Rune Blomhoff

• Eklo, Rakel R.; Alavi, Dena Treider; Konglevoll, Dina Moxness; Kolle, Åshild; Henriksen, Hege Berg & Rising, Russell [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Predictive equations commonly used in clinics underestimate resting energy expenditure compared with whole-room indirect calorimetry in colorectal cancer survivors. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0002-9165. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101209. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Accurate methods for estimating resting energy expenditure (REE) are important to ensure adequate nutritional treatment in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. Objective: To determine the agreement between REE estimated by commonly used predictive equations and by whole-room indirect calorimetry (WRIC). Design: This cross-sectional study included 31 CRC survivors (age: 53–78 years; mean (standard deviation (SD)) body mass index (BMI) 28.7 (4.28) kg/m2), who underwent curative surgery. Body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Predicted REE from equations in clinical use and derived from DXA and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were compared against REE measured by 30-min WRIC. Equations included Harris-Benedict, Mifflin-St. Jeor, FAO/WHO/UNU, Henry, Mifflin-St. JeorDXA, and FAO/WHO/UNUBIA. Paired sample t-test, Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and Bland-Altman analysis were used to determine the agreement between measured REEWRIC and predicted REE. Accuracy was defined as the percentage of predicted REE values that fell within ± 10 % of REEWRIC. Results: Mean (SD) REEWRIC was 1710 kcal/d (353), and respiratory quotient (RQ) was 0.79 (0.05). Most equations underestimated REE. On average, Harris-Benedict, Henry, and FAO/WHO/UNUBIA showed the best overall agreement with REEWRIC. However, these equations showed low accuracy with 65 %, 68 %, and 62 % of predicted REE values within ± 10 % of REEWRIC, respectively. Conclusions: Most predictive equations tended to underestimate REE in CRC survivors compared with REEWRIC. The Harris-Benedict, Henry and FAO/WHO/UNUBIA equations showed both best accuracy and agreement with WRIC. They were still inaccurate, with individual variability for a relevant part of the sample. Future studies need to develop improved predictive equations for CRC survivors.

• Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo; Baravelli, Carl Michael; Madsen, Christian; Clarsen, Benjamin Matthew; TopeAmobonye, Ayodeji Emmanuel & Brauer, Michael [Vis alle 27 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). The burden of dietary risk factors in the Nordic and Baltic countries: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. The Lancet Regional Health - Europe. 61, s. 1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101543. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Detailed knowledge about the disease burden from unhealthy diet in Nordic and Baltic countries is lacking. This study quantifies and compares deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from dietary risks in these countries. Methods Data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2023 (GBD 2023) was used. Attributable disease burden from 15 dietary risks was analysed using the comparative risk assessment framework. Steps included: (1) estimating dietary intake; (2) assessing relative risks of dietary factors on disease endpoints; (3) determining theoretical minimum risk exposure levels (TMREL); and (4) estimating dietary risk-attributable disease burden as numbers and age-standardised rates (ASR) of deaths and DALYs. Findings Across the Nordic and Baltic countries (total population = 34,064,020), dietary risks resulted in 38,450 attributed deaths (95% uncertainty interval 10,749–59,386) and 735,284 DALYs (242,417–1,06,638) in 2023. Leading dietary risks included high intake of processed meat and low intake of fruits and whole grains. Dietary risks accounted for 24.9% of cardiovascular disease burden (5.0–37.6), 29.6% of diabetes and kidney disease burden (18.6–40.0), and 7.8% of neoplasm burden (2.9–12.1), with higher burden in the Baltic countries and Greenland than in the Nordic countries. Interpretation A substantial disease burden can be attributed to dietary risks in the Nordic and Baltic countries. Knowledge about the impact from unhealthy diet can inform targeted public health policies. Funding Gates Foundation and Norwegian Institute of Public Health.

• Arjmand, Elaheh Javadi; Thomassen, Lise Margrete; Druckrey-Fiskaaen, Karl Trygve; Furulund, Einar; Vold, Jørn Henrik & Madebo, Tesfaye [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). The effect of fruit smoothie supplementation on psychological distress and biomarkers among people with opioid dependence receiving opioid agonist therapy: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Medicine. 23. doi: 10.1186/s12916-025-04347-w. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Unhealthy diets are common among individuals with opioid dependence. While fruit- and vegetable-rich diets have shown mental health benefits, evidence is limited for those receiving opioid agonist therapy (OAT). This trial evaluated the effectiveness of fruit smoothie supplementation for people receiving OAT compared to standard treatment without fruit smoothie supplementation. In this multicenter randomized controlled trial (FruktBAR), 311 participants receiving OAT were randomized (5:3 intervention:control) to receive either a daily 250 ml fruit smoothie for 16 weeks in addition to standard OAT or standard OAT alone. The primary outcome was the difference between the arms in changes in psychological distress, measured by the ten-item Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL-10%) from baseline to the end of the intervention. The secondary outcomes included changes in fatigue symptoms, measured using the three-item Fatigue Severity Scale, physical fitness, measured by a 4-min step test, carotenoid and folate biomarkers. At baseline, 131 participants (70%) in the intervention arm and 91 (73%) in the control arm had a low intake of fruits and vegetables. In the intervention arm, the mean SCL-10% score at baseline was 43.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 40.4, 47.4), which was reduced to 41.6% (CI: 38.0, 5.1) at the end of the trial. In the control arm, the mean SCL-10% score was 43.6% at baseline (CI: 39.3, 48.0) and decreased to 41.5% (CI: 37.1, 45.8) at the end of the trial period. No significant difference in the change of psychological distress between the intervention and control arms was found (− 0.14%; CI: − 4.49, 2.22). Additionally, no changes were found between the intervention and control arms regarding fatigue symptoms, physical fitness, carotenoid, or folate biomarkers. The mean consumed fruit smoothies reported in the intervention arm was 3.9 bottles per week (SD 1.5).  Fruit smoothie supplementation over a 16-week period did not impact psychological distress, fatigue, physical fitness, carotenoids, or folate biomarkers among people receiving OAT. Although the smoothies were successfully delivered to the participants, our data indicates suboptimal adherence to the intervention rather than the lack of efficacy.  ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05229770. Registered on 08 February 2022.

• Selland, Mette; Rognli, Sylvia; Skaali, Tone Margrethe Olsbu; Blomhoff, Rune; Tjønnfjord, Geir Erland & Eriksen, Astrid M.A. [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Distress, problems and unmet rehabilitation needs after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for haematologic malignancies: A cross-sectional study. European Journal of Oncology Nursing. ISSN 1462-3889. 80, s. 1–6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2025.103083. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nordengen, Anne Lene; Krutto, Annika; Kværner, Ane Sørlie; Alavi, Dena Treider; Henriksen, Hege Berg & Kolle, Åshild [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Plant-based diet and oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in post-surgery colorectal cancer patients: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Free Radical Biology & Medicine. ISSN 0891-5849. 233, s. 240–249. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2025.03.047. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage may impact long-term outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. While bioactive compounds in plant foods have been linked to DNA protection, evidence among patients in remission remains limited. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a one-year personalized intensive dietary intervention on DNA damage in post-surgery, non-metastatic CRC patients. Participants were enrolled 2–9 months after surgery in the ongoing randomized controlled trial, Norwegian dietary guidelines and colorectal cancer survival (CRC-NORDIET). Eligible participants (aged 50–80 years, primary stage I-III CRC) were randomized to either a plant-based dietary intervention targeting oxidative stress and inflammation, or to a control group that received standard dietary advice as a part of routine cancer care. As a secondary analysis, this study included 156 participants (78 in the intervention group and 78 in the control group) from the total 503 patients enrolled in CRC-NORDIET study. DNA damage in peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs) was assessed using the enzyme-modified comet assay during a 12-month follow-up period. A significant intervention effect on DNA base oxidation from baseline to 12 months was observed (P = 0.04), representing a 32 % reduction in the intervention group compared to the control group. No significant effect on DNA strand breaks was found. In conclusion, adherence to a plant-based dietary pattern may reduce DNA base oxidation in post-surgery CRC patients.

• Henriksen, Hege Berg; Kolle, Åshild; Stenling, Andreas; Paur, Ingvild; Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud & Brøto, Pernille [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Spillover effect of a dietary intervention on physical activity in a randomized controlled trial with colorectal cancer patients. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 22, s. 1–13. doi: 10.1186/s12966-025-01757-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Randomized controlled studies (RCTs) targeting dietary changes may also lead to other, untargeted changes in lifestyle habits, as spillover effects. In particular, the isolated impact of the dietary intervention may be difficult to separate due to spillover effects from changes in physical activity and physical function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the spillover effect of a one-year dietary intervention in post-surgery colorectal cancer patients by comparing the changes in physical activity and physical function between the diet intervention Group and the control group in a randomized controlled trial, called the CRC-NORDIET study. Methods Men and women, aged 50–80 years were randomized into either the intervention group (n=240) or the control group (n=229). Both groups received similar incentives on physical activity. Activity sensors were used to collect data on physical activity at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Physical function was estimated by results from handgrip strength, 30 s sit-to-stand test and 6-min walking test. Anthropometric measurements and body composition were also measured. Results We found a significantly higher increase in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) of 0.18 h per day from baseline to 6 months in the diet intervention group compared to the control group, respectively. However, the spillover effect of the dietary intervention on physical activity diminished to 0.10 h per day at 12 months follow-up which was not statistically significantly different (p=0.24) from the control group. All measures of physical function increased in both groups from baseline to 6 months with no further increase at the 12-month follow-up. Conclusions The dietary intervention did not induce a significant spillover effect on physical activity after 12 months of baseline, which was the main timepoint of the intervention. Providing identical physical activity guidance to both study groups during the 12-month intensive dietary intervention period, ensured comparable levels of physical activity across both study groups. This approach facilitated the isolation and analysis of the dietary intervention’s effects on primary endpoints, as well as effects of behaviour interventions in secondary preventions, such as the CRCNORDIET study. Trial registration The study is registered on the National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials website (www.ClinicalTrials.gov; Identifier: NCT01570010)

• Dahlgren, Monica Linnea; Berstad, Paula Marianna; Henriksen, Hege Berg; Blomhoff, Rune & Kværner, Ane Sørlie (2025). Characterization of Nova-classified foods in a large cohort of Norwegian colorectal cancer screening participants. Norsk tidsskrift for ernæring (NTFE). ISSN 1503-5034. 23(1), s. 7–19. doi: 10.18261/ntfe.23.1.3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Epidemiological studies on Nova-classified ultra-processed foods (Nova 4) often rely on food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data without specifying the foods that fall into this category. We aimed to provide a detailed characterization of Nova-classified food intake relevant to the Norwegian context. Method: We applied the Nova classification system on FFQ data obtained from a large sample of Norwegian colorectal cancer screening participants (the CRCbiome study). The contribution of each Nova category (1–4) to the total diet was assessed, identifying the main food and beverage contributors within each group, both by weight (g/day) and as percentage of total energy intake (E%). Results: Nova categories 1, 2, 3, and 4 contributed 1633, 4, 329 and 562 g/day, respectively, accounting for 31, 1, 18 and 50% of total E%. Bread was the largest contributor to Nova 4, providing 19 E%. Other significant contributors included desserts and sweets (5 E%), processed meat (4 E%), processed fish (2 E%), margarine (2 E%), and dairy products (1 E%). For Nova categories 1, 2, and 3, the main contributors were fruits (4 E%), oils (1 E%), and cheese (5 E%), respectively. Although men had a slightly higher intake of Nova category 4 foods than women (51 vs. 47 E%), the overall distribution and within-group contributors were largely similar between sexes. Conclusion: Using FFQ data, as much as half of the energy intake of the present population was derived from ultra-processed foods. Bread was the predominant contributor to ultra-processed foods, far surpassing the other items.

