Hilde Kristin Brekke

• Klevmoen, Marianne; Lennep, Jeanine Roeters van; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Vesterbekkmo, Elisabeth Kleivhaug; Pedersen, Eva Ringdal & Hovland, Anders Wilhelm [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Extensive pregnancy-related off-treatment time in women with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Atherosclerosis. ISSN 0021-9150. 415. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2026.120668. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background and aims: Women with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) lose substantial treatment time during their reproductive years as most lipid-lowering therapies are contraindicated from the preconception through the end of breastfeeding. We examined the duration of real-life pregnancy-related off-treatment time in 27 women with FH in Norway. Methods: Women with FH in Norway who had completed the ongoing FH-FEMINA study (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT05367310) were included. Women were followed from 36th week of gestation and until one year after delivery or until end of breastfeeding. Information on use of medication before, during and after the current and previous pregnancies was collected. Pregnancy-related off-treatment time was calculated from discontinuation of lipid-lowering therapy when planning pregnancy, throughout pregnancy, and after delivery. Results: The total duration of pregnancy-related off-treatment time after all childbirths (median 1, range 1-3) per woman was a median of 2.9 years (25th-75th percentile; 1.6-4.0), ranging from 0.8 to 12 years. The pregnancy itself accounted for median of 42.1% of the pregnancy-related off-treatment time, whereas the time before and after pregnancy accounted for a median of 57.9% (range 11.4% to 91.2%). When including untreated years in childhood and/or prior to diagnosis, the lifelong off-treatment time represented a median of 66.3% (range 41.9 to 100%) of lifetime without treatment. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment is essential in girls with FH to compensate for pregnancy-related off-treatment time later in life. To minimize these pregnancy-related off-treatment periods, healthcare professionals should support women with FH to resume lipid-lowering therapy immediately after breastfeeding and between pregnancies. In addition, more knowledge on the potential effects of statin use during pregnancy and breastfeeding on maternal and offspring health is urgently needed.

• Skammelsrud, Thorbjørn Brun; Hjartåker, Anette; Klingberg, Sofia & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2025). Breastfeeding duration and maternal weight change through adulthood in a population-based cohort study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0002-9165. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.101134. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Weight retention postpartum can increase long-term risk of maternal overweight and obesity. In theory, breastfeeding may facilitate postpartum weight loss, but its association with maternal weight change, especially long-term, remains uncertain. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the association between breastfeeding duration and maternal weight change through adulthood emphasizing possible variations based on early adulthood BMI and the time of childbirth during the 1940s through the 1990s. Methods Women (n = 172,472) in the Norwegian Women and Health Study, born 1927 to 1965, completed ≤3 questionnaires (Q1–Q3) between 1991 and 2014. A linear mixed model was applied to assess the association between BMI change from age 18 y in relation to mean breastfeeding duration per child (0, >0 to <3, 3 to <6, 6 to <9, 9 to <12, 12 to <15, ≥15 mo), including a 3-way interaction with categories of BMI at age 18 y and time period of first birth. Results We found a significant interaction between breastfeeding duration per child, BMI at age 18 y, and year of first birth in relation to BMI change from age 18 y. Longer breastfeeding duration per child was associated with a lower increase in BMI among both mothers who either had overweight or obesity or had normal weight at age 18 y (P-trend < 0.001), irrespective of time of first birth. Among mothers with overweight or obesity at age 18 y who had their first child ≥1980, breastfeeding for ≥3 mo per child was significantly associated with lower increase in BMI from age 18 y, ranging from −1.26 kg/m2 [95% confidence interval (CI): −2.19, −0.32] to −2.11 kg/m2 (95% CI: −2.93, −1.30), compared with >0 to <3 mo. Conclusions We found a significant association between longer breastfeeding duration per child and lower maternal weight gain through adulthood, which was particularly pronounced among mothers with overweight or obesity at age 18 y and among mothers who had their first child ≥1980.

• Fossli, Maria; Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Andal, Malin; Løland, Beate Fossum; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2025). Nutrient Intake Among Lactating Women With Overweight and Obesity in Norway: A Comparison With the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Journal of human nutrition and dietetics. ISSN 0952-3871. 38(1). doi: 10.1111/jhn.70000. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background During lactation, maternal requirements for many nutrients increase due to the physiological demands of breast milk production, reflected in dietary recommendations. BMI is negatively associated with dietary quality postpartum, and 40% of women in Norway have pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity. Currently, there is limited data on dietary intake among lactating women in Norway and whether they meet nutritional requirements. We aimed to evaluate the nutrient intake in a study sample of lactating women with overweight and obesity, compared with the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR 2023). Methods In this cross-sectional analysis, we included baseline data from 112 lactating women with a pre-pregnancy BMI of 25–35 kg/m2, participating in a weight loss and breastfeeding promotion intervention trial in Oslo, Norway. Data were collected at 2 weeks postpartum (subject characteristics, anthropometry and dietary supplement use), at 7 weeks postpartum (dietary assessment) and post-weaning (retrospective dietary supplement use). Dietary data were obtained from a 4-day dietary record before randomisation to dietary treatment for weight loss. Nutrient intake was compared to the dietary reference values for lactating women in NNR 2023. Increased risk of inadequate intake of micronutrients was assessed as the proportion of women with intakes below the average requirement (AR), with and without dietary supplements. Results Mean ± SD BMI at 2 weeks postpartum was 30.7 ± 2.5 kg/m2. At 7 weeks postpartum the women reported a mean energy intake of 9.2 ± 2.0 MJ/day, with a higher intake of saturated fat and a lower intake of carbohydrate, dietary fibre and docosahexaenoic acid than recommended. The majority had an increased risk of inadequate intake of vitamin A (92%), folate (92%), vitamin D (84%), selenium (87%) and iodine (71%) from the diet alone. When dietary supplements were taken into account, ≥ 50% of the women still had an increased risk of inadequate intake of vitamin A, folate and selenium. Conclusions The high proportion of lactating women with overweight and obesity failing to meet the newly updated Nordic Nutrition Recommendations highlights the need to raise awareness among new mothers and healthcare professionals about the increased maternal nutritional demands during lactation and hence, the importance of nutrient-dense diets.

