasjonale mammografiprosjektet kan ein forstå som eit politisk og ideologisk velferdsprosjekt med mål å famne om kvinner i alderen 50-69 for å leite etter brystkreft, og redusere brystkreftdød. Programmet har hatt ein eventyrleg suksess: programmet yter stor respekt og er populært, 3 av 4 kvinner møter opp kvart andre år for å legge brystene mellom to glasplater og få dei gjennomlyst med røntgenstråler. Det er ei universell teneste som forsøkjer å nå alle kvinner i landet – i bygder som har lang reiseveg til mammografisenter får dei besøk av 4 mammografibussar som er på hjul året rundt, og kjem ”nesten i fjøsdøra”. Bygda har større oppslutning om programmet (75-90%), enn hovudstaden (62%. Måten kvinnene snakkar om mammografiscreening tyder på at deltakinga er fletta inn i diskursar som eg argumenterer tidvis kan handle mindre om helse – enn om å vidareføre det nordiske velferdsstatsprosjektet, og norsk distriktspolitikk. Ei kvinne (53 år) fortalte om deltakinga i programmet ”Jeg er vel en type som ‘supert da er jeg inne i det programmet’, så bare går jeg (…) da vet vi at vi får igjen noe for skattepengene våre”, og la til «Hurra for AS Norge og AS Norge sitt helsevesen!». Dette bidraget baserer seg på ein etnografisk studie med observasjon ved screeningsentre i byar og screeningbuss i rurale Norge og intervju med 50 mammografiscreeningdeltakarar, samt lesing av offentlige dokument screeningdebattar i media og medisinske tidsskrifter.

• Gjøstein, Dagrun Kyte (2016). Hvilke tiltak kan fungere for å øke deltakelse i spørreskjemaundersøkelser? - Erfaringer fra en studie med økonomiske insentiv og telefonpurring. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fugelsnes, Elin; Gjøstein, Dagrun Kyte & Bretthauer, Michael (2016). Lot seg ikke friste av gaver og gevinster. [Journal]. Forskningsetikk. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Gjøstein, Dagrun Kyte (2016). Women´s experiences with regular breast cancer screening in Norway. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Gjøstein, Dagrun Kyte; Bretthauer, Michael & Løberg, Magnus (2016). D.K. Gjøstein og medarbeidere svarer:. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 136(16), s. 1326–1327. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.16.0690. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fugelsnes, Elin; Gjøstein, Dagrun Kyte & Bretthauer, Michael (2016). Lot seg ikke friste av gaver og gevinster. [Internet]. forskning.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Gjøstein, Dagrun Kyte (2016). Norwegian Women's Experience with Breast Cancer Screening. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Gjøstein, Dagrun Kyte (2015). Kvinner, bryst og kreft. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Gjøstein, Dagrun Kyte (2012). Blurred boundaries between public and private roles? On the continued significance of caste in contemporary village-life. Fokus India Blog. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Gjøstein, Dagrun Kyte (2012). Female Community Health Workers in Rural Rajasthan: Negotiating Women’s Changing Kinship and Gender Roles? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Gjøstein, Dagrun Kyte (2011). The role of female lay health workers in maternal and child health work in rural Rajasthan, India. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Gjøstein, Dagrun Kyte (2012). Negotiating conflicting roles: Female community health workers in rural Rajasthan : - a perspective on the Indian ASHA-programme. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The "ASHA", a female community health worker, is the newest addition to India's frontline government health workers. This community health worker programme is embedded in the state health services, with a focus on maternal and child health, and family planning. They are named the "Accredited Social Health Activists" (ASHAs). Through the guidelines for selection of ASHAs and the North Indian kinship system, the ASHAs are young women, married into the village community they serve. The ASHAs are to facilitate the use of state health services in pregnancy, delivery, family planning and children's health care and to bring awareness to their community about the state's health advices and health schemes through mobilisation, counselling and creating awareness. The thesis is based on 6,5 months of field work in North India, including five months of living in the village household of an ASHA in Rajasthan. The aim of the thesis is to explore the social interface between ASHAs and their village community and the public health system, how they negotiate between their various social roles. In order to do so, I contextualise and describe the dynamic social structures within which they manoeuvre and I explore the agency available for them. Various aspects of the ASHAs' position and agency is explored, mainly through the lens of a family planning campaign and the events that unfolded in the promotion, and execution of the campaign. This case-story illustrates that ASHAs meet conflicting pressures, and have to manage conflicting roles and duties - to health superiors, to their own household and to the rest of the village. I argue that they occupy an ambiguous and vulnerable position at the frontline and examine how they, skilfully, manage and navigate their role and work in order to perform well with regards to government criteria and, yet, also maintain good relations within the village. The ASHA-programme, moreover, represents a current governing "technology" of the Indian state to induce behavioural change in the rural population's health practices. Thus the thesis is also a local study of the changing interface between the State and its citizens - of ongoing governing technologies and modernity and citizenship discourses - through the lens of government health work. Erratum. Chapter 7 Appendix, page xi, second sentence should be: For all of the work for the ICDS, the ASHA-Sahyoginis are paid 500 fixed monthly rupees, there are no paid-for-performance incentives.

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