• Gjelstad, Ingrid Merethe Fange; Lyckander, Christian; Høidalen, Anne; Bratland, Åse; Blomhoff, Rune & Paur, Ingvild [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Impact of radiotherapy on body weight in head and neck cancer patients: A prospective study. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. ISSN 2405-4577. 65, s. 390–399. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.12.019. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) undergoing radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy often experience symptoms that affect their ability to eat. This study aimed to explore the impact of radiotherapy on body weight in HNC patients and compare the characteristics of patients receiving enteral tube feeding with those maintaining an oral diet. Methods In this prospective study, 52 patients with HNC were examined at diagnosis, at the start and end of radiotherapy, and six weeks after end of treatment. The nutritional assessment included measurements of body weight, food intake, and malnutrition using Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Other variables were retrieved from the electronic patient record. Results Critical weight loss (defined as >5 % from start of radiotherapy) was present in 60 % of the patients at the end of radiotherapy, and only half of these patients received any enteral nutrition therapy. The mean weight loss was 5.8 % during radiotherapy, and an additional 2.1 % at follow-up (n = 48). A nasogastric feeding tube was used by 42 % at the end of radiotherapy, and 29 % at follow-up. The tube feeding users had a lower energy intake and higher weight loss than non-tube feeding users (22 vs 27 kcal/kg body weight, 7.8 vs 4.4 % weight loss) at the end of radiotherapy treatment. According to PG-SGA, 92 % of the patients were malnourished at the end of treatment and 71 % at follow-up (p < 0.001). Conclusion Critical weight loss and malnutrition were common in HNC patients after radiotherapy, and enteral tube feeding was initiated in only half of the cases with critical weight loss. Patients receiving enteral tube feeding may need closer monitoring to ensure adequate energy intake, and other treatment options may be necessary. These results emphasize the need for improved nutritional intervention during and after radiotherapy.

• Treider, Martin; Romandini, Elisa; Alavi, Dena Treider; Aghayan, Davit; Rasmussen, Margrethe Kallestad & Marchegiani, Giovanni [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Postoperative changes in body composition after laparoscopic and open resection of colorectal liver metastases: data from the randomized OSLO-COMET trial. Surgical Endoscopy. ISSN 0930-2794. 39, s. 2450–2457. doi: 10.1007/s00464-025-11613-8. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Low muscle mass is negatively associated with survival in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. Current evidence is limited regarding whether the surgical approach for liver resection of colorectal metastasis impacts postoperative changes in body composition and whether preoperative body composition can impact complication rate and survival. Method This study included patients previously included in the randomized OSLO-COMET trail where patients was allocated to laparoscopic or open liver resection for colorectal liver metastasis. CT scans 0–3 months before and 2–6 months after liver resection were segmented with the artificial intelligence-based tool BodySegAI to measure skeletal muscle mass (SM), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and inter- and intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT). SM, VAT and IMAT was compared between the open and laparoscopic group and as predictors for 5-year survival and postoperative complications. Results This study included 216 patients, median age was 67, 127 (59%) were male, 91 (42%) had primary tumor in rectum and 86 (40%) had multiple liver metastasis. There was no significant difference in postoperative change in SM, VAT or IMAT between those undergoing laparoscopy or open surgery. In multivariate analysis, high preoperative IMAT was a predictor for increased risk of postoperative complications (HR (95% CI): 1.045 (CI 95%: 1.003–1.089), p = 0.034). Moreover, postoperative increase in IMAT was a negative predictor for 5-year survival (HR (95%CI):1.009 (1.003–1.016), p = 0.003). Conclusion Postoperative change in body composition did not differ between patients randomly assigned to open or laparoscopic liver resection for colorectal metastasis. High preoperative IMAT was associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications.

• Mansoor, Mohammad Azam; Stea, Tonje Holte; Slettan, Audun; Perera, Erandie; Maddumage, Rimi & Kottahachi, Darshana [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in antioxidant-enzyme genes on the concentrations of folate, homocysteine and glutathione in plasma from healthy subjects after folic acid supplementation – a randomized controlled crossover trial. Genes & Nutrition. ISSN 1555-8932. 20. doi: 10.1186/s12263-024-00761-6. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background One-carbon metabolism links folate and methionine metabolism and this is essential for nucleotide synthesis in the cells. Alterations in one-carbon metabolism are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes and cancer. Our aim was to investigate whether SNPs in antioxidant-enzyme genes impact the concentrations of folate in serum (s-folate), plasma total homocysteine (p-tHcy) and total glutathione in plasma (p-tGSH) in healthy subjects after supplementation with folic acid. Methods In a randomized, double blind, crossover study, healthy subjects received 0.8 mg folic acid per day or a placebo for two weeks. Twenty-four male, and sixty-seven female subjects participated in this study. Participants were aged 36.4 ± 14.8 years (mean ± SD). We studied SNPs in six genes by PCR methods. The concentrations of s-folate, p-tHcy and p-tGSH were measured in fasting samples with Cobas and an HPLC-fluorescence method. Student T-tests and ANOVA were used for the statistical calculations. Main findings The subjects with SNP (rs4880) in superoxide dismutase (SOD2) gene (CC) allele had higher concentrations of s-folate and lower concentrations of p-tHcy than subjects with (CT + TT) alleles, (p = 0.014 and p = 0.012). Contrary to SOD2 (CC) allele, the subjects with SNP (rs1001179) catalase (CAT) CC allele had lower concentrations of s-folate (p = 0.029), higher concentrations of p-tGSH (0.017) and higher concentrations of p-tHcy before and after folic acid supplementations (p = 0.015, p = 0.017) than the subjects with (CT + TT) allele. Glutathione transferase (theta)1 (GST-T1) genotype was associated with higher concentrations of s-folate than GST-T0 before (p = 0.025) and after folic acid supplementation (p = 0.047). SNP (rs1050450) in glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) had also impact on the concentrations of p-tGSH (p = 0.011) in healthy subjects. Conclusion SNPs in SOD2 (rs4880), CAT (rs1001179), and GST1 impact the concentrations of s-folate, and p-tHcy in healthy subjects before and after folic acid supplementation. Our findings suggest that SNPs in antioxidant-genes have a role in health and disease by impacting the concentrations of s-folate, p-tHcy and p-tGSH.

• Benton, Tim G.; Harwatt, Helen; Høyer-Lund, Anne; Meltzer, Helle Margrete; Trolle, Ellen & Blomhoff, Rune (2024). An overview of approaches for assessing the environmental sustainability of diets – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 68. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10453. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Assessing the environmental impacts of food, food systems and diets is highly complex due to the multitude of processes involved, the uncertainty in assessment models, the variability in production systems and the large range of products available. No single assessment method alone can provide a complete evidence base. The increasing number of Life Cycle Assessment and food system analyses, and more recently the integration of planetary boundaries offer insights from which we can draw some robust high-level conclusions, whilst recognising there is a need for more detailed analysis to capture the inherent nuances of more location and context-specific situations. Despite the complexity of assessing the environmental sustainability of food, diets and food systems, there are a number of key considerations that could be used to guide this process, and in doing so, they help to increase utility of the outcomes and limit unintended adverse consequences. We identified five key considerations that can be applied (consider the thresholds, consider the system, consider the variables, consider the context and consider the spillover) to ensure assessments are comprehensive.

• Bøhn, Synne-Kristin Hoffart; Oldervoll, Line Merethe; Reinertsen, Kristin Valborg; Selland, Mette; Fosså, Alexander & Kiserud, Cecilie E. [Vis alle 17 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). The feasibility of a multidimensional intervention in lymphoma survivors with chronic fatigue. Supportive Care in Cancer. ISSN 0941-4355. 32(1). doi: 10.1007/s00520-023-08204-5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: Chronic fatigue (CF) affects 25–30% of lymphoma survivors, but interventions designed to reduce fatigue are lacking. The main aim of this study was to test the feasibility of a multidimensional intervention study in lymphoma survivors with CF. Secondary aims were to describe individual changes in fatigue, quality of life (QoL) and physical performance from pre (T0) to post (T1) intervention. Methods: This feasibility study was as a one-armed intervention study performed in 2021. Hodgkin or aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma survivors received mailed study information and Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire and were asked to respond if they suffered from fatigue. The 12-week intervention included patient education, physical exercise, a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)-based group program and nutritional counselling. Feasibility data included patient recruitment, completion of assessments, adherence to the intervention and patient-reported experience measures. Participants responded to questionnaires and underwent physical tests at T0 and T1. Results: Seven lymphoma survivors with CF were included. Of all assessments, 91% and 83% were completed at T0 and T1, respectively. Adherence to the interventional components varied from 69% to 91%. At T1, all participants rated exercise as useful, of whom five rated the CBT-based program and five rated individual nutritional counselling as useful. Five participants reported improved fatigue, QoL and physical performance. Conclusion: Lymphoma survivors with CF participating in a multidimensional intervention designed to reduce the level of fatigue showed high assessment completion rate and intervention adherence rate. Most of the participants evaluated the program as useful and improved their level of fatigue, QoL and physical performance after the intervention.

• Henriksen, Hege; Knudsen, Markus Dines; Hjartåker, Anette; Blomhoff, Rune & Carlsen, Monica Hauger (2024). Digital Food Frequency Questionnaire Assessing Adherence to the Norwegian Food-Based Dietary Guidelines and Other National Lifestyle Recommendations: Instrument Validation Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR). ISSN 1439-4456. 26. doi: 10.2196/53442. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Valid assessment tools are needed when investigating adherence to national dietary and lifestyle guidelines. Objective: The relative validity of the new digital food frequency questionnaire, the DIGIKOST-FFQ, against 7-day weighed food records and activity sensors was investigated. Methods: In total, 77 participants were included in the validation study and completed the DIGIKOST-FFQ and the weighed food record, and of these, 56 (73%) also used the activity sensors. The DIGIKOST-FFQ estimates the intake of foods according to the Norwegian food–based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) in addition to lifestyle factors. Results: At the group level, the DIGIKOST-FFQ showed good validity in estimating intakes according to the Norwegian FBDG. The median differences were small and well below portion sizes for all foods except “water” (median difference 230 g/day). The DIGIKOST-FFQ was able to rank individual intakes for all foods (r=0.2-0.7). However, ranking estimates of vegetable intakes should be interpreted with caution. Between 69% and 88% of the participants were classified into the same or adjacent quartile for foods and between 71% and 82% for different activity intensities. The Bland-Altman plots showed acceptable agreements between DIGIKOST-FFQ and the reference methods. The absolute amount of time in “moderate to vigorous intensity” was underestimated with the DIGIKOST-FFQ. However, estimated time in “moderate to vigorous intensity,” “vigorous intensity,” and “sedentary time” showed acceptable correlations and good agreement between the methods. The DIGIKOST-FFQ was able to identify adherence to the Norwegian FBDG and physical activity recommendations. Conclusions: The DIGIKOST-FFQ gave valid estimates of dietary intakes and was able to identify individuals with different degrees of adherence to the Norwegian FBDG and physical activity recommendations. Moderate physical activity was underreported, water was overreported, and vegetables showed poor correlation, which are important to consider when interpreting the data. Good agreement was observed between the methods in estimating dietary intakes and time in “moderate to vigorous physical activity,” “sedentary time,” and “sleep.”

• Harwatt, Helen; Benton, Tim G.; Bengtsson, Jan; Birgisdόttir, Bryndis Eva; Brown, Kerry Ann & Dooren, Corné Van [Vis alle 17 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Environmental sustainability of food production and consumption in the nordic and baltic region - a scoping review for nordic nutrition recommendations 2023. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 68. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10539. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This scoping review examines environmental impacts related to food production and consumption in Nordic and Baltic countries. The overarching advice to all Nordic and Baltic countries, in line with the current body of scientific literature, is to shift to a more plant based dietary pattern and avoid food waste. Taking into account current consumption patterns, there is a high potential and necessity to shift food consumption across the countries to minimize its environmental impact. More specifically, a substantial reduction in meat and dairy consumption and increased consumption of legumes/pulses, whole grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts and seeds is suggested as a priority intervention. Reducing the environmental impacts of seafoods is also key and suggestions include a shift to seafoods with lower environmental impacts such as seaweed and bivalves. As part of the suggested transition to a more plant-based diet, the scope for increasing the provision of plant-based foods through increasing the cultivation of legumes/pulses, vegetables and grains and through feed-to-food shifts within the region should be explored.