• Westerheim, Elin; Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Fossli, Maria; Winkvist, Anna; Henriksen, Hege & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2025). Relative validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis in estimating body composition in women with overweight and obesity 2 weeks and 6 months postpartum. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 69. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v69.10869. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective: To investigate the relative validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in estimating fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as reference method in women with overweight and obesity 2 weeks and 6 months postpartum (pp). Methods: Body composition of 94 women with overweight and obesity was assessed using Seca mBCA 515 and GE Healthcare Lunar iDXA. Agreement between the two methods for FM and FFM at 2 weeks and 6 months pp, as well as the changes in FM and FFM between the two timepoints, were tested using paired t-test, Bland–Altman plots and regression analyses. Results: The mean (standard deviation [SD]) body mass index (BMI) at 2 weeks pp was 30.6 (2.6) kg/m2 and mean (SD) weight loss at 6 months pp was 4.7 (4.8) kg. BIA underestimated FM at both 2 weeks pp and 6 months pp by mean (SD) 0.7 (1.4) kg and 0.3 (1.3) kg and overestimated FFM at both timepoints by 1.2 (1.5) kg and 0.7 (1.4) kg, with proportional bias for FFM. BIA underestimated changes in FM by mean (SD) 0.5 (1.1) kg and overestimated changes in FFM by 0.5 (1.0) kg, with proportional bias for change in extracellular water by total body water. Agreement was generally high for both cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons. Conclusions: At group level, BIA was a valid tool for assessment of FM and FFM in women with overweight and obesity at 2 weeks and 6 months pp when compared to DXA. We also consider it valid for following changes in FM and FFM over time when fluid distribution is stable

• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Fossli, Maria; Rasmussen, Kathleen M.; Winkvist, Anna; Løland, Beate Fossum & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Effects of Breastfeeding Promotion Intervention and Dietary Treatment in Postpartum Women with Overweight and Obesity: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial on Weight and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors. Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0022-3166. 154(8), s. 2448–2458. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.06.006. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Childbearing increases the risk of weight gain and cardiometabolic disease. The reset hypothesis suggests that lactation has protective cardiometabolic effects on the mother. The hypothesis is based on observational studies, and the possible interacting role of weight loss needs to be elucidated. Objectives This study aimed to examine the individual and interaction effects of a breastfeeding promotion intervention (BPI) and dietary intervention for weight loss postpartum (Diet) on body weight and cardiometabolic risk factors at 6 mo postpartum. Methods Pregnant women (n = 156) with a prepregnancy BMI of 25 to 35 kg/m2 were randomized to 4 groups in a 2 × 2 factorial design: BPI, Diet, both treatments, or no treatment. BPI consisted of individual counseling by a lactation consultant during pregnancy, at childbirth, and monthly thereafter or more frequently based on individual needs. Diet was initiated at 11 wk postpartum. Body weight, body composition, waist and hip circumferences, markers of lipid and glucose metabolism, and blood pressure were measured at 2 wk and 6 mo postpartum. We analyzed main and interaction effects using 2-way analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline values. Results Among the participants attending both visits (n = 108), 99% practiced any breastfeeding at baseline and 97% at follow-up. The BPI did not affect rates of exclusive or partial breastfeeding, age at introduction of complementary foods, or have main effects on body weight or cardiometabolic risk factors. There was a main effect of Diet reducing body weight, fat mass, fat-free mass, percentage fat mass, waist and hip circumferences, fasting glucose, and insulin (all P ≤ 0.03), with no interactions between the treatments. Conclusions There were no effects of BPI on body weight or cardiometabolic risk factors at 6 mo postpartum. Diet caused weight loss and had favorable effects on risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

• Øyri, Linn K. L.; Christensen, Jacob J.; Sebert, Sylvain; Thoresen, Magne; Michelsen, Trond M. & Ulven, Stine M. [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Maternal prenatal cholesterol levels predict offspring weight trajectories during childhood in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. BMC Medicine. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12916-023-02742-9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Numerous intrauterine factors may affect the offspring’s growth during childhood. We aimed to explore if maternal and paternal prenatal lipid, apolipoprotein (apo)B and apoA1 levels are associated with offspring weight, length, and body mass index from 6 weeks to eight years of age. This has previously been studied to a limited extent. Methods This parental negative control study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study and uses data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. We included 713 mothers and fathers with or without self-reported hypercholesterolemia and their offspring. Seven parental metabolites were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and offspring weight and length were measured at 12 time points. Data were analyzed by linear spline mixed models, and the results are presented as the interaction between parental metabolite levels and offspring spline (age). Results Higher maternal total cholesterol (TC) level was associated with a larger increase in offspring body weight up to 8 years of age (0.03 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.04). Paternal TC level was not associated with change in offspring body weight (0.17 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.25). Higher maternal high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apoA1 levels were associated with a lower increase in offspring body weight up to 8 years of age (0.001 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.005). Higher paternal HDL-C and apoA1 levels were associated with a lower increase in offspring body weight up to 5 years of age but a larger increase in offspring body weight from 5 to 8 years of age (0.01 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.03). Parental metabolites were not associated with change in offspring height or body mass index up to 8 years of age (0.07 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.99). Conclusions Maternal compared to paternal TC, HDL-C, and apoA1 levels were more strongly and consistently associated with offspring body weight during childhood, supporting a direct intrauterine effect.

• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Fossli, Maria; Ottestad, Inger; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Ulven, Stine Marie & Løland, Beate Fossum [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Dietary treatment postpartum in women with obesity reduces weight and prevents weight gain: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 23. doi: 10.1186/s12884-023-05976-w. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Women with pre-pregnancy obesity have an increased risk of retaining or gaining weight postpartum and may benefit from weight loss treatment. However, evidence is lacking for weight loss strategies in women with BMIs in the higher obesity classes. A dietary treatment for postpartum weight loss resulted in a 10% weight reduction in lactating women with a mean BMI of 30 kg/m2. We aimed to examine the effects of this dietary treatment on changes in weight, markers of lipid and glucose metabolism, waist and hip circumference and postpartum weight retention (PPWR) in postpartum women with higher BMIs than tested previously. Methods At baseline, approximately 8 weeks postpartum, 29 women with a mean (SD) BMI = 40.0 (5.2) kg/m2 were randomised to a 12-week dietary treatment (n 14) or to a control treatment (n 15). Measurements were made at baseline and after 3 and 12 months. Data was analysed using mixed model. Results The mean weight change in the diet group was -2.3 (3.1) kg compared to 1.7 (3.1) kg in the control group after 3 months (P = 0.003) and -4.2 (5.6) kg compared to 4.8 (11.8) kg in the control group after 12 months (P = 0.02). The dietary treatment led to reduced waist circumference (P < 0.04) and PPWR (P < 0.01) compared to the control treatment at both time points. The treatment lowered fasting blood glucose at 12 months (P = 0.007) as the only effect on markers of lipid and glucose metabolism. Conclusion The dietary treatment postpartum reduced weight and prevented weight retention or weight gain in women with obesity. Trial registration The trial was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03579667) 06/07/2018. Graphical Abstract In a randomised, controlled trial, 29 postpartum women with obesity were allocated to a dietary treatment or a control treatment. The dietary treatment reduced weight and prevented postpartum weight retention or weight gain after 12 months. Reference: Adapted from “Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Study Design (2 Arms, Graphical)”, by BioRender.com (2022). Retrieved from https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates .

• Helliesen, Julie Sørbø; Kristiansen, Ida; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Støkket, Ragnhild Stenshjemmet & Bye, Asta (2022). Nutrition impact symptoms and the risk of malnutrition in people with Parkinson's disease: A cross-sectional study. Journal of human nutrition and dietetics. ISSN 0952-3871. 36(1), s. 40–50. doi: 10.1111/jhn.13070. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: People with Parkinson’s disease (PD) often experience symptoms that affect their ability to eat. This may contribute to weight loss and increased risk of malnutrition. Objective: Our aim was to quantify the extent of nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) in the population and a scoring system of NIS is incorporated in the tool used to identify malnutrition. Methods: In this cross-sectional study members of the Norwegian Parkinson's Association, with any PD diagnosis and stage of illness, were invited to respond to an online 24-item questionnaire. Questions from two validated questionnaires, abridged patient-generated subjective global assessment (aPG-SGA) and Radboud Oral Motor Inventory for Parkinson’s disease (ROMP), were adapted to an online format. Results: The questionnaire was sent to 3047 members, of which 508 persons (17%) responded (61% men). In total, 59% were categorized as well-nourished, 34% at risk of malnutrition and 6.5% as malnourished. A quarter of all participants reported symptoms that affected food intake. The most frequent symptoms were constipation (14.2%) and dry mouth (13.4%). On average (SD), malnourished participants reported 3.4 (1.4) symptoms as opposed to 0.1 (0.3) per well-nourished participant. Malnourished participants had more swallowing problems than well-nourished, a mean total ROMP score of 15.5 (6.0) versus 9.0 (2.9) (p <0.001). As the number of points in the ROMP-score increased by one, the points in the aPG-SGA score increased with 37% (95% CI 0.309-0.428). Conclusion: Risk of malnutrition was largely related to NIS, especially dysphagia in people with PD. Symptoms affecting food intake should be systematically mapped and treated in conjunction with PD to prevent malnutrition.

• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Kirchner, Lisa; Winkvist, Anna; Bertz, Fredrik; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Ulven, Stine Marie [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Effects of dietary and exercise treatments on HDL subclasses in lactating women with overweight and obesity: A secondary analysis of an RCT. British Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0007-1145. 128, s. 2105–2114. doi: 10.1017/S0007114522000241. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Childbearing decreases HDL-cholesterol, potentially contributing to the increased risk of CVD in parous women. Large HDL particles (HDL-P) are associated with lower risk of CVD. In this secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial, we investigated the effects of 12-week dietary and exercise treatments on HDL-P subclass concentration, size and apoA1 in lactating women with overweight/obesity. At 10–14 weeks postpartum, 68 women with pre-pregnant BMI 25–35 kg/m 2 were randomised to four groups using 2 × 2 factorial design: (1) dietary treatment for weight loss; (2) exercise treatment; (3) both treatments and (4) no treatment. Lipoprotein subclass profiling by NMR spectroscopy was performed in serum at randomisation and after 3 and 12 months, and the results analysed with two-way ANCOVA. Lipid concentrations decline naturally postpartum. At 3 months (5–6 months postpartum), both diet ( P = 0·003) and exercise ( P = 0·008) reduced small HDL-P concentration. Concurrently, exercise limited the decline in very large HDL-P ( P = 0·002) and the effect was still significant at 12 months (15 months postpartum) ( P = 0·041). At 12 months, diet limited the decline in very large HDL-P ( P = 0·005), large HDL-P ( P = 0·001) and apoA1 ( P = 0·002) as well as HDL size ( P = 0·002). The dietary treatment for weight loss and the exercise treatment both showed effects on HDL-P subclasses in lactating women with overweight and obesity possibly associated with lower CVD risk. The dietary treatment had more effects than the exercise treatment at 12 months, likely associated with a 10 % weight loss.

• Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Kristiansen, Anne Lene; Myhre, Jannicke Borch; Astrup, Helene & Retterstøl, Kjetil [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Cholesterol at ages 6, 12 and 24 months: Tracking and associations with diet and maternal cholesterol in the Infant Cholesterol Study. Atherosclerosis. ISSN 0021-9150. 326, s. 11–16. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.04.017. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background and aims: There are indications for tracking of circulating total cholesterol concentration (TC) from childhood to later in life. An increased lifelong TC exposure increases the risk of developing atherosclerosis, however little is known about the determinants of TC early in life. We aimed to describe TC in Norwegian offspring aged 6, 12 and 24 months, and to explore if maternal TC, breastfeeding and offspring diet are associated with offspring TC. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, mothers of offspring aged 6 (n = 629), 12 (n = 258) and 24 (n = 263) months completed a questionnaire of the offspring's diet and took home-based dried blood spot samples from themselves and their offspring. The mothers and offspring participating at age 12 months also participated at age 6 months of the offspring. Results: Offspring TC showed a wide range in all three age groups. Twenty one percent of the offspring had TC ≥ 5.1 mmol/l. There was significant tracking of offspring TC from 6 to 12 months of age (r = 0.42, p < 0.001). Maternal and offspring TC was positively associated in all age groups (0.20 ≤ β ≤ 0.40, p < 0.001 for all). Breastfeeding was positively associated with offspring TC at ages 6 and 12 months (0.05 ≤ β ≤ 0.26, 0.001 ≤ p ≤ 0.03), but not at age 24 months. Conclusions: The wide range in TC and probable tracking of TC from infancy to later in life highlights the importance of early identification of children with elevated TC who can benefit from preventive measures.

• Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Christensen, Jacob J.; Ulven, Stine Marie; Brantsæter, Anne Lise & Retterstøl, Kjetil [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Novel associations between parental and newborn cord blood metabolic profiles in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. BMC Medicine. 19(19). doi: 10.1186/s12916-021-01959-w. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background:More than one third of Norwegian women and men between 20 and 40 years of age have elevated cholesterol concentration. Parental metabolic health around conception or during pregnancy may affect the offspring’s cardiovascular disease risk. Lipids are important for fetal development, but the determinants of cord blood lipids have scarcely been studied. We therefore aimed to describe the associations between maternal andpaternal peri-pregnancy lipid and metabolic profile and newborn cord blood lipid and metabolic profile. Methods:This study is based on 710 mother–father–newborn trios from the Norwegian Mother, Father and ChildCohort Study (MoBa) and uses data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN). The sample included in thisstudy consisted of parents with and without self-reported hypercholesterolemia the last 6 months before pregnancy and their partners and newborns. Sixty-four cord blood metabolites detected by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were analyzed by linear mixed model analyses. The false discovery rate procedure wasused to correct for multiple testing. Results:Among mothers with hypercholesterolemia, maternal and newborn plasma high-density lipoproteincholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, linoleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, alanine, glutamine, isoleucine, leucine, valine,creatinine, and particle concentration of medium high-density lipoprotein were significantly positively associated(0.001≤q≤0.09). Among mothers without hypercholesterolemia, maternal and newborn linoleic acid, valine,tyrosine, citrate, creatinine, high-density lipoprotein size, and particle concentration of small high-density lipoproteinwere significantly positively associated (0.02≤q≤0.08). Among fathers with hypercholesterolemia, paternal andnewborn ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1 were significantly positively associated (q= 0.04). Amongfathers without hypercholesterolemia, no significant associations were found between paternal and newbornmetabolites. Sex differences were found for many cord blood lipids. Conclusions:Maternal and paternal metabolites and newborn sex were associated with several cord bloodmetabolites. This may potentially affect the offspring’s long-term cardiovascular disease risk.Keywords:MoBa, the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study, MBRN, Medical Birth Registry of Norway,Cholesterol, Metabolic profiling, Cord blood, Sex differences