• Berg, Hedda Beate; Alavi, Dena Treider; Beichmann, Benedicte; Pesonen, Maiju; Henriksen, Christine & Paur, Ingvild [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). The choice of diagnostic modality influences the proportion of low muscle strength, low muscle mass, and sarcopenia in colorectal cancer patients. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. ISSN 2405-4577. 60, s. 17–23. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.01.001. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background and aims: Low muscle strength, low muscle mass, and sarcopenia have a negative impact on health outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Different diagnostic modalities are used to identify these conditions but it is unknown how well the modalities agree. The aim of this study was to compare different diagnostic modalities by means of calculating the proportion of low muscle strength, low muscle mass, and sarcopenia in CRC patients, and to investigate the agreement for sarcopenia between the various modalities. Methods: Men and women participating in the Norwegian Dietary Guidelines and colorectal cancer Survival (CRC-NORDIET) study were included in the analyses. Cut-off values for low muscle strength, low muscle mass, and sarcopenia were de ned according to the second consensus set by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2). The diagnostic modalities used to assess muscle strength were handgrip strength and the sit-to-stand test. For muscle mass, computed tomography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA), and single-frequency BIA (SF-BIA) were applied. Cohen's kappa was calculated to determine the agreement for low muscle strength and con rmed sarcopenia between diagnostic modalities. Results: Five hundred and three men and women (54 % men, mean age of 66 (range 50e80) years old) were included in the analysis. As much as 99 % (n¼ 70) of the population was identi ed with low muscle mass by MF-BIA, while the other modalities identi ed 9e49 % as having low muscle mass. Handgrip strength identi ed a lower proportion of low muscle strength as compared with the sit-to-stand test (4 % vs. 8 %). When applying various combinations of diagnostic modalities for low muscle strength and low muscle mass, the proportion of sarcopenia was found to be between 0.3 and 11.4 %. There was relatively poor agreement between the different diagnostic modalities with Cohen's Kappa ranging from 0.0 to 0.55, except for the agreement between SF-BIASergi and MF-BIASergi, which was 1. Conclusion: The proportion of low muscle strength, low muscle mass, and sarcopenia in CRC patients varied considerably depending on the diagnostic modalities used. Further studies are needed to provide modality-speci c cut-off values, adjusted to sex, age and body size.

• Nordengen, Anne Lene; Krutto, Annika; Kværner, Ane Sørlie; Alavi, Dena Treider; Henriksen, Hege & Smeland, Sigbjørn [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Attenuation of DNA base oxidation in post-surgery colorectal stage III patients at subsequent follow-ups. Free Radical Biology & Medicine. ISSN 0891-5849. 221, s. 75–80. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.05.029. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  DNA damage caused by oxidative reactions plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). In a previous cross-sectional study, CRC patients diagnosed with regional disease (stage III) exhibited a higher level of DNA base oxidation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) 2–9 months post-surgery compared to those with localized disease (stage I-II). To further explore this observation over time, the present study aimed to investigate DNA base oxidation in CRC patients with localized versus regional disease 6 and 12 months after the initial measurements. The present study included patients enrolled in the randomized controlled trial Norwegian Dietary Guidelines and Colorectal Cancer Survival (CRC-NORDIET). The standard comet assay, modified with the lesion-specific enzyme formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg), was applied to measure DNA base oxidation in PBMCs at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Of the 255 patients assessed at baseline, 156 were included at the 6-month follow-up, with 89 of these patients included in the 12-month follow-up. In contrast to our observation at baseline, there were no significant differences in the levels of DNA base oxidation between patients diagnosed with localized disease and those with regional involvement at the 6- and 12-month follow-up visits (P = 0.81 and P = 0.09, respectively). Patients with stage III disease exhibited a significant decrease in the levels of DNA base oxidation from baseline to 6 months (P < 0.01) and baseline to 12 months (P = 0.03), but no significant difference from 6 to 12 months (P = 0.80). In conclusion, the initially elevated levels of DNA base oxidation in PBMCs, observed 2–9 months post-surgery in patients diagnosed with regional disease (stage III), subsequently decreased to levels comparable to patients with localized disease (stage I-II) at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups.

• Olsen, Thomas; Christensen, Jacob Juel; Arnesen, Erik Kristoffer; Lysne, Vegard & Blomhoff, Rune (2024). Preparatory work for the update of the tolerable upper intake levels for vitamin A. EFSA Supporting publication. ISSN 2397-8325. doi: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2024.EN-8651. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nordengen, Anne Lene; Zheng, Congying; Krutto, Annika; Kværner, Ane Sørlie; Alavi, Dena Treider & Henriksen, Hege [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Effect of a personalized intensive dietary intervention on base excision repair (BER) in colorectal cancer patients: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Free Radical Biology & Medicine. ISSN 0891-5849. 218, s. 178–189. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.211. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  DNA repair is essential to maintain genomic integrity and may affect colorectal cancer (CRC) patients’ risk of secondary cancers, treatment efficiency, and susceptibility to various comorbidities. Bioactive compounds identified in plant food have the potential to modulate DNA repair mechanisms, but there is limited evidence of how dietary factors may affect DNA repair activity in CRC patients in remission after surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a 6 months personalized intensive dietary intervention on DNA repair activity in post-surgery CRC patients (stage I-III). The present study included patients from the randomized controlled trial CRC-NORDIET, enrolled 2-9 months after surgery. The intervention group received an intensive dietary intervention emphasizing a prudent diet with specific plant-based foods suggested to dampen inflammation and oxidative stress, while the control group received only standard care advice. The comet-based in vitro repair assay was applied to assess DNA repair activity, specifically base excision repair (BER), in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Statistical analyses were conducted using gamma generalized linear mixed models (Gamma GLMM). A total of 138 CRC patients were included, 72 from the intervention group and 66 from the control group. The BER activity in the intervention group did not change significantly compared to the control group. Our findings revealed a substantial range in both inter- and intra-individual levels of BER. In conclusion, the results do not support an effect of dietary intervention on BER activity in post-surgery CRC patients during a 6-month intervention period.

• Knudsen, Markus Dines; Carlsen, Monica Hauger; Hjartåker, Anette; Blomhoff, Rune & Henriksen, Hege (2024). Reproducibility and comparison of a digital food frequency questionnaire (DIGIKOST-FFQ) assessing adherence to national diet and lifestyle recommendations. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 68. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10366. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: We have developed a digital semi-quantitative food frequency and lifestyle questionnaire, the DIGIKOST-FFQ, based on the validated paper-based NORDIET-FFQ. Objective: The study aims to investigate the reproducibility of the DIGIKOST-FFQ and to compare the DIGIKOST-FFQ against the NORDIET-FFQ for the adjusted questions for intakes of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, meat, and dairy products. Design: Participants were recruited from May to September 2021 through a random sample from the National Population Register and advertisements on Facebook in Norway. In the reproducibility study, the DIGIKOST-FFQ was completed twice by the participants, 1–2 months apart. In the comparison study, the DIGIKOST-FFQ was completed 1–2 months prior to the NORDIET-FFQ. Results: In the reproducibility study, 317 individuals were included. For 12 out of 16 food groups there were no significant differences in intake estimations between the first and second DIGIKOST-FFQ administrations. A small but significant median difference was observed for fruits (6 g/day) and vegetables (24 g/day). Correlations were satisfactory for all items (r = 0.60–1.00), and in the cross-classification 85% of the participants were classified into the same or adjacent quartile for all items. The comparison study included 81 individuals. Compared to the NORDIET-FFQ a significant median difference was observed for fruits 29 g/day, vegetables 36 g/day, whole grains –10 g/day, and red meat –11 g/day, but not for fish, processed meat, or dairy products. Conclusion: The DIGIKOST-FFQ was able to reproduce diet and lifestyle at the group level. An intended difference for the food groups where questions had been adjusted, was observed between DIGIKOST-FFQ and NORDIET-FFQ in the comparison study.

• Hafskjold, Ingrid; Rangul, Vegar; Ringvoll, Hanne; Kolberg, Marit; Haug, Eirin Beate & Blomhoff, Rune [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Postpartum Lifestyle Behaviors among Women with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: Data from the HUNT Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 20(21). doi: 10.3390/ijerph20217025. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. Clinical guidelines for postpartum follow-up after HDP often recommend lifestyle counseling to reduce this risk. However, knowledge about lifestyle behaviors and perceptions among women with a history of HDP is limited. We linked data from the fourth survey of the population-based Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT4) with data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. The associations between HDP and postpartum lifestyle behaviors and perceptions were examined using multivariable logistic regression. In a secondary analysis, HUNT4 participants with a recent history of pre-eclampsia were compared with women with a recent history of pre-eclampsia participating in a postpartum pilot intervention study. Lifestyle behaviors and perceptions were self-reported and included diet (intake frequency of fruits, vegetables, meat, fish, and sugar-sweetened beverages), alcohol intake, physical activity, sleep, smoking, lifestyle satisfaction, and the importance of a healthy lifestyle. Among 7551 parous HUNT4 participants, 610 had a history of HDP. We found no differences in lifestyle behaviors between women with and without a history of HDP. However, women with HDP had higher odds of being unsatisfied with their lifestyle. Women with pre-eclampsia participating in a postpartum lifestyle intervention study tended to have a healthier lifestyle at baseline than women participating in HUNT4. Future studies should explore how lifestyle intervention programs could be adapted to the needs of women who have experienced HDP or other pregnancy complications that are associated with an increased risk of CVD.

• Henriksen, Hege Berg; Henriksen, Christine; Sousa, Ana Rita Sequeira de; Alavi, Dena Helene; Augestad, Elin Maria Sandstad & Rising, Russell [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Validity and reproducibility of a whole-room indirect calorimeter for the estimation of VO<inf>2</inf>, VCO<inf>2</inf>, and resting metabolic rate. Physiological Reports. 11(7). doi: 10.14814/phy2.15658. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Whole‐room indirect calorimeters (WRICs) provide accurate instruments for the measurement of respiratory exchange, energy expenditure, and macronutrient oxidation. Here, we aimed to determine the validity and reproducibility of a 7500 L WRIC for the measurement of ventilation rates and resting metabolic rate (RMR). Technical validation was performed with propane combustion tests ( n  = 10) whereas biological reproducibility was tested in healthy subjects (13 women, 6 men, mean ± SD age 39.6 ± 15.3) in two 60 min measurements separated by 24 h. Subjects followed a run‐in protocol prior to measurements. The coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated for ventilation rates of O2 (VO2), CO2 (VCO2), the respiratory quotient (RQ; VCO2/VO2), and RMR. Technical validation showed good validity with CVs ranging from 0.67% for VO 2 to 1.00% for energy expenditure. For biological reproducibility, CVs were 2.89% for VO 2 ; 2.67% for VCO 2 ; 1.95% for RQ; and 2.68% for RMR. With the exception of RQ (74%), ICCs were excellent for VO 2 (94%), VCO 2 (96%) and RMR (95%). Excluding participants that deviated from the run‐in protocol did not alter results. In conclusion, the 7500 L WRIC is technically valid and reproducible for ventilation rates and RMR.

• Horn, Julie; Kolberg, Marit; Rangul, Vegar; Magnussen, Elisabeth Balstad; Åsvold, Bjørn Olav & Henriksen, Hege Berg [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Feasibility of a Postpartum Web- and Phone-Based Lifestyle Program for Women with a History of Preeclampsia or Gestational Diabetes: A Pilot Intervention Study. Women's Health Reports. 4(1), s. 345–357. doi: 10.1089/whr.2023.0039. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Women with a history of preeclampsia (PE) or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. Increased awareness of pregnancy complications as early warning signs for CVD has called for postpartum primordial prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a postpartum web- and phone-based lifestyle program promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors to women after a pregnancy complicated by PE or GDM. Materials and Methods: Women with a validated history of PE or GDM were invited to participate in a nonrandomized pilot intervention study 3–12 months after delivery. The intervention was delivered over 6 months. All participants received tailored lifestyle counseling by a registered dietitian and access to information material on healthy lifestyle behaviors on the study's website. After inclusion, participants were invited to three study visits at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Feasibility outcomes included assessment of recruitment, retention, and acceptability. Secondary outcomes were changes in lifestyle behaviors and cardiovascular risk factors. Results: Of the 207 women invited, 44 were enrolled in the feasibility study and 40 women completed the intervention, corresponding to a recruitment rate of 21% and a retention rate of 91%. At the 3-month study visit, 94.6% of participants reported they had used the website. A total of 41.7% of the participants reported that they had achieved their personal goals during the intervention period. Conclusions: This study suggested the feasibility and potential acceptability of a web- and phone-based lifestyle intervention for mothers with recent PE or GDM.