• Nesse, Siri Halland; Ottestad, Inger; Winkvist, Anna; Bertz, Fredrik; Ellegård, Lars & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2020). Predictive equations for estimating resting energy expenditure in women with overweight and obesity at three postpartum stages. Journal of Nutritional Science (JNS). 9. doi: 10.1017/jns.2020.16. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract The objective was to investigate which predictive equations provide the best estimates of resting energy expenditure (REE) in postpartum women with overweight and obesity. Lactating women with overweight or obesity underwent REE measurement by indirect calorimetry, and fat-free mass (FFM) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at three postpartum stages. Predictive equations based on body weight and FFM were obtained from the literature. Performance of the predictive equations were analysed as the percentage of women whose REE was accurately predicted, defined as a predicted REE within ±10 % of measured REE. REE data were available for women at 10 weeks ( n 71), 24 weeks ( n 64) and 15 months ( n 57) postpartum. Thirty-six predictive equations (twenty-five weight-based and eleven FFM-based) were validated. REE was accurately predicted in ≥80 % of women at all postpartum visits by six predictive equations (two weight-based and four FFM-based). The weight-based equation with the highest performance was that of Henry (weight, height, age 30–60 years) (Henry WH30−60 ), with an overall mean of 83 % accurate predictions. The Henry WH30−60 equation was highly suitable for predicting REE at all postpartum visits (irrespective of the women's actual age), and the performance was sustained across changes in weight and lactation status. No FFM-based equation was remarkably superior to Henry WH30−60 for the total postpartum period.

• Gharagozlian, Sedegheh; Mala, Tom; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Kolbjørnsen, Lisa Cornelia; Ullerud, Åslaug Asgeirsdatter & Johnson, Egil (2020). Nutritional status, sarcopenia, gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life after gastrectomy for cancer - A cross-sectional pilot study. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. ISSN 2405-4577. 37, s. 195–201. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.03.001. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  <i>Background and aims</i> - Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, malabsorption, reduced food intake and weight loss are common sequela of gastrectomy. This can result in malnutrition with a subsequent prolonged recovery, reduced physical functioning and deteriorated quality of life (QoL). Few studies have investigated the relationship between GI-symptoms, QoL and malnutrition in long-term survivors of gastric cancer. Therefore, we assess nutritional status, GI-symptoms and QoL 2–5 years after gastrectomy for malignancy.<br><br> <i>Methods</i> - A cross-sectional, pilot study was carried out in patients who underwent total or subtotal gastrectomy at Oslo University Hospital between 2012 and 2016, who had not experienced disease recurrence. Subjects above 85 years were excluded. The nutritional status of the patients fell into three groups by a score of subjective global assessment (SGA)-A, B, and C. Muscle mass was measured by body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis and muscle strength was measured by handgrip strength (HGS). Dietary intake was assessed by repeated 24-h dietary recalls. GI-symptoms and QoL were assessed using GI-Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and the SF-36 questionnaire.<br><br> <i>Results</i> - 21 patients were included. Mean (SD) weight loss was 12.8% (11.6) from preoperative status to follow up. Percentage weight loss was larger after total gastrectomy compared with subtotal gastrectomy (17.9% (12.3) vs. 6.6% (7.1) (p = 0.03)). A low mean intake of energy and protein was reported compared to dietary recommendations for the general Nordic population and intake in a national dietary survey. All of the patients were classified as pre-sarcopenic, and 5% as sarcopenic. Persistent weight loss >10% was observed in 45% of the subjects and these were in risk of malnutrition. Subjects with malnutrition had higher GSRS score for the abdominal pain syndrome (p = 0.042) and lower SF-36 scores for bodily pain (p = 0.01) and vitality (p = 0.02) compared with those without malnutrition.<br><br> <i>Conclusions</i> - A high prevalence of weight loss, and pre-sarcopenia was observed. Malnutrition as assessed by SGA was associated with more GI-Symptoms and reduced QoL scores. Further studies with larger number of participants are needed to verify our findings.

• Hansson, Patrik; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt & Thoresen, Magne [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Sex differences in postprandial responses to different dairy products on lipoprotein subclasses: A randomised controlled cross-over trial. British Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0007-1145. 122(7), s. 780–789. doi: 10.1017/S0007114519001429. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Men have earlier first-time event of CHD and higher postprandial TAG response compared with women. The aim of this exploratory sub-study was to investigate if intake of meals with the same amount of fat from different dairy products affects postprandial lipoprotein subclasses differently in healthy women and men. A total of thirty-three women and fourteen men were recruited to a randomised controlled cross-over study with four dairy meals consisting of butter, cheese, whipped cream or sour cream, corresponding to 45 g of fat (approximately 60 energy percent). Blood samples were taken at 0, 2, 4 and 6 h postprandially. Lipoprotein subclasses were measured using NMR and analysed using a linear mixed model. Sex had a significant impact on the response in M-VLDL (P=0·04), S-LDL (P=0·05), XL-HDL (P=0·009) and L-HDL (P=0·001) particle concentration (P), with women having an overall smaller increase in M-VLDL-P, a larger decrease in S-LDL-P and a larger increase in XL- and L-HDL-P compared with men, independent of meal. Men showed a decrease in XS-VLDL-P compared with women after intake of sour cream (P&amp;lt;0·01). In men only, XS-VLDL-P decreased after intake of sour cream compared with all other meals (v. butter: P=0·001; v. cheese: P=0·04; v. whipped cream: P=0·006). Meals with the same amount of fat from different dairy products induce different postprandial effects on lipoprotein subclass concentrations in men and women.

• Hansson, Patrik; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt & Rehfeld, Jens Frederik [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Dairy products influence gut hormone secretion and appetite differently: A randomized controlled crossover trial. Journal of Dairy Science (JDS). ISSN 0022-0302. 103(2), s. 1100–1109. doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-16863. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Little is known about how dairy products with different nutrient contents and food matrices affect appetite sensation and gut hormone secretion. The objective of this study was to investigate how appetite sensation and gut hormone secretion in healthy adults are affected by meals with the same amount of fat but from different dairy products. Forty-seven healthy adults (70% women) were recruited to a randomized controlled crossover study with 4 dairy meals consisting of butter, cheese, whipped cream, or sour cream, corresponding to 45 g (approximately 60 energy percent) of fat. Plasma samples were collected for analysis of cholecystokinin (CCK), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide YY (PYY), and ghrelin concentrations at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h after the meals and analyzed as the incremental area under the curve (iAUC0–6h) in a mixed model. Hunger, satiety, and appetite sensations were measured with a visual analog scale (VAS) immediately after finishing the meals and at 4 and 6 h postprandially. Intake of cheese induced a higher level of plasma PP-iAUC0–6h compared with butter or whipped cream, and a higher level of plasma CCK-iAUC0–6h compared with whipped cream. Intake of whipped cream increased VAS appetite at 4 h compared with cheese or sour cream, and at 6 h compared with cheese or butter. No significant meal effect was found for hunger, satiety, plasma PYY, or plasma ghrelin concentration. Intake of cheese increased postprandial plasma PP and CCK concentrations and decreased appetite compared with whipped cream but not with sour cream. These findings encourage further investigations of how different dairy products affect gut hormone secretion and appetite sensation.

• Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Kristiansen, Anne Lene; Myhre, Jannicke Borch; Retterstøl, Kjetil & Brekke, Hilde Kristin [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Infant cholesterol and glycated hemoglobin concentrations vary widely - associations with breastfeeding, infant diet and maternal biomarkers. Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253. 109(1), s. 115–121. doi: 10.1111/apa.14936. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Aim: Elevated total cholesterol (TC) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) are risk factors for cardiovascular disease however little is known about their determinants in infants. We aimed to describe TC and HbA1c concentrations in infants aged 8-14 months, and explore the relation between infant TC, HbA1c, breastfeeding, infant diet, and maternal TC and HbA1c. Methods: In this cross-sectional pilot study, mothers of infants aged 6 and 12 months were invited to complete a food frequency questionnaire and to take home-based dried blood spot samples from themselves and their infants. Results: Among the 143 included infants, the mean (SD, range) concentration was 4.1 (0.8, 2.3-6.6) mmol/L for TC and 4.9 (0.4, 3.7-6.0) % for HbA1c. There was no significant difference between age groups or sexes. There was a positive relation between TC concentrations of all infants and mothers (B=0.30 unadjusted, B=0.32 adjusted, P<0.001 for both), and a negative relation between infant TC and intake of unsaturated fatty acids in the oldest age group (B=-0.09, P=0.03 unadjusted, B=-0.08, P=0.06 adjusted). Infant HbA1c was not significantly related to diet or maternal HbA1c. Conclusion: TC and HbA1c concentrations varied widely among infants aged 8-14 months. Infant TC was associated with macronutrient intake and maternal TC.

• Klingberg, Sofia; Brekke, Hilde Kristin & Ludvigsson, Johnny (2019). Introduction of fish and other foods during infancy and risk of asthma in the All Babies In Southeast Sweden cohort study. European Journal of Pediatrics. ISSN 0340-6199. 178(3), s. 395–402. doi: 10.1007/s00431-018-03312-5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The etiology of asthma includes lifestyle factors. Breastfeeding and introduction of complementary foods have been suggested to affect asthma risk, but the scientific foundation is not solid. Children from the birth cohort All Babies In Southeast Sweden study were included (n = 9727). Breastfeeding duration and timing of introduction of infant formula and food were collected prospectively during the first year. Through linkage to the Swedish Patient Register, 948 children were identified with any asthma until age 15–17 years, of which 450 cases were atopic. Breastfeeding duration was not associated to risk of asthma. Introduction of infant formula earlier than at 14 weeks of age was associated with higher risk of non-atopic asthma. Introduction of fish before 43 weeks of age, as compared to later, was associated with a lower risk of asthma, irrespective of atopic classification. Reverse causation was accounted for but did not explain the results. Conclusion: Introduction of infant formula and timing of introduction of fish seem to impact the long-term risk of doctor-diagnosed asthma. Emphasis on the growing body of evidence that early introduction of allergens offers protection against atopic disease should be considered in future recommendations.

• Hagberg, Lars; Winkvist, Anna; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Bertz, Fredrik; Johansson, Else Hellebø & Huseinovic, Ena (2019). Cost-effectiveness and quality of life of a diet intervention postpartum: 2-year results from a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 8(19), s. 38–38. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-6356-y. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Pregnancy has been identified as a contributor to obesity. We have shown that a diet intervention postpartum produced a 2-y weight loss of 8%. Here, we present the impact of the diet intervention on cost-effectiveness and explore changes in quality of life (QOL). Methods A total of 110 postpartum women with overweight/obesity were randomly assigned to diet (D-group) or control (C-group). D-group received a 12-wk diet intervention within primary health care followed by monthly emails up to the 1-y follow-up. C-group received a brochure. Changes in QOL were measured using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey and EQ-5D. The analysis of cost-effectiveness was a cost-utility analysis with a health care perspective and included costs of intervention for stakeholder, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained and savings in health care. The likelihood of cost-effectiveness was examined using the net monetary benefit method. Results The D-group increased their QOL more than the C-group at 12 wk. and 1 y, with pronounced differences for the dimensions general health and mental health, and the mental component summary score (all p < 0.05). Cost per gained QALY was 1704–7889 USD. The likelihood for cost-effectiveness, based on a willingness to pay 50,000 USD per QALY, was 0.77–1.00. Conclusions A diet intervention that produced clinically relevant postpartum weight loss also resulted in increased QOL and was cost-effective. Trial registration Clinical trials, NCT01949558, 2013-09-24

• Hansson, Patrik; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Biong, Anne Sofie & Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Meals with Similar Fat Content from Different Dairy Products Induce Different Postprandial Triglyceride Responses in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Trial. Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0022-3166. 149(3), s. 422–431. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy291. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Postprandial lipemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Dairy products differ in nutrient content and food matrix, and little is known about how different dairy products affect postprandial triglyceride (TG) concentrations. We investigated the effect of meals with similar amounts of fat from different dairy products on postprandial TG concentrations over 6 h in healthy adults. A randomized controlled cross-over study was performed on 47 subjects (30% men), with median (25th–75th percentile) age of 32 (25–46) y and body mass index of 23.6 (21.0–25.8) kg/m2. Meals included 1 of butter, cheese, whipped cream, or sour cream, corresponding to 45 g of fat (approximately 60 energy%). Serum concentrations of TGs (primary outcome), and total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol), insulin, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, and plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (secondary outcomes) were measured before the meal and 2, 4, and 6 h postprandially. Incremental AUC (iAUC) was calculated for the responses, and data were analyzed using a linear mixed model. Sour cream induced a 61% larger TG-iAUC0–6 h compared to whipped cream (P &lt; 0.001), a 53% larger TG-iAUC0–6 h compared to butter (P &lt; 0.001), and a 23% larger TG-iAUC0–6 h compared to cheese (P = 0.05). No differences in TG-iAUC0–6 h between the other meals were observed. Intake of sour cream induced a larger HDL cholesterol-iAUC0–6 h compared to cheese (P = 0.01). Intake of cheese induced a 124% larger insulin iAUC0–6 h compared to butter (P = 0.006). No other meal effects were observed. High-fat meals containing similar amount of fat from different dairy products induce different postprandial effects on serum TGs, HDL cholesterol, and insulin in healthy adults. The potential mechanisms and clinical impact of our findings remain to be further elucidated. The study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02836106.