• Western, Benedikte; Demmelmaier, Ingrid; Vistad, Ingvild; Hansen, Bjørge Hermann; Stenling, Andreas & Henriksen, Hege [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). How many days of continuous physical activity monitoring reliably represent time in different intensities in cancer survivors. PLOS ONE. 18(4). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284881. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Physical activity (PA) monitoring is applied in a growing number of studies within cancer research. However, no consensus exists on how many days PA should be monitored to obtain reliable estimates in the cancer population. The objective of the present study was to determine the minimum number of monitoring days required for reliable estimates of different PA intensities in cancer survivors when using a six-days protocol. Furthermore, reliability of monitoring days was assessed stratified on sex, age, cancer type, weight status, and educational level. Methods Data was obtained from two studies where PA was monitored for seven days using the SenseWear Armband Mini in a total of 984 cancer survivors diagnosed with breast, colorectal or prostate cancer. Participants with ≥22 hours monitor wear-time for six days were included in the reliability analysis (n = 736). The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Spearman Brown prophecy formula were used to assess the reliability of different number of monitoring days. Results For time in light PA, two monitoring days resulted in reliable estimates (ICC >0.80). Participants with BMI ≥25, low-medium education, colorectal cancer, or age ≥60 years required one additional monitoring day. For moderate and moderate-to-vigorous PA, three monitoring days yielded reliable estimates. Participants with BMI ≥25 or breast cancer required one additional monitoring day. Vigorous PA showed the largest within subject variations and reliable estimates were not obtained for the sample as a whole. However, reliable estimates were obtained for breast cancer survivors (4 days), females, BMI ≥30, and age <60 years (6 days). Conclusion Shorter monitoring periods may provide reliable estimates of PA levels in cancer survivors when monitored continuously with a wearable device. This could potentially lower the participant burden and allow for less exclusion of participants not adhering to longer protocols.

• Wouda, Matthijs Ferdinand; Slettahjell, Hanne Bjørg; Lundgaard, Eivind; Bastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah; Raastad, Truls & Blomhoff, Rune [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Acute changes in antioxidants and oxidative stress to vigorous arm exercise: an intervention trial in persons with spinal cord injury and healthy controls. Spinal Cord Series and Cases. 9. doi: 10.1038/s41394-023-00590-6. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Literature remains unclear on possible health benefits and risks assosciated with high intensity exercise for persons with SCI. Elevated oxidative stress levels might influence their ability to exercise at high intensity. We investigated several biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense at rest, during and after vigorous exercise among persons with chronic SCI. Setting: Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Norway. Methods: Six participants (five males) with chronic SCI (AIS A, injury level thoracic 2–8, >1 year postinjury) and six matched able-bodied controls performed two maximal arm-cranking tests, with one-three days in between. During the second exercise test, participants performed three bouts with four minutes arm cranking at high intensity (85–95% of peak heart rate (HRpeak)), before they reached maximal effort. Blood and urine biomarkers for oxidative stress and antioxidant levels were collected at six time points at the day of the second exercise test; baseline, at high intensity exercise, at maximal effort, at five, 30 and 60 min post-exercise, and 24 h post exercise. Results: Participants with SCI had significant lower levels of creatinine (∆16 µmol/L, p = 0.03), α-carotene (∆0.14 nmol/L, p ＜ 0.001) and β-carotene (∆0.51 nmol/L, p = 0.001) at baseline compared to controls. Urine and blood biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant levels showed similar response to vigorous exercise in the SCI and control group. Conclusions: SCI participants showed similar changes in redox status during high intensity exercise compared to matched able-bodied. SCI participants had lower levels of exogen antioxidants both before, during and after vigorous exercise.

• Ringvoll, Hanne; Kolberg, Marit; Rangul, Vegar; Hafskjold, Ingrid; Haug, Eirin Beate & Blomhoff, Rune [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Postpartum lifestyle behaviour among women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus: evidence from the HUNT study. BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health. 6(2). doi: 10.1136/bmjnph-2022-000612. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Introduction Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recommendations for postpartum follow-up include targeted lifestyle advice to lower the risk. The aim of this study was to compare postpartum lifestyle behaviours and perceptions among women with and without a history of GDM. In addition, we examined whether lifestyle behaviours of women with a history of GDM participating in a lifestyle intervention study differed from lifestyle behaviours of women with a history of GDM in the general population. Research design and methods We linked data from the fourth survey of the population-based Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT4) to information from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway for women with registered births between 2000 and 2019. Using logistic regression, we compared lifestyle behaviours in women with and without GDM. In secondary analyses, lifestyle behaviours in women with GDM participating in a postpartum lifestyle intervention study were compared with HUNT participants with GDM using Fisher’s exact tests/t-tests. Results A high proportion of the women in our population, regardless of GDM history, reported several unhealthy lifestyle behaviours. We found no significant association between history of GDM and lifestyle behaviours. The lifestyle intervention study for women with a history of GDM appeared to recruit women with more favourable lifestyle behaviours. Conclusions Women, regardless of GDM history, could potentially benefit from further support for lifestyle improvement, but it may be especially important in women with a history of GDM given their increased risk of T2DM and CVD. Interventions targeting women with GDM might not reach the women with the unhealthiest lifestyle behaviours, and measures to reach out to all women should be further investigated.

• Nordengen, Anne Lene; Kværner, Ane Sørlie; Krutto, Annika; Alavi, Dena Treider; Henriksen, Hege & Henriksen, Christine [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). DNA base oxidation in relation to TNM stages and chemotherapy treatment in colorectal cancer patients 2–9 months post-surgery. Free Radical Biology & Medicine. ISSN 0891-5849. 212, s. 174–185. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.12.016. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Accumulation of DNA damage is a critical feature of genomic instability, which is a hallmark of various cancers. The enzyme-modified comet assay is a recognized method to detect specific DNA lesions at the level of individual cells. In this cross-sectional investigation, we explore possible links between clinicopathological and treatment related factors, nutritional status, physical activity and function, and DNA damage in a cohort of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with non-metastatic disease. Levels of DNA damage in peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs) assessed 2–9 months post-surgery, were compared across tumour stage (localized (stage I-II) vs. regional (stage III) disease), localization (colon vs. rectosigmoid/rectum cancer), and adjuvant chemotherapy usage, with the last dosage administrated 2–191 days prior to sampling. Associations between DNA damage and indicators of nutritional status, physical activity and function were also explored. In PBMCs, DNA base oxidation was higher in patients diagnosed with regional compared with localized tumours (P = 0.03), but no difference was seen for DNA strand breaks (P > 0.05). Number of days since last chemotherapy dosage was negatively associated with DNA base oxidation (P ＜ 0.05). In conclusion, DNA base oxidation measured with the enzyme-modified comet assay varies according to tumour and lifestyle related factors in CRC patients treated for non-metastatic disease.

• Skaali, Tone Margrethe Olsbu; Blomhoff, Rune; Lindemann, Kristina Yvonne Kathe; Smeland, Sigbjørn; Bruheim, Kjersti & Selland, Mette [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Self-reported distress and problems after treatment for gynecological cancer – Correlation between a short screening tool and longer measures of anxiety/depression and health-related quality of life. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6349. doi: 10.1111/aogs.14709. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Introduction The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) distress thermometer and problem list (DTPL) is a brief self‐report screening measure for use in follow‐up cancer care. The aims of this study were to explore the correlations between scores on the DTPL and scores on longer measures of anxiety/depression and health‐related quality of life among women treated for gynecological cancer, and to define a cutoff score on the DT representing high levels of psychological distress in this patient group. Material and methods During outpatient visits, 144 women filled in the DTPL, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the RAND‐36‐Item Short Form Health Survey (RAND‐36) between October 2019 and March 2020. We assessed the agreement between the DT‐scores and the HADS scores, explored variables associated with high levels of distress on the DT, and studied the associations between DTPL‐scores and scores of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) from RAND‐36. Results In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis between the distress score from the DT and a HADS total score ≥15 (defining high levels of anxiety/depression symptoms), the area under the curve was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.74–0.89). Using a cutoff of ≥5 on the DT (scale 0–10), we found a balanced level of sensitivity (81%) and specificity (71%) towards a HADS total score of ≥15. The scores of distress and problems reported on the DTPL correlated significantly with the majority of HRQoL function scales from RAND‐36. Conclusions The NCCN DTPL can be used as a screening measure for self‐reported distress and problems after treatment for gynecological cancer. A score of ≥5 on DT may indicate high level of anxiety/depression as measured by HADS. The tool may help identify patients in need of referral to supportive care and rehabilitation facilities.

• Alavi, Dena Treider; Henriksen, Hege Berg; Lauritzen, Peter Mæhre; Zucknick, Manuela; Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud & Henriksen, Christine [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Effect of a one-year personalized intensive dietary intervention on body composition in colorectal cancer patients: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. ISSN 2405-4577. 57, s. 414–422. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.06.037. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background & aims Changes in body composition may affect colorectal cancer (CRC) patient's risk of cancer recurrence, secondary cancer, and other chronic diseases. The suggested interventions for changes in body composition such as low muscle mass or high fat mass, are diet and physical activity. Nevertheless, there is limited evidence of how dietary intervention alone can impact body composition. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a 6 and 12 month dietary intervention with a focus on healthy eating according to Norwegian food-based dietary guidelines on weight and body composition in patients with CRC stage I-III, post-surgery.<p> <p>Methods This study included participants from the randomized controlled trial CRC-NORDIET study 2–9 months after surgery. The intervention group received an intensive dietary intervention, while the control group underwent similar measurements, but no dietary intervention. Body composition was measured with Lunar iDXA, and the results were analyzed using linear mixed models. <p>Results A total of 383 participants were included, 192 in the intervention group and 191 in the control group. After 6 months, the intervention group showed a 0.7 kg lower mean weight gain (p = 0.020) and 0.6 kg lower fat mass gain (p = 0.019) than the control group, but no difference at 12 months. Moreover, the fat mass increase was 0.5 percentage points lower at 6 months (p = 0.012), and 0.7 percentage points lower at 12 months (p = 0.011) in the intervention group compared to the controls. At 6 months, the intervention group had 63 g lower gain of visceral adipose tissue compared to the control group (p = 0.031). No differences were seen for fat-free mass or subcutaneous adipose tissue at any time point. The intervention group showed a lower increase in the ratio between fat mass and fat-free mass at both 6 months (p = 0.025) and 12 months (p = 0.021). <p>Conclusion The dietary intervention reduced the increases in total weight and fat masses, without changing fat-free mass. Although the individual changes are small, the dietary intervention may have resulted in an overall more favourable body composition profile. These findings suggest that dietary intervention may be part of a treatment strategy for prevention of weight and fat mass gain in CRC survivors.

• Christensen, Jacob J.; Arnesen, Erik Kristoffer; Rundblad, Amanda; Telle-Hansen, Vibeke; Narverud, Ingunn & Blomhoff, Rune [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Dietary fat quality, plasma atherogenic lipoproteins, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: An overview of the rationale for dietary recommendations for fat intake. Atherosclerosis. ISSN 0021-9150. 389. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117433. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The scientific evidence supporting the current dietary recommendations for fat quality keeps accumulating; however, a paradoxical distrust has taken root among many researchers, clinicians, and in parts of the general public. One explanation for this distrust may relate to an incomplete overview of the totality of the evidence for the link between fat quality as a dietary exposure, and health outcomes such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Therefore, the main aim of the present narrative review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the rationale for dietary recommendations for fat intake, limiting our discussion to ASCVD as outcome. Herein, we provide a core framework – a causal model – that can help us understand the evidence that has accumulated to date, and that can help us understand new evidence that may become available in the future. The causal model for fat quality and ASCVD is comprised of three key research questions (RQs), each of which determine which scientific methods are most appropriate to use, and thereby which lines of evidence that should feed into the causal model. First, we discuss the link between low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles and ASCVD (RQ1); we draw especially on evidence from genetic studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), epidemiology, and mechanistic studies. Second, we explain the link between dietary fat quality and LDL particles (RQ2); we draw especially on metabolic ward studies, controlled trials (randomized and non-randomized), and mechanistic studies. Third, we explain the link between dietary fat quality, LDL particles, and ASCVD (RQ3); we draw especially on RCTs in animals and humans, epidemiology, population-based changes, and experiments of nature. Additionally, the distrust over dietary recommendations for fat quality may partly relate to an unclear understanding of the scientific method, especially as applied in nutrition research, including the process of developing dietary guidelines. We therefore also aimed to clarify this process. We discuss how we assess causality in nutrition research, and how we progress from scientific evidence to providing dietary recommendations.