• Huseinovic, Ena; Bertz, Fredrik; Brekke, Hilde Kristin & Winkvist, Anna (2018). Two-year follow-up of a postpartum weight loss intervention: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Maternal & Child Nutrition. ISSN 1740-8695. 14(2). doi: 10.1111/mcn.12539. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Huseinovic, Ena; Ohlin, M.; Winkvist, A; Bertz, F; Sonesson, U. & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2017). Does diet intervention in line with nutrition recommendations affect dietary carbon footprint? Results from a weight loss trial among lactating women. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0954-3007. 71(10), s. 1241–1245. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.63. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Klingberg, Sofia; Ludvigsson, Johnny & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2017). Introduction of complementary foods in Sweeden and impact of maternal education on feeding practices. Public Health Nutrition (PHN). ISSN 1368-9800. 20(6), s. 1054–1062. doi: 10.1017/S1368980016003104. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Klingberg, Sofia; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Winkvist, Anna; Engström, Gunnar; Hedblad, B & Drake, Isabel (2017). Parity, weight change, and maternal risk of cardiovascular events. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. ISSN 0002-9378. 216(2), s. 172.e1–172.e15. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.09.105. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Karin, Jonsson; Malin, Barman; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Hasselmar, B; Johansen, S & Sandberg, AS [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Late introduction of fish and eggs is associated with increased risk of allergy development - results from the FARMFLORA birth cohort. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 6(1). doi: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1393306. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Huseinovic, Ena; Bertz, Fredrik; Agelii, Monica Leu; Johansson, Else Hellebo; Winkvist, Anna & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2016). Effectiveness of a weight loss intervention in postpartum women: Results from a randomized controlled trial in primary health care. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0002-9165. 104(2), s. 362–370. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.135673. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Jönsson, Karin; Green, My; Barman, Malin; Sjöberg, Agneta; Brekke, Hilde Kristin & Wold, Agnes E [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Diet in 1-year-old farm and control children and allergy development: Results from the FARMFLORA birth cohort. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 60. doi: 10.3402/fnr.v60.32721. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lignell, Sanna; Winkvist, Anna; Bertz, Fredrik; Rasmussen, Kathleen M.; Glynn, Anders & Aune, Marie [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Environmental organic pollutants in human milk before and after weight loss. Chemosphere. ISSN 0045-6535. 159, s. 96–102. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.077. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bärebring, Linnea; Brembeck, Petra; Löf, Marie; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Winkvist, Anna & Augustin, Hanna (2016). Food intake and gestational weight gain in Swedish women. SpringerPlus. 29(5), s. 377–377. doi: 10.1186/s40064-016-2015-x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Huseinovic, Ena; Winkvist, Anna; Bertz, Fredrik; Johansson, Else Hellebö & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2016). Dietary assessment among women with overweight and obesity in early postpartum. Journal of human nutrition and dietetics. ISSN 0952-3871. 29(4), s. 411–417. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Granfors, Maria; Augustin, Hanna; Ludvigsson, Johnny & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2016). No association between use of multivitamin supplement containing vitamin D during pregnancy and risk of Type 1 Diabetes in the child. Pediatric Diabetes. ISSN 1399-543X. 17(7), s. 525–530. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12334. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Jonsson, Karin; Barman, Malin; Moberg, S; Sjöberg, Agneta; Brekke, Hilde Kristin & Hasselmar, B [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Serum fatty acids in infants, reflecting family fish consumption, were inversely associated with allergy development but not related to farm residence. Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253. 105(12), s. 1462–1471. doi: 10.1111/apa.13592. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fredriksson, E; Brekke, Hilde Kristin & Ellegård, Lars (2016). Dietary intake in Swedish medical students during 2007-2012. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1403-4948. 44(1), s. 77–83. doi: 10.1177/1403494815611767. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Jonsson, Karin; Barman, Malin; Moberg, S; Sjöberg, Agneta; Brekke, Hilde Kristin & Hesselmar, B [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Fat intake and breast milk fatty acid composition in farming and nonfarming women and allergy development in the offspring. Pediatric Research. ISSN 0031-3998. 79, s. 114–123. doi: 10.1038/pr.2015.187. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ellegård, Lasse; Bertz, F; Winkvist, A; Bosaeus, I & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2016). Body composition in overweight and obese women postpartum: Bioimpedance methods validated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and doubly labeled water. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0954-3007. 70(10), s. 1181–1188. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.50. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

Se alle arbeider i NVA

• Klevmoen, Marianne; Mulder, Janneke W.C.M.; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Retterstøl, Kjetil; Vesterbekkmo, Elisabeth Kleivhaug & Pedersen, Eva Ringdal [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Prospective study on breastfeeding, lipid profile and cardiovascular risk markers in women with familial hypercholesterolaemia: study protocol for the FH-FEMINA study. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-092208. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skammelsrud, Thorbjørn Brun; Hjartåker, Anette; Klingberg, Sofia & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2025). Breastfeeding duration and maternal weight change through adulthood in a population-based cohort study. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sandberg, Maja; Mogren, Ingrid; Augustin, Hanna; Winkvist, Anna; Söderberg, Stefan & Klingberg, Sofia [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Longer breastfeeding duration reduces the risk of subclinical cardiovascular disease. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2025). The effect of lactation and weight loss on risk factors for cardiometabolic disease in postpartum women with overweight and obesity – The EVA study. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Fossli, Maria; Rasmussen, Kathleen M; Winkvist, Anna; Løland, Beate Fossum & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Post-weaning results from a Randomized Controlled Trial on Weight and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors - Effects of Breastfeeding Promotion Intervention and Dietary Treatment in Postpartum Women with Overweight and Obesity. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Foredrag på International Conference of Nutrition (ICN)

• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Fossli, Maria & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2025). The effect of lactation and weight change on risk factors for cardiovascular disease in postpartum women with overweight and obesity – The EVA study. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Fossli, Maria; Rasmussen, Kathleen M.; Winkvist, Anna; Løland, Beate Fossum & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Effects of breastfeeding and diet interventions in postpartum women with overweight and obesity: Results from an RCT on weight and cardiometabolic risk factors. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Foredrag på Throne Holst seminar

• Fossli, Maria; Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Rasmussen, Kathleen M.; Winkvist, Anna; Løland, Beate Fossum & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Effekter av ammeintervensjon og kostintervensjon hos postpartum kvinner med overvekt og fedme: Resultater fra en randomisert, kontrollert studie på vekt og kardiometabolske risikofaktorer. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skammelsrud, Thorbjørn Brun; Hjartåker, Anette; Klingberg, Sofia & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2025). Sammenhengen mellom amming og vektutvikling gjennom livet blant mødre i "Kvinner og kreft"-studien. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Fossli, Maria; Rasmussen, Kathleen M.; Winkvist, Anna; Løland, Beate Fossum & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Effekter av ammeintervensjon og kostintervensjon hos postpartum kvinner med overvekt og fedme: Resultater fra en randomisert, kontrollert studie på vekt og kardiometabolske risikofaktorer. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Fossli, Maria; Rasmussen, Kathleen M.; Winkvist, Anna; Løland, Beate Fossum & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Effekter av ammeintervensjon og kostintervensjon hos postpartum kvinner med overvekt og fedme: Resultater fra en randomisert, kontrollert studie på vekt og kardiometabolske risikofaktorer. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Brekke, Hilde Kristin & Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen (2024). LEVA-metoden hjälper kvinner med obesitas gå ner i vikt efter förlossning. Dietistaktuellt. ISSN 1102-9285. s. 42–43. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Fossli, Maria; Rasmussen, Kathleen; Winkvist, Anna; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Løland, Beate Fossum (2024). Effekter av ammeintervensjon og kostintervensjon hos postpartum kvinner med overvekt og fedme: Resultater fra en randomisert, kontrollert studie på vekt og kardiometabolske risikofaktorer. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fossli, Maria; Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Andal, Malin; Løland, Beate Fossum; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2024). Nutrient intake among lactating women with overweight and obesity. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Westerheim, Elin; Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Fossli, Maria; Winkvist, Anna; Henriksen, Hege Berg & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2024). Relative validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis in estimating body composition in women with overweight and obesity 2 weeks and 6 months postpartum. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sandberg, Maja; Mogren, Ingrid; Augustin, Hanna; Winkvist, Anna; Söderberg, Stefan & Klingberg, Sofia [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI is associated with the duration of exclusive breastfeeding in SCAPIS – Umeå. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Fossli, Maria; Rasmussen, Kathleen M.; Winkvist, Anna; Løland, Beate Fossum & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Effects of breastfeeding and diet interventions in postpartum women with overweight and obesity: Results from an RCT on weight and cardiometabolic risk factors. Norsk tidsskrift for ernæring (NTFE). ISSN 1503-5034. 22(5). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fossli, Maria; Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Andal, Malin; Løland, Beate Fossum; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2024). Nutrient intake among lactating women with overweight and obesity. Norsk tidsskrift for ernæring (NTFE). ISSN 1503-5034. 22(5). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sandberg, Maja; Mogren, Ingrid; Augustin, Hanna; Winkvist, Anna; Söderberg, Stefan & Klingberg, Sofia [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI is associated with the duration of exclusive breastfeeding in SCAPIS – Umeå. Norsk tidsskrift for ernæring (NTFE). ISSN 1503-5034. 22(5). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Westerheim, Elin; Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Fossli, Maria; Winkvist, Anna; Henriksen, Hege Berg & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2024). Relative validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis in estimating body composition in women with overweight and obesity 2 weeks and 6 months postpartum. Norsk tidsskrift for ernæring (NTFE). ISSN 1503-5034. 22(5). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Fossli, Maria; Rasmussen, Kathleen M.; Winkvist, Anna; Løland, Beate Fossum & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Effects of breastfeeding and diet interventions in postpartum women with overweight and obesity: Results from an RCT on weight and cardiometabolic risk factors. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fossli, Maria; Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Andal, Malin; Løland, Beate Fossum; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2024). Inntak av næringsstoffer blant ammende kvinner med overvekt og fedme. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fossli, Maria; Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Andal, Malin; Løland, Beate Fossum; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2024). Dietary intake among lactating women with overweight and obesity at seven weeks postpartum. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fossli, Maria; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Rasmussen, Kathleen M.; Winkvist, Anna; Løland, Beate Fossum & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund (2024). Effekter av ammeintervensjon og kostintervensjon hos postpartum kvinner med overvekt og fedme: Resultater fra en randomisert, kontrollert studie på vekt og kardiometabolske risikofaktorer. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fossli, Maria; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Rasmussen, Kathleen M.; Winkvist, Anna; Løland, Beate Fossum & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund (2024). Effekter av ammeintervensjon og kostintervensjon hos postpartum kvinner med overvekt og fedme: Resultater fra en randomisert, kontrollert studie på vekt og kardiometabolske risikofaktorer. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skammelsrud, Thorbjørn Brun; Hjartåker, Anette; Klingberg, Sofia & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2024). Amming og vektutvikling blant mødre: Resultater fra «Kvinner og kreft»- studien. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fossli, Maria; Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Andal, Malin; Løland, Beate Fossum; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2024). Nutrient Intake among lactating women with overweight and obesity. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Wilhelmsen, Silje Elden; Andersen, Astrid Riseth; Brekke, Hilde Kristin & Paulsen, Mari Mohn (2024). E-læring om sykdomsrelatert underernæring for å gi studenter mengde- og ferdighetstrening i forebygging og behandling. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Fossli, Maria; Ottestad, Inger Olaug; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Ulven, Stine Marie & Løland, Beate Fossum [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Dietary treatment postpartum in women with obesity reduces weight and prevents weight gain: a randomised controlled trial. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Fossli, Maria; Ottestad, Inger; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Ulven, Stine Marie & Løland, Beate Fossum [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Effect of a postpartum weight loss intervention in women with obesity: a randomized controlled trial. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Fossli, Maria; Ottestad, Inger; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Ulven, Stine Marie & Løland, Beate Fossum [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Kostprogram postpartum reduserer vekt og forebygger vektoppgang blant kvinner med fedme – en randomisert kontrollert studie. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Fossli, Maria; Ottestad, Inger; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Ulven, Stine Marie & Løland, Beate Fossum [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Effect of a postpartum weight loss intervention in women with obesity: a randomized controlled trial. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Fossli, Maria; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Ulven, Stine Marie & Ottestad, Inger [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Dietary treatment prevents postpartum weight gain in women with obesity: a randomised controlled trial. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Women with pre-pregnancy obesity have an increased risk of retaining or gaining weight postpartum. Previously, we performed a dietary treatment which resulted in sustained weight loss and improved cardiometabolic risk factors in lactating women with a mean BMI=30 kg/m2. However, evidence is lacking for higher BMI classes. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the dietary treatment on change in weight and markers of lipid- and glucose metabolism as well as postpartum weight retention (PPWR) and change in waist-and-hip-circumference in postpartum women with obesity. Methodology: At baseline, approximately 8 weeks postpartum, 29 women were randomised to a 12-week dietary treatment for weight loss (n=14) or to a control treatment (n=15) receiving a brochure on healthy eating. Measurements were made at baseline and 3 and 12 months later. Data was analysed using mixed model. Results: Mean BMI at baseline was 40.0 ± 5.2 kg/m2. Weight change after 3 months was -2.3 ± 3.1 kg in the diet group compared to 1.7 ± 3.1 kg in the control group (P=0.025), and -4.2 ± 5.6 kg in the diet group compared to 4.8 ± 11.8 kg in the control group after 12 months (P=0.010). The dietary treatment led to reduced waist circumference (P<0.032) and PPWR (P<0.002) compared to the control treatment at both time points. There were no effects of the treatment on markers of lipid- and glucose metabolism. Conclusion: The dietary treatment prevented postpartum women with obesity from retaining or gaining weight, and may even reduce weight.