• Kværner, Ane Sørlie; Andersen, Astrid Riseth; Henriksen, Hege Berg; Knudsen, Markus Dines; Johansen, Anne Marte Wetting & Hjartåker, Anette [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Associations of the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) cancer prevention recommendations with stages of colorectal carcinogenesis. Cancer Medicine. 12(13), s. 14806–14819. doi: 10.1002/cam4.6119. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: While adherence to cancer prevention recommendations is linked to lower risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), few have studied associations across the entire spectrum of colorectal carcinogenesis. Here, we studied the relationship of the standardized 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Score for cancer prevention recommendations with detection of colorectal lesions in a screening setting. As a secondary objective, we examined to what extent the recommendations were being followed in an external cohort of CRC patients. Methods: Adherence to the seven-point 2018 WCRF/AICR Score was measured in screening participants receiving a positive fecal immunochemical test and in CRC patients participating in an intervention study. Dietary intake, body fatness and physical activity were assessed using self-administered questionnaires. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for screen-detected lesions. Results: Of 1486 screening participants, 548 were free from adenomas, 524 had non-advanced adenomas, 349 had advanced lesions and 65 had CRC. Adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR Score was inversely associated with advanced lesions; OR 0.82 (95% CI 0.71, 0.94) per score point, but not with CRC. Of the seven individual components included in the score, alcohol, and BMI seemed to be the most influential. Of the 430 CRC patients included in the external cohort, the greatest potential for lifestyle improvement was seen for the recommendations concerning alcohol and red and processed meat, where 10% and 2% fully adhered, respectively. Conclusions: Adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR Score was associated with lower probability of screen-detected advanced precancerous lesions, but not CRC. Although some components of the score seemed to be more influential than others (i.e., alcohol and BMI), taking a holistic approach to cancer prevention is likely the best way to prevent the occurrence of precancerous colorectal lesions.

• Henriksen, Hege Berg; Berg, Hedda Beate; Andersen, Lene Frost; Weedon-Fekjær, Harald & Blomhoff, Rune (2023). Development of the Norwegian diet index and the Norwegian lifestyle index and evaluation in a national survey. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 67. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v67.9217. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Dietary and lifestyle indices are composite tools that are used to estimate risk of health outcomes. Objective: We aimed to develop a diet and a lifestyle index assessing adherence to the national guidelines in Norway, and to investigate adherence in a nationwide survey of healthy subjects (Norkost3). Design: Cut-off values for the indices were based on the Norwegian food based dietary guidelines and national lifestyle guidelines. Adherence was evaluated in the Norkost3 (n = 1,787). Results: Twelve dietary components were included in the diet index 1) fruit and berries, 2) vegetables, 3) whole grains, 4) unsalted nuts, 5) fish, 6) low-fat dairy products, 7) margarine/oils, 8) red meat, 9) processed meat, 10) foods rich in sugar and fat, 11) drinks with added sugar, and 12) dietary supplements. Each of the components was assigned a value of 0, 0.5 or 1 corresponding to low, intermediate and high adherence, except for plant-based foods, which were assigned a value of 0, 1.5 or 3, providing a composite diet index ranging from 0 to 20 points. The five components in the lifestyle index (i.e. diet, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, tobacco and alcohol) was assigned a value of 0, 0.5 or 1, giving a final score ranging from zero to five points. In Norkost3, 49% (95% CI: 47, 52) of the participants had low adherence to the diet component, whereas only 2% (95% CI: 2, 3) achieved high adherence, although most of the subjects had high educational level. High adherence to the recommendations of BMI, tobacco and alcohol intake was observed in 50% (95% CI: 47, 52), 72% (95% CI: 70, 74) and 68% (95% CI: 66, 70) of the participants, respectively. Due to the lack of data on physical activity, adherence to this component in the lifestyle index is not presented in this study. Conclusion: The new diet and lifestyle indices assess adherence to the Norwegian food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) and other national lifestyle guidelines. In this study, half of the subjects had low diet and lifestyle index scores. There is a need to implement interventions to improve this by focusing on the specific lifestyle components with low adherence.

• Alavi, Dena Helene; Sakinis, Tomas; Henriksen, Hege; Beichmann, Benedicte; Fløtten, Ann-Monica & Blomhoff, Rune [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Body composition assessment by artificial intelligence from routine computed tomography scans in colorectal cancer: Introducing BodySegAI. JCSM Clinical Reports. 7, s. 55–64. doi: 10.1002/crt2.53. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Body composition is of clinical importance in colorectal cancer patients, but is rarely assessed because of time-consuming manual segmentation. We developed and tested BodySegAI, a deep learning-based software for automated body composition quantification from routinely acquired computed tomography (CT) scans. Methods A two-dimensional U-Net convolutional network was trained on 2989 abdominal CT slices from L2 to S1 to segment skeletal muscle (SM), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and intermuscular and intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT). Human ground truth was established by combining segmentations from three human readers. BodySegAI was tested using 154 slices against the human ground truth and compared with a software named AutoMATiCA. Results Median Dice scores for BodySegAI against human ground truth were 0.969, 0.814, 0.986, and 0.990 for SM, IMAT, VAT, and SAT, respectively. The mean differences per slice for SM were −0.09 cm3, IMAT: −0.17 cm3, VAT: −0.12 cm3, and SAT: 0.67 cm3. Median absolute errors for SM, IMAT, VAT, and SAT were 1.35, 10.54, 0.91, and 1.07%, respectively. When analysing different anatomical levels separately, L3 and S1 demonstrated the overall highest and lowest Dice scores, respectively. On average, BodySegAI segmented 148 times faster than human readers (4.9 vs. 726.5 seconds, P < 0.001). Also, BodySegAI presented higher Dice scores for SM, IMAT, SAT, and VAT than AutoMATiCA (slices = 154). Conclusions BodySegAI rapidly generates excellent segmentation of SM, VAT, and SAT and good segmentation of IMAT in L2 to S1 among colorectal cancer patients and may replace semi-manual segmentation.

• Henriksen, Hege; Knudsen, Markus Dines; Carlsen, Monica Hauger; Hjartåker, Anette & Blomhoff, Rune (2022). A Short Digital Food Frequency Questionnaire (DIGIKOST-FFQ) Assessing Dietary Intake and Other Lifestyle Factors Among Norwegians: Qualitative Evaluation With Focus Group Interviews and Usability Testing. JMIR Formative Research. 6(11). doi: 10.2196/35933. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background In-person dietary counseling and interventions have shown promising results in changing habits toward healthier lifestyles, but they are costly to implement in large populations. Developing digital tools to assess individual dietary intake and lifestyle with integrated personalized feedback systems may help overcome this challenge. We developed a short digital food frequency questionnaire, known as the DIGIKOST-FFQ, to assess diet and other lifestyle factors based on the Norwegian Food-Based Dietary Guidelines. The DIGIKOST-FFQ includes a personalized feedback system, the DIGIKOST report, that benchmarks diet and lifestyle habits. We used qualitative focus group interviews and usability tests to test the feasibility and usability of the DIGIKOST application. Objective We aimed to explore attitudes, perceptions, and challenges in completing the DIGIKOST-FFQ. We also investigated perceptions and understanding of the personalized feedback in the DIGIKOST report and the technical flow and usability of the DIGIKOST-FFQ and the DIGIKOST report. Methods Healthy individuals and cancer survivors were invited to participate in the focus group interviews. The transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Another group of healthy individuals completed the usability testing, which was administered individually by a moderator and 2 observers. The results were analyzed based on predefined assignments and discussion with the participants about the interpretation of the DIGIKOST report and technical flow of the DIGIKOST-FFQ. Results A total of 20 individuals participated in the focus group interviews, divided into 3 groups of healthy individuals and 3 groups of cancer survivors. Each group consisted of 3 to 4 individuals. Five main themes were investigated: (1) completion time (on average 19.1, SD 8.3, minutes, an acceptable duration), (2) layout (participants reported the DIGIKOST-FFQ was easy to navigate and had clear questions but presented challenges in reporting dietary intake, sedentary time, and physical activity in the last year), (3) questions (the introductory questions on habitual intake worked well), (4) pictures (the pictures were very helpful, but some portion sizes were difficult to differentiate and adding weight in grams would have been helpful), and (5) motivation (users were motivated to obtain personalized feedback). Four individuals participated in the usability testing. The results showed that the users could seamlessly log in, give consent, fill in the DIGIKOST-FFQ, and receive, print, and read the DIGIKOST report. However, parts of the report were perceived as difficult to interpret. Conclusions The DIGIKOST-FFQ was overall well received by participants, who found it feasible to use; however, some adjustments with regard to reporting dietary intake and lifestyle habits were suggested. The DIGIKOST report with personalized feedback was the main motivation to complete the questionnaire. The results from the usability testing revealed a need for adjustments and updates to make the report easier to read.

• Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud; Myhrstad, Mari; Thoresen, Magne; Erlund, Iris; Vasstrand, Ann Kristin & Marciuch, Anne [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Bilberry/red grape juice decreases plasma biomarkers of inflammation and tissue damage in aged men with subjective memory impairment –a randomized clinical trial. BMC Nutrition. 7(75). doi: 10.1186/s40795-021-00482-8. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Few randomized clinical trials have explored the health effects of bilberries in humans. The aim was to test the effect of bilberry and red grape-juice consumption on visual memory, motor speed and dexterity as well as inflammatory and tissue damage biomarkers of plasma in aged men with subjective memory impairment. Methods: Nine-week double-blind, placebo-controlled, dietary intervention study of aged men (n = 60, age ≥ 67 years) with subjective memory impairment randomized to consume a 50/50 mix of bilberry/red grape-juice or an iso-caloric placebo juice. A selection of Cambridge Cognition Test Battery (CANTAB), Grooved Pegboard tests and blood-sampling for biomarker analysis were performed before and after the intervention. Results: Compared to placebo the selected memory and motor test scores were un-affected by the bilberry/red grape intervention. However, the plasma levels of tissue damage biomarkers decreased significantly more in the bilberry/red grape group. In particular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) decreased from 362 U/L (median, baseline) to 346 U/L (median, post intervention) in the bilberry/red grape group. Also, several biomarkers of inflammation (EGF, IL6, IL9, IL10 and TNFα) decreased significantly more in the bilberry/red grape group. Furthermore, several plasma polyphenols; p-coumaric acid, hippuric acid, protocatechuic acid, 3HPAA and vanillic acid, increased significantly more in the bilberry/red grape group compared to placebo with the largest increase in p-coumaric acid with 116%; from 2.2 [1.0,5.5] to 4.7 [2.8,8.1] μM/L (median [95% CL]). Conclusions: The results indicate that a nine-week bilberry/red grape juice intervention has no measurable effects on the selected memory scores in aged men experiencing memory problems but decreases the level of biomarkers of inflammation and tissue damage. Whether the dampening effects on inflammation and tissue damage biomarkers have relevance for neuroinflammatory brain pathology remains to be established.

• Høyer, Anne; Christensen, Jacob J.; Arnesen, Erik Kristoffer; Andersen, Rikke; Eneroth, Hanna & Erkkola, Maijaliisa [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). The Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2022 – prioritisation of topics for de novo systematic reviews. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 65. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v65.7828. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Henriksen, Hege; Alavi, Dena Helene & Blomhoff, Rune (2021). Precision of Lunar Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (iDXA) in measuring body composition among colorectal cancer patients and healthy subjects. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. ISSN 2405-4577. 44, s. 316–323. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.05.025. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background & aims High quality and precise methods are needed when monitoring changes in body composition among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to estimate precision of the Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Lunar iDXA, GE Healthcare software enCORE version 16) in measuring body composition in CRC patients and healthy subjects. Methods Precision error of iDXA in measuring body composition was investigated in the current study. Thirty CRC patients and 30 healthy subjects, including both men and women underwent two consecutive whole-body DXA scan with repositioning. Precision estimates of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in the abdominal region, and total fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), lean mass (LM), bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were calculated. Results Precision error expressed as coefficient of variation (% CV) of VAT and SAT were estimated to be 3.56% and 3.28% among CRC patients, and 5.30% and 3.46% among healthy subjects. Estimated precision errors for body masses in the total region ranged between 0.49-1.01% and 0.40–0.88% in CRC patients and healthy subjects, respectively. Least significant change (LSC) in VAT mass, SAT mass, FM and LM were 140.9 g, 121.4 g, 637.0 g and 701.0 g, respectively, among CRC patients. Among healthy subjects the LSC in VAT, SAT, FM and LM were 80.93 g, 98.90 g, 484.0 g and 618.0 g, respectively. Only minor and non-significant differences between the two consecutive measurements for each body compartment were observed within both populations, and we found no systematic bias in the distribution of the differences. Conclusion The Lunar iDXA demonstrated high precision in body composition measurements among both CRC patients and healthy subjects. Hence, iDXA is a useful tool in clinical following-up and interventions targeted towards changes in body composition.

• Henriksen, Christine; Paur, Ingvild; Pedersen, Astrid; Kværner, Ane Sørlie; Ræder, Hanna & Henriksen, Hege [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Agreement between GLIM and PG-SGA for diagnosis of malnutrition depends on the screening tool used in GLIM. Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0261-5614. 41(2), s. 329–336. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.024. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background & aim The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) has suggested a process for the diagnosis of malnutrition. The process consists of applying an existing screening tool for malnutrition screening, followed by malnutrition diagnostics, and finally categorization of malnutrition severity (moderate or severe) according to specific GLIM criteria. However, it is not known how well the GLIM process agrees with other diagnostic tools used in the current clinical practice. The aim of this study was to validate the GLIM process against the Patient Generated-Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) when different screening tools were applied in the screening step of the GLIM process. Methods Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients from the ongoing CRC-NORDIET study were included. For the GLIM process, the patients were first screened for malnutrition using either 1) Nutritional risk screening, first 4 questions (NRS-2002-4Q), 2) Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), 3) Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) or 4) the PG-SGA short form (PG-SGA-SF). The GLIM malnutrition diagnosis was then based on combining the result from each of the screening methods with the etiological and phenotypic GLIM-criteria including weight loss, BMI and fat free mass. In parallel, the patients were diagnosed using the PG-SGA methodology categorizing the patients into either A: well nourished, B: moderately malnourished or C: severely malnourished. The four different GLIM based diagnoses were then validated against the diagnosis obtained by the PG-SGA tool. Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated to evaluate validity. Results In total, 426 patients were included (mean age: 66, ±8 years) at a mean time of 166 (±56) days after surgery. The GLIM diagnosis based on the four different screening tools identified 10–24% of the patients to be malnourished, of which 3–8% were severely malnourished. The PG-SGA method categorized 15% as moderately malnourished (PG-SGA: category B) and no patients as severely malnourished (PG-SGA: category C). The agreement between the PG-SGA and GLIM process was in general low, but differed according to the tools: PG-SGA SF (sensitivity 47%, PPV 71%), MST (sensitivity 56%, PPV 47%), NRS-2002-4Q (sensitivity 63%, PPV 53%) and MUST (sensitivity 53%, PPV 34%). Conclusion In this cross-sectional study of patients with CRC, the concordance between the GLIM-criteria and PG-SGA depended on the screening tool used in the GLIM process. Malnutrition frequency based on the GLIM process schould be reported with and without the use of a screening tool.

• Selland, Mette; Skrede, Katrine; Lindemann, Kristina Yvonne Kathe; Skaali, Tone Margrethe Olsbu; Blomhoff, Rune & Bruheim, Kjersti [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Distress, problems and unmet rehabilitation needs after treatment for gynecological cancer. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6349. doi: 10.1111/aogs.14310. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Introduction - The prevalence of distress, problems and need for rehabilitation among women treated for gynecological cancer is largely unknown. The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of distress, problems and unmet rehabilitation needs in the first years after treatment for gynecological cancer.<p> <p>Material and methods - Women treated for gynecological cancer within the last 2 years were invited. Participants responded to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer and Problem List measuring distress and problems. They also answered a questionnaire regarding physical endurance, muscle strength, and need for rehabilitation services.<p> <p>Results - Of 114 eligible women, 92 (81%) agreed to participate. Mean time since last treatment was 7.6 months (range 0–24.5 months). A total of 57% of the participants reported distress. The four most common problems reported were fatigue (58%), tingling in hands/feet (54%), worry (53%), and problems with memory/concentration (50%). Problems associated with distress were: dealing with partner, all emotional problems (i.e. depression, fears, nervousness, sadness, worry, and loss of interest in usual activities), appearance, memory/concentration, pain, sex, sleep, and problems with physical endurance and muscle strength. Fifty-two per cent reported unmet needs for rehabilitation services. Women with distress reported more unmet rehabilitation needs than those in the non-distressed group.<p> <p>Conclusions - The prevalence of distress in this population of women treated for gynecological cancer was high. Having a high number of problems and having unmet needs for rehabilitation services were both associated with distress. Hence, measurement of distress seems to be helpful when assessing the need for rehabilitation services.

• Larsen, Sunniva Veen; Holven, Kirsten B.; Christensen, Jacob J.; Flatberg, Arnar; Rundblad, Amanda & Leder, Lena [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Replacing Saturated Fat with Polyunsaturated Fat Modulates Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Gene Expression and Pathways Related to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Using a Whole Transcriptome Approach. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. ISSN 1613-4125. 65(24). doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202100633. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The aim of this study is to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of replacing dietary saturated fat (SFA) with polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk using a whole transcriptome approach. Methods and Results Healthy subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia (n = 115) are randomly assigned to a control diet (C-diet) group or an experimental diet (Ex-diet) group receiving comparable food items with different fatty acid composition for 8 weeks. RNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention is analyzed by microarray technology (n = 95). By use of a linear regression model (n = 92), 14 gene transcripts are differentially altered in the Ex-diet group compared to the C-diet group. These include transcripts related to vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, low-density lipoprotein receptor folding, and regulation of blood pressure. Furthermore, pathways mainly related to immune response and inflammation, signal transduction, development, and cytoskeleton remodeling, gene expression and protein function, are differentially enriched between the groups. Conclusion Replacing dietary SFA with PUFA for 8 weeks modulates PBMC gene expression and pathways related to CVD risk in healthy subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia.

• Carlsen, Harald; Ebihara, Kanae; Kuwata, Nobuyo H.; Kuwata, Kazuhisa; Aydemir, Gamze & Rühl, Ralph [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). A transgenic reporter mouse model for in vivo assessment of retinoic acid receptor transcriptional activation. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research. ISSN 0300-9831. doi: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000705. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract. Background: Vitamin A is essential for a wide range of life processes throughout embryogenesis to adult life. With the aim of developing an in vivo model to monitor retinoic acid receptor (RAR) transactivation real-time in intact animals, we generated transgenic mice carrying a luciferase (luc) reporter gene under the control of retinoic acid response elements (RAREs) consisting of three copies of a direct repeat with five spacing nucleotides (DR5). Methods: Transgenic mice carrying a RARE dependent luciferase reporter flanked with insulator sequence were generated by pronuclear injection. RARE dependent luciferase activity was detected by in vivo imaging or in tissue extracts following manipulations with RAR/retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonists, RAR antagonists or in vitamin A deficient mice. Results: We found a strong induction of luciferase activity in a time and dose dependent manner by retinoic acid as well as RAR agonists, but not by the RXR agonist (using n=4–6 per group; 94 mice). In addition, luciferase activity was strongly reduced in vitamin A-deficient mice (n=6–9; 30 mice). These observations confirm that luciferase activity was controlled by RAR activation in the RARE-luc mouse. Luciferase activity was detectable in various organs, with high activity especially in brain and testis, indicating strong retinoid signalling in these tissues. Conclusion: The RARE-luc transgenic mice, which enabled real-time in vivo assessment of RAR activation, will be useful in understanding the normal physiology of vitamin A, the role of retinoid signalling in pathologies as well as to evaluate pharmacological ligands for RARs.

• Alavi, Dena Helene; Henriksen, Hege; Lauritzen, Peter Mæhre; Kværner, Ane Sørlie; Sakinis, Tomas & Langleite, Torgrim Mikal [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Quantification of adipose tissues by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and Computed Tomography in colorectal cancer patients. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. ISSN 2405-4577. 43, s. 360–368. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.03.022. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background & aims Excess adipose tissue may affect colorectal cancer (CRC) patients' disease progression and treatment. In contrast to the commonly used anthropometric measurements, Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and Computed Tomography (CT) can differentiate adipose tissues. However, these modalities are rarely used in the clinic despite providing high-quality estimates. This study aimed to compare DXA's measurement of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and fat mass (FM) against a corresponding volume by CT in a CRC population. Secondly, we aimed to identify the best single lumbar CT slice for abdominal VAT. Lastly, we investigated the associations between anthropometric measurements and VAT estimated by DXA and CT. Methods Non-metastatic CRC patients between 50-80 years from the ongoing randomized controlled trial CRC-NORDIET were included in this cross-sectional study. Corresponding abdominal volumes were acquired by Lunar iDXA and from clinically acquired CT examinations. Also, single CT slices at L2-, L3-and L4-level were obtained. Agreement between the methods was investigated using univariate linear regression and Bland–Altman plots. Results Sixty-six CRC patients were included. Abdominal volumetric VAT and FM measured by DXA explained up to 91% and 96% of the variance in VAT and FM by CT, respectively. Bland–Altman plots demonstrated an overestimation of VAT by DXA compared to CT (mean difference of 76 cm3) concurrent with an underestimation of FM (mean difference of −319 cm3). A higher overestimation of VAT (p = 0.015) and underestimation of FM (p = 0.036) were observed in obese relative to normal weight subjects. VAT in a single slice at L3-level showed the highest explained variance against CT volume (R2 = 0.97), but a combination of three slices (L2, L3, L4) explained a significantly higher variance than L3 alone (R2 = 0.98, p < 0.006). The anthropometric measurements explained between 31-65% of the variance of volumetric VAT measured by DXA and CT. Conclusions DXA and the combined use of three CT slices (L2-L4) are valid to predict abdominal volumetric VAT and FM in CRC patients when using volumetric CT as a reference method. Due to the poor performance of anthropometric measurements we recommend exploring the added value of advanced body composition by DXA and CT integrated into CRC care.

• Arnesen, Erik Kristoffer; Christensen, Jacob Juel; Andersen, Rikke; Eneroth, Hanna; Erkkola, Maijaliisa & Høyer, Anne [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). The Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2022 – structure and rationale of qualified systematic reviews. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 64, s. 1–11. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v64.4403. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Qualified systematic reviews (SRs) will form the main basis for evaluating causal effects of nutrients or food groups on health outcomes in the sixth edition of Nordic Nutrition Recommendations to be published in 2022 (NNR2022). Objective: To describe rationale and structure of SRs used in NNR2022. Design: The SR methodologies of the previous edition of NNR were used as a starting point. Methodologies of recent SRs commissioned by leading national food and health authorities or international food and health organizations were examined and scrutinized. Methodologies for developing SRs were agreed by the NNR2022 Committee in a consensus-driven process. Results: Qualified SRs will be developed by a cross-disciplinary group of experts and reported according to the requirements of the EQUATOR network. A number of additional requirements must also be fulfilled, including 1) a clearly stated set of objectives and research questions with pre-defined eligibility criteria for the studies, 2) an explicit, reproducible methodology, 3) a systematic search that attempts to identify all studies that would meet the eligibility criteria, 4) an assessment of the validity of the findings of the included studies through an assessment of ‘risk of bias’ of the studies, 5) a systematic presentation and synthesis of the characteristics and findings of the included studies, and 6) a grading of the overall evidence. The complete definition and requirements of a qualified SR are described. Discussion: Most SRs published in scientific journals do not fulfill all criteria of the qualified SRs in the NNR2022 project. This article discusses the structure and rationale for requirements of qualified SRs in NNR2022. National food and health authorities have only recently begun to use qualified SRs as a basis for nutrition recommendations. Conclusion: Qualified SRs will be used to inform dietary reference values (DRVs) and food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) in the NNR2022 project.

• Christensen, Jacob Juel; Arnesen, Erik Kristoffer; Andersen, Rikke; Eneroth, Hanna; Erkkola, Maijaliisa & Høyer, Anne [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). The Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2022 – Principles and Methodologies. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 64, s. 1–15. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v64.4402. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: The Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNRs) constitute the scientific basis for national dietary reference values (DRVs) and food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) in the Nordic and Baltic countries. Objective: To define principles and methodologies for the sixth edition of NNR to be published in 2022 (NNR2022). Design: The principles and methodologies of the previous edition of NNR were used as a starting point. Recent nutrition recommendations commissioned by other national food and health authorities or international food and health organizations were examined and dissected. Updated principles and methodologies were agreed by the NNR2022 Committee in a consensus-driven process. Results: An organizational model with ‘checks and balances’ was developed to minimize the influence of subjective biases of the committee members and experts. Individual chapters on all included nutrients and food groups will be updated as scoping reviews. Systematic reviews (SRs), which are the main basis for evaluating causal effects of nutrients or food groups on health outcomes, will be embedded in each chapter. A NNR SR Centre will be established for performing de novo SRs on prioritized topics. To avoid duplication and optimize the use of resources, qualified SRs commissioned by other national and international organizations and health authorities will also inform DRVs and FBDGs in NNR2022. Discussion: The evidence-based methods defined in the NNR2022 project are compatible with most contemporary methods used by leading national food and health authorities. Global harmonization of methodological approaches to nutrition recommendations is strongly encouraged. Conclusion: Evidence-informed principles and methodologies underpinned by SRs will ensure that DRVs and FBDGs defined in the NNR2022 project are based on the best available evidence and as far as possible free from overt bias.