• Drotningsvik, Aslaug; Hansson, Patrik; Rosendahl-Riise, Hanne & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2021). Kommunene er sultefôret på ernæringskompetanse. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Winkvist, Anna; Bertz, Fredrik; Huseinovic, Ena & Johansson, Else Hellebø (2021). Diet intervention for weight loss after pregnancy - The LEVA method. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Kirchner, Lisa; Winkvist, Anna; Bertz, Fredrik; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Ulven, Stine Marie [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Effects of dietary and exercise treatments on HDL subclasses in lactating women with overweight and obesity: a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Kirchner, Lisa; Winkvist, Anna; Bertz, Fredrik; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Ulven, Stine Marie [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Effects of dietary and exercise treatments on HDL subclasses in lactating women with overweight and obesity: a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Kirchner, Lisa; Winkvist, Anna; Bertz, Fredrik; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Ulven, Stine Marie [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Effects of dietary and exercise treatments on HDL subclasses in lactating women with overweight and obesity: a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2020). Implementation of Nutrition care Process (NCP) in higher education in dietetics. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Reinan, Thomas Kvitvang; Feuerherm, Astrid Jullumstrø; Kolberg, Marit; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Thoresen, Lene & Mostad, Ingrid Løvold (2020). HIGH PREVALENCE OF MALNUTRITION AMONG INPATIENTS AT A NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ASSOCIATED WITH ORAL HEALTH PROBLEMS. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Reinan, Thomas Kvitvang; Feuerherm, Astrid Jullumstrø; Kolberg, Marit; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Thoresen, Lene & Mostad, Ingrid Løvold (2019). Funn av høy forekomst av underernæring blant innlagte pasienter på St. Olavs hospital, assosiert med dårlig munnhelse. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Tittel: Funn av høy forekomst av underernæring blant innlagte pasienter på St. Olavs hospital, assosiert med dårlig munnhelse. Et masterprosjekt i regi av Ernæringsutvalget og Kompetansesenteret Tannhelse Midt. Studiesykepleiere fra Forskningsposten ved St. Olavs hospital bidro i prosjektet. Bakgrunn/introduksjon: Hver tredje pasient i norske sykehus er anslått å være underernært eller i ernæringsmessig risiko, med påfølgende helsemessige og helseøkonomiske konsekvenser. Det foreligger begrenset kunnskap om innlagte pasienters munnhelse. På denne bakgrunn ønsket vi å undersøke forekomsten av underernæring, munntørrhet og andre munnhelseproblemer blant innlagte pasienter ved St. Olavs hospital og om/hvordan disse forekomstene var assosiert med hverandre. Videre om pasienter kategorisert som underernærte i studien var blitt funnet å være i ernæringsmessig risiko gjennom sykehusets rutinemessige ernæringsscreening. Metode/design: En tverrsnittstudie på voksne pasienter innlagt ved somatiske og psykiatriske sengeområder ved St. Olavs hospital. Ernæringsstatus ble vurdert av masterstudenten med The Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), som kategoriserer pasientene som velernærte (A), moderat (B) eller alvorlig underernærte (C). Munnhelse ble vurdert av studiesykepleierne med Revised Oral Assessment Guide (ROAG) i tillegg til pasientrapporterte data. Munntørrhet ble målt objektivt med spyttprøve. Resultater fra ernæringsscreeningen (NRS 2002) ble hentet fra elektronisk pasientjournal. Odds Ratio (OR) for assosiasjonene ble beregnet med logistisk regresjon, korrigert for alder og kjønn. Resultat: Fra oktober 2018 til mars 2019 ble 118 pasienter (56% menn) i alderen 21-94 (median 68) år fra 15 somatiske og 3 psykiatriske avdelinger inkludert i studien. Blant disse var 57 % underernærte (kategori B eller C), 93% hadde minst ett munnhelseproblem, 19% hadde redusert spyttutskillelse og 36% hadde selvrapportert munntørrhet. Signifikante assosiasjoner mellom underernæring og munnhelse ble funnet, de høyeste for røde eller såre munnslimhinner (OR 4.67), sår på lepper (OR 4.22) og dårlig tannstatus (OR 3.62). Ernæringsscreening var blitt utført på 97 av 118 pasienter, hvorav 11 ble funnet å være i ernæringsmessig risiko. I samme utvalg (de 97 screenede) var det 58 underernærte, som tilsier at 47 underernærte ikke ble fanget opp som risikopasienter gjennom ernæringsscreeningen. Diskusjon/konklusjon: Studien påviser en høy forekomst av underernæring og munnhelseproblemer som ikke ble avdekket gjennom sykehusets rutiner. Resultatene kan bidra til at underernæring, dårlig munnhelse og forholdet mellom disse ikke blir oversett i framtida.

• Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Christensen, Jacob J.; Ulven, Stine Marie; Brantsæter, Anne Lise & Retterstøl, Kjetil [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Novel and comprehensive metabolite profiling in cord blood reveal sex differences: A sub-study from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort study. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hansson, Patrik; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Biong, Anne Sofie & Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Postprandial effects of different dairy products on triglycerides in lean and overweight subjects: a randomized controlled cross-over study. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hansson, Patrik; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Biong, Anne Sofie & Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Postprandial effects of different dairy products on triglycerides in lean and overweight subjects: a randomized controlled cross-over study. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hansson, Patrik; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt & Thoresen, Magne [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). SEX DIFFERENCES IN POSTPRANDAL RESPONSE TO DIFFERENT DAIRY PRODUCTS ON LIPOPROTEIN SUBCLASSES: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CROSS-OVER TRIAL. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2017). Effectiveness of the LEVA protocol among postpartum women: results from the randomized controlled LEVA in Real Life trial. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holth, Cathrine Bus; Høisæther, Elisabeth Adolfsen & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2017). An evaluation of the suggested ESPEN malnutrition criteria in light of the criteria for malnutrition as presented in the Norwegian National guidelines. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holth, Cathrine Bus; Høisæther, Elisabeth Adolfsen & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2017). An evaluation of the suggested ESPEN malnutrition criteria in light of the criteria for malnutrition as presented in the Norwegian National guideline. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Høyer, Anne; Høisæther, Elisabeth Adolfsen & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2017). Body composition in cancer patients Validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis in a clinical setting. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hansson, Patrik; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Biong, Anne Sofie & Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Postprandial effects of different dairy products on blood lipids in lean and overweight subjects. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ottestad, Inger; Narverud, Ingunn; Christensen, Jacob J.; Rundblad, Amanda; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie & Larsen, Sunniva Veen [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Ost - venn eller fiende for hjertehelsa? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hamrin, Margaretha; Christensen, Jacob J.; Ottestad, Inger; Narverud, Ingunn; Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt & Rundblad, Amanda [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Fra Beverly Hills-dietten til Nordisk kost – hva virker? FH-magasinet. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skammelsrud, Thorbjørn Brun; Hjartåker, Anette; Klingberg, Sofia & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2024). Breastfeeding and weight development among parous women: Results from the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Brekke, Hilde Kristin & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund (2024). Weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in postpartum women with overweight and obesity - Results from three randomised controlled trials. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  After childbirth, both an increase in weight and a lower level of the "good" HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) may be mechanisms contributing to elevated maternal risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Weight loss in adults with overweight and obesity has been shown to increase HDL-C. Breastfeeding is associated to a more favourable risk profile for CVD and T2D, including a higher level of HDL-C, while it is more uncertain whether breastfeeding also contributes to weight loss. The aim of the thesis was to examine the effects of a dietary intervention, an exercise treatment, and a breastfeeding promotion intervention (BPI) in postpartum women with overweight and obesity. A Swedish randomised controlled trial (RCT), the LEVA study, showed that lactating women with overweight and obesity before pregnancy lost 9% of their weight and improved their HDL-C and fasting insulin levels through a 12-week dietary program from 3 to 6 months after childbirth. A secondary analysis of the LEVA study showed that the dietary program changed the distribution of HDL particle subclasses in a direction associated with lower risk of CVD. An exercise intervention, which showed no effect on weight, had a more limited effect on the HDL subclasses than the dietary program. In a second RCT, the dietary program was tested in women postpartum with a higher body mass index than in the LEVA study. The program had a positive effect also among these women by reducing weight or preventing weight gain. In a third RCT, the effects of a BPI and the dietary program were examined among postpartum women with overweight and obesity. At 6 months postpartum, almost all participants were breastfeeding. There were no effects of BPI, while the dietary program resulted in a reduction of weight and fasting glucose. In summary, the dietary program led to weight reduction and other favourable effects on risk factors for HKS and T2D, which may improve the mothers' future health.

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