• Arnesen, Erik Kristoffer; Christensen, Jacob J.; Andersen, Rikke; Eneroth, Hanna; Erkkola, Maijaliisa & Høyer, Anne [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). The nordic nutrition recommendations 2022 – handbook for qualified systematic reviews. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 64, s. 1–15. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v64.4404. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Systematic reviews (SRs) constitute a major part of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNRs). The step-by-step procedure used to develop SRs has evolved considerably over time and is often tailored to fit the exposure and outcomes in focus. Objective: To describe a detailed procedure for developing qualified SRs commissioned by the NNR2022 project. Design: Scrutinizing procedures of recent SRs commissioned by leading national food and health authorities or international food and health organizations. Results: The following eight steps must be included when developing qualified SRs for the NNR2022 project: 1) define research question, 2) protocol development, 3) literature search, 4) screening and selection of studies, 5) data extraction, 6) assessing risk of bias, 7) synthesis and grading of total strength of evidence, and 8) reporting according to certain standards. Discussion: This guide is based on the guidelines developed for the fifth edition of NNR but includes some important new domains in order to adhere to more recent, authoritative standards. Conclusion: All qualified SRs in the NNR2022 project will follow the protocol described here.

• Bärebring, Linnea; Kværner, Ane Sørlie; Skotnes, Madeleine; Henriksen, Hege; Skjetne, Anne Juul & Henriksen, Christine [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Use of bioelectrical impedance analysis to monitor changes in fat-free mass during recovery from colorectal cancer– a validation study. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. ISSN 2405-4577. 40, s. 201–207. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.021. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background & aims Although previous research show high correlation between fat-free mass (FFM) measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), the validity of BIA to track longitudinal changes in FFM is uncertain. Thus, the aim of this study was to validate the ability of BIA to assess changes in FFM during 6 months of recovery from non-metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods A total of 136 women and men (50–80 years) with stage I-III CRC and a wide range of baseline FFM (35.7–73.5 kg) were included in the study. Body composition was measured at study baseline within 2–9 months of surgery and again 6 months later. Whole-body BIA FFM estimates (FFMBIA) were calculated using three different equations (manufacturer's, Schols' and Gray's) before comparison to FFM estimates obtained by DXA (FFMDXA). Results Correlation between changes in FFMBIA and FFMDXA was intermediate regardless of equation (r ≈ 0.6). The difference in change of FFMBIA was significant compared to FFMDXA, using all three equations and BIA overestimated both loss and gain. However, BIA showed 100% sensitivity and about 90% specificity to identify individuals with ≥5% loss in FFM, using all three equations. Sensitivity of FFMBIA to detect a smaller loss of FFM (60–76%) or a gain in FFM of ≥5% (33–62%) was poor. Conclusion In a well-nourished population of non-metastatic CRC patients, a single-frequency whole-body BIA device yielded imprecise data on changes in FFM, regardless of equation. BIA is thus not a valid option for quantifying changes in FFM in individuals. However, BIA could be used to identify patients with loss in FFM ≥5% in this population. The validity of BIA to monitor changes in FFM warrants further investigation before implementation in clinical praxis.

• Bemanian, Mitra; Mæland, Silje; Blomhoff, Rune; Rabben, Åsgeir Kjetland; Arnesen, Erik Kristoffer & Skogen, Jens Christoffer [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Emotional Eating in Relation to Worries and Psychological Distress Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Population-Based Survey on Adults in Norway. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 18(1). doi: 10.3390/ijerph18010130. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Population-based studies have revealed a high occurrence of self-reported psychological distress symptoms during the early phases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Stress and negative affect can lead to emotional eating, which in turn can have negative outcomes on health. In this population-based study, 24,968 Norwegian inhabitants participated in an electronic questionnaire including structured questions on dietary habits, emotional eating, psychological distress symptoms, and COVID-19-related worries. The study took place during April 2020 after around six weeks of interventions to tackle the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, emotional eating was reported in 54% of the population and was markedly more frequent in female participants. Worries related to consequences of the pandemic were associated with increased emotional eating, and the association was stronger for worries related to personal economy—odds ratios (OR) 1.7 (95% confidence interval (CI95%) 1.5–1.9)—compared to worries related to health—OR 1.3 (CI95% 1.2–1.5). Psychological distress had a strong association with emotional eating—OR 4.2 (CI95% 3.9–4.4). Correspondingly, the intake of high-sugar foods and beverages was higher for those with substantial COVID-19-related worries and those with psychological distress compared to the overall population.

• Kværner, Ane Sørlie; Harnæs, Helene; Alavi, Dena Helene; Bärebring, Linnea; Henriksen, Hege & Guren, Marianne [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Bør beregning av cellegiftdose ved tarmkreft baseres på kroppssammensetning? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 140(8), s. 1–10. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0769. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Koivisto-Mørk, Anu; Paur, Ingvild; Paulsen, Gøran; Garthe, Ina; Raastad, Truls & Bastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Dietary Adjustments to Altitude Training in Elite Endurance Athletes; Impact of a Randomized Clinical Trial With Antioxidant-Rich Foods. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. 2. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00106. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Altitude training stresses several physiological and metabolic processes and alters the dietary needs of the athletes. International Olympic Committee (IOC)'s Nutrition Expert Group suggests that athletes should increase intake of energy, carbohydrate, iron, fluid, and antioxidant-rich foods while training at altitude. Objective: We investigated whether athletes adjust their dietary intake according to the IOC's altitude-specific dietary recommendations, and whether an in-between meal intervention with antioxidant-rich foods altered the athletes' dietary composition and nutrition-related blood parameters (mineral, vitamin, carotenoid, and hormone concentrations). Design: The dietary adjustments to altitude training (3 weeks at 2,320 m) were determined for 31 elite endurance athletes (23 ± 5 years, 23 males, 8 females) by six interviewer-administered 24-h dietary recalls on non-consecutive days; three before and during the altitude camp. The additional effect of in -between meal intervention with eucaloric antioxidant-rich or control snacks (1,000 kcal/day) was tested in a randomized controlled trial with parallel design. Results: At altitude the athletes increased their energy intake by 35% (1,430 ± 630 kcal/day, p < 0.001), the provided snacks accounting for 70% of this increase. Carbohydrate intake increased from 6.5 ± 1.8 g/kg body weight (BW) (50 E%) to 9.3 ± 2.1 g/kg BW (53 E%) (p < 0.001), with no difference between the antioxidant and control group. Dietary iron, fluid, and antioxidant-rich food intake increased by 37, 38, and 104%, respectively, in the whole cohort. The intervention group had larger increases in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), ω3 PUFA (n-3 fatty acids), ω6 PUFA (n-6 fatty acids), fiber, vitamin C, folic acid, and copper intake, while protein intake increased more among the controls, reflecting the nutritional content of the snacks. Changes in the measured blood minerals, vitamins, and hormones were not differentially affected by the intervention except for the carotenoid; zeaxanthin, which increased more in the intervention group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Experienced elite endurance athletes increased their daily energy, carbohydrate, iron, fluid, and antioxidant-rich food intake during a 3-week training camp at moderate altitude meeting most of the altitude-specific dietary recommendations. The intervention with antioxidant-rich snacks improved the composition of the athletes' diets but had minimal impact on the measured nutrition-related blood parameters.

• Olsen, Thomas & Blomhoff, Rune (2019). Retinol, Retinoic Acid, and Retinol-Binding Protein 4 are Differentially Associated with Cardiovascular Disease, Type 2 Diabetes, and Obesity: An Overview of Human Studies. Advances in Nutrition. ISSN 2161-8313. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmz131. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Vitamin A is a fat-soluble essential nutrient obtained from plant- and animal-based sources that has roles in growth, vision, and metabolism. Vitamin A circulates mainly as retinol bound to retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), and is delivered to tissues and converted to retinoic acid, which is a ligand for several nuclear receptors. In recent years, aspects of vitamin A metabolism have been under scrutiny with regards to the development of metabolic and lifestyle diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and overweight and obesity in humans. Studies have mainly focused on RBP4 in this context, whereas the major circulating form, retinol, and the major bioactive form, retinoic acid, have been overlooked in this regard until recently. As one of the main roles of RBP4 is to deliver retinol to tissues for biological action, the associations of retinol and retinoic acid with these diseases must also be considered. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent and available evidence from human studies with focus on retinol, retinoic acid, and RBP4 and provide an overview of these crucial components of vitamin A metabolism in CVD, T2DM, and obesity. In summary, retinol was found to be both inversely and positively associated with CVD whereas the associations with T2DM and obesity were less clear. Although only a few studies have been published on retinoic acid, it was inversely associated with CVD. In contrast, serum RBP4 was mostly found to be positively associated with CVD, T2DM, and obesity. At present, it is difficult to ascertain why the reported associations differ depending on the compound under study, but there is a clear imbalance in the literature in disfavor of retinol and retinoic acid, which needs to be considered in future human studies.

• Henriksen, Hege Berg; Henriksen, Christine; Ræder, Hanna; Kværner, Ane Sørlie; Skjetne, Anne Juul & Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Hvilke kostråd skal man gi til pasienter behandlet for tarmkreft? Norsk tidsskrift for ernæring (NTFE). ISSN 1503-5034. s. 32–36. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Koivisto, Anu; Olsen, Thomas; Paur, Ingvild; Paulsen, Gøran; Bastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah & Garthe, Ina [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Effects of antioxidant-rich foods on altitude-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in elite endurance athletes: A randomized controlled trial. PLOS ONE. 14(6). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217895. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Various altitude training regimes, systematically used to improve oxygen carrying capacity and sports performance, have been associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation. We investigated whether increased intake of common antioxidant-rich foods attenuates these processes. Methods In a randomized controlled trial, 31 elite endurance athletes (23 ± 5 years), ingested antioxidant-rich foods (n = 16), (> doubling their usual intake), or eucaloric control foods (n = 15) during a 3-week altitude training camp (2320 m). Fasting blood and urine samples were collected 7 days pre-altitude, after 5 and 18 days at altitude, and 7 days post-altitude. Change over time was compared between the groups using mixed models for antioxidant capacity [uric acid-free (ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP)], oxidative stress (8-epi-PGF2α) and inflammatory biomarkers (IFNγ, IL1α, IL1RA, IL1β, IL2, IL5, IL6, IL7, IL10, IL12p70, IL13, IL17, TNFα, MCP-1 and micro-CRP). The cytokine response to a stress-test (VO2max ramp test or 100 m swimming) was assessed at pre- and post-altitude. Results FRAP increased more in the antioxidant compared to the control group (p = 0.034). IL13 decreased in the antioxidant group, while increasing in the controls (p = 0.006). A similar trend was seen for IL6 (p = 0.062). A larger decrease in micro-CRP was detected in the antioxidant group compared to controls (β: -0.62, p = 0.02). We found no group differences for the remaining cytokines. 8-epi-PGF2α increased significantly in the whole population (p = 0.033), regardless group allocation. The stress response was significantly larger post-altitude compared with pre-altitude for IL1β, IL6, IL7, IL13, IL12p70 and TNFα, but we found no group differences. Conclusions Increased intake of antioxidant-rich foods elevated the antioxidant capacity and attenuated some of the altitude-induced systemic inflammatory biomarkers in elite athletes. The antioxidant intervention had no impact on the altitude-induced oxidative stress or changes in acute cytokine responses to exercise stress-tests.

• Olsen, Thomas; Vinknes, Kathrine; Blomhoff, Rune; Lysne, Vegard; Midttun, Øivind & Dhar, Indu [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Creatinine, total cysteine and uric acid are associated with serum retinol in patients with cardiovascular disease. European Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 1436-6207. doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-02086-2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: We hypothesized that biomarkers and dietary factors related to cardiovascular disease risk were associated with serum retinol and evaluated these potential associations in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: We used cross-sectional data from 4116 patients hospitalised for suspected CAD. Dietary data were obtained from a subgroup of 1962 patients using a food frequency questionnaire. Potential biomarkers and dietary factors were explored using linear regression modelling adjusted for age and sex. Regression coefficients and corresponding confidence intervals (CI) are given as % change in serum retinol per unit change in the predictors. Analyses were performed in the total population and in strata of serum retinol tertiles. Results: In age- and sex-adjusted models, serum creatinine (standardized β: 0.38, 95% CI [0.35, 0.42]), plasma total cysteine (0.26, [0.23, 0.29]), serum uric acid (0.30, [0.26, 0.33]) and plasma neopterin (0.22, [0.18, 0.25]) were positively associated, whereas plasma serine (− 0.15, [− 0.18, − 0.12]) and serum C-reactive protein (− 0.15, [− 0.18, − 0.12]) were inversely associated with serum retinol. When we included the significant biomarkers in a multivariate model, the model explained 33% of the variability (R2 = 0.33) in serum retinol. The results were similar in the lower and upper tertiles of serum retinol. Weak or no associations were observed for dietary factors. Conclusions: In patients with suspected CAD, concentrations of creatinine, cysteine and uric acid were positively associated with serum retinol. Future studies should assess whether retinol concentrations are influenced by metabolic alterations in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease.

• Kværner, Ane Sørlie; Minaguchi, Jun; Yamani, Naouale El; Henriksen, Christine; Ræder, Hanna & Paur, Ingvild [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). DNA damage in blood cells in relation to chemotherapy and nutritional status in colorectal cancer patients — A pilot study. DNA Repair. ISSN 1568-7864. 63, s. 16–24. doi: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.01.005. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Travis, Ruth C; Perez-Cornago, Aurora; Appleby, Paul N; Albanes, Demetrius; Joshu, Corinne E & Lutsey, Pamela [Vis alle 66 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). A collaborative analysis of individual participant data from 19 prospective studies assesses circulating Vitamin D and prostate cancer risk. Cancer Research. ISSN 0008-5472. 79(1), s. 274–285. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-2318. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Previous prospective studies assessing the relationship between circulating concentrations of vitamin D and prostate cancer risk have shown inconclusive results, particularly for risk of aggressive disease. In this study, we examine the association between prediagnostic concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] and the risk of prostate cancer overall and by tumor characteristics. Principal investigators of 19 prospective studies provided individual participant data on circulating 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D for up to 13,462 men with incident prostate cancer and 20,261 control participants. ORs for prostate cancer by study-specific fifths of season-standardized vitamin D concentration were estimated using multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression. 25(OH)D concentration was positively associated with risk for total prostate cancer (multivariable-adjusted OR comparing highest vs. lowest study-specific fifth was 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–1.31; P trend < 0.001). However, this association varied by disease aggressiveness (Pheterogeneity = 0.014); higher circulating 25(OH)D was associated with a higher risk of nonaggressive disease (OR per 80 percentile increase = 1.24, 1.13–1.36) but not with aggressive disease (defined as stage 4, metastases, or prostate cancer death, 0.95, 0.78–1.15). 1,25(OH)2D concentration was not associated with risk for prostate cancer overall or by tumor characteristics. The absence of an association of vitamin D with aggressive disease does not support the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency increases prostate cancer risk. Rather, the association of high circulating 25(OH)D concentration with a higher risk of nonaggressive prostate cancer may be influenced by detection bias.

• Ræder, Hanna; Henriksen, Christine; Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud; Vilbo, Anne-Rikke; Henriksen, Hege & Kværner, Ane Sørlie [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Agreement between PG-SGA category and fat-free mass in colorectal cancer patients. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. ISSN 2405-4577. 27, s. 24–31. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.07.005. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background and aims Low fat-free mass (FFM) is associated with adverse outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) is a widely used tool developed to detect patients with malnutrition or at risk of malnutrition. The aim of this study was to investigate the agreement between PG-SGA category and FFM in patients with non-metastatic CRC. Methods Ninety-seven patients were included and categorized as well nourished (PG-SGA:A, n = 67) or malnourished (PG-SGA:B, n = 30). No patients were severely malnourished (PG-SGA: C). Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to assess FFM. Low FFM was defined as low fat-free mass index (FFMI) according to cut-off values recently proposed by The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN). Results Twenty-nine percent of the patients were identified with low FFMI. The proportion with low FFMI was significantly higher among patients classified as malnourished by PG-SGA compared to well nourished (p = 0.015). The sensitivity was however low, as the PG-SGA categorization classified only 50.0% of the patients with low FFMI as malnourished (PG-SGA B). Using the PG-SGA scores (cut-off point > 4), the sensitivity increased to 60.7%. Physical examination in the PG-SGA identified only 64.3% of the patients with low FFMI as muscle depleted. Conclusion Our results indicate a low agreement between PG-SGA category and low FFMI among patients with non-metastatic CRC. In clinical practice, PG-SGA should be supplemented by muscle mass assessments by BIA or other methods in order to detect low FFM in this patient group.

• Henriksen, Hege; Berntsen, Sveinung; Paur, Ingvild; Zucknick, Manuela; Skjetne, Anne Juul & Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Validation of two short questionnaires assessing physical activity in colorectal cancer patients. BMC sports science, medicine and rehabilitation. 10:8(8), s. 1–12. doi: 10.1186/s13102-018-0096-2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background In order to investigate the impact of adherence to recommendations of physical activity and sedentary time on health outcomes in clinical trials, there is a need for feasible tools such as questionnaires that can give representative estimates of these measures. The primary aim of the present study was to validate two such questionnaires and their ability to estimate adherence to the recommendations of physical activity defined as moderate-to- vigorous physical activity or moderate physical activity of at least 150 min/week in colorectal cancer patients. Secondarily, self-reported sedentary time from the HUNT-PAQ was also evaluated. Methods Participants from 'The Norwegian dietary guidelines and colorectal cancer survival-study’ (CRC-NORDIET study) completed two short questionnaires; the NORDIET-FFQ (n = 78) and the HUNT-PAQ (n = 77). The physical activity monitor SenseWear Armband Mini was used as the reference method during seven consecutive days. Results The NORDIET-FFQ provided better estimates of time in moderate-to- vigorous physical activity and moderate physical activity than the HUNT-PAQ. The NORDIET-FFQ was unable to rank individual time in moderate-to- vigorous physical activity and moderate physical activity (Spearman’s rho = 0.08, p = 0.509 and Spearman’s rho rho = 0.01, p = 0.402, respectively). All intensities were under-reported by the HUNT-PAQ, but ranking of individual time in moderate physical activity and sedentary time were acceptable among women only (Spearman’s rho = 0.37, p = 0.027 and Spearman’s rho = 0.36, p = 0.035, respectively). The HUNT-PAQ correctly classified 71% of those not meeting the recommendations (sensitivity), and the NORDIET-FFQ correctly classified 63% of those who met the recommendations (specificity). About 67% and 33% reported to meet the recommendation of moderate-to- vigorous physical activity with the NORDIET-FFQ and HUNT-PAQ, respectively, whereas 55% actually met the moderate-to- vigorous physical activity according to the SenseWear Armband Mini. Conclusions The NORDIET-FFQ provided better specificity and better estimates of PA than the HUNT-PAQ. The HUNT-PAQ provided better sensitivity, and provided better ranking of PA and sedentary time among women than NORDIET-FFQ. It is important to be aware of the limitations documented in the present study. Trial registration The study is registered on the National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials (Identifier: NCT01570010). Registered 4 April 2012.

• Koivisto, Anu; Paulsen, Gøran; Paur, Ingvild; Garthe, Ina; Tønnessen, Espen & Raastad, Truls [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Antioxidant-rich foods and response to altitude training: A randomized controlled trial in elite endurance athletes. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. ISSN 0905-7188. 28(9), s. 1982–1995. doi: 10.1111/sms.13212. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  High doses of isolated antioxidant supplements such as vitamin C and E have demonstrated the potential to blunt cellular adaptations to training. It is, however, unknown whether intake of high doses of antioxidants from foods has similar effects. Hence, the aim of the study was to investigate whether intake of antioxidant‐rich foods affects adaptations to altitude training in elite athletes. In a randomized controlled trial, 31 national team endurance athletes (23 ± 5 years) ingested antioxidant‐rich foods (n = 16) or eucaloric control foods (n = 15) daily during a 3‐week altitude training camp (2320 m). Changes from baseline to post‐altitude in hemoglobin mass (Hbmass; optimized CO rebreathing), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max; n = 16) or 100 m swimming performance (n = 10), and blood parameters were compared between the groups. The antioxidant group significantly increased total intake of antioxidant‐rich foods (~118%) compared to the control group during the intervention. The total study population improved VO2max by 2.5% (1.7 mL/kg/min, P = .006) and Hbmass by 4.7% (48 g, P < .001), but not 100 m swimming performance. No difference was found between the groups regarding changes in Hbmass, VO2max or swimming performance. However, hemoglobin concentration increased more in the antioxidant group (effect size = 0.7; P = .045) with a concomitantly larger decrease in plasma and blood volumes compared to control group. Changes in ferritin and erythropoietin from pre‐ to post‐altitude did not differ between the groups. Doubling the intake of antioxidant‐rich foods was well tolerated and did not negatively influence the adaptive response to altitude training in elite endurance athletes.

• Henriksen, Hege; Carlsen, Monica Hauger; Paur, Ingvild; Berntsen, Sveinung; Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud & Skjetne, Anne Juul [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Relative validity of a short food frequency questionnaire assessing adherence to the Norwegian dietary guidelines among colorectal cancer patients. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 62:1306, s. 1–15. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v62.1306. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Olsen, Thomas; Vinknes, Kathrine; Svingen, Gard Frodahl Tveitevåg; Pedersen, Eva Ringdal; Dhar, Indu & Tell, Grethe S. [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). The risk association of plasma total homocysteine with acute myocardial infarction is modified by serum vitamin A. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology (EJPC). ISSN 2047-4873. 25(15), s. 1612–1620. doi: 10.1177/2047487318788587. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background. Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) has been implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Vitamin A (Vit-A) is involved in homocysteine metabolism and we therefore explored the potential interaction between plasma tHcy and serum Vit-A in relation to incident acute myocardial infarction. Methods. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the prospective relationships between tHcy and acute myocardial infarction in 2205 patients from Western Norway undergoing elective coronary angiography for suspected stable angina pectoris. Results are reported as hazard ratio per standard deviation increase in log-transformed tHcy. An interaction term for tHcy × Vit-A was added to multivariate models including age, sex, smoking, apolipoprotein B fasting, statin and aspirin prescription and estimated glomerular filtration rate.  Results. Geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) age of the participants (64.3% men) was 62.3 (1.24) years. Plasma tHcy was higher among participants in the upper versus lower Vit-A tertile. During 7 (2.4) years of follow-up, 15.1% suffered an AMI. A significant association of plasma tHcy with AMI in the total study population was observed. When we stratified the population according to Vit-A tertiles, plasma tHcy was associated with acute myocardial infarction only in the upper Vit-A tertile (hazard ratio per SD: 1.25, 95% confidence interval: 1.04–1.53, pinteraction = 0.03). Conclusions. The risk relationship between plasma tHcy and acute myocardial infarction was modified by serum concentrations of Vit-A in patients with suspected stable angina pectoris. This finding may clarify the relationship between tHcy and cardiovascular disease.

• Holm, Maia Blomhoff; Kristiansen, Oddrun; Holme, Ane Moe; Bastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah; Horne, Hildegunn & Blomhoff, Rune [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Placental release of taurine to both the maternal and fetal circulations in human term pregnancies. Amino Acids. ISSN 0939-4451. 50(9), s. 1205–1214. doi: 10.1007/s00726-018-2576-9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Taurine is regarded as an essential amino acid in utero, and fetal taurine supply is believed to rely solely on placental transfer from maternal plasma. Despite its potential role in intrauterine growth restriction and other developmental disturbances, human in vivo studies of taurine transfer between the maternal, placental, and fetal compartments are scarce. We studied placental transfer of taurine in uncomplicated human term pregnancies in vivo in a cross-sectional study of 179 mother-fetus pairs. During cesarean section, we obtained placental tissue and plasma from incoming and outgoing vessels on the maternal and fetal sides of the placenta. Taurine was measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. We calculated paired arteriovenous differences, and measured placental expression of the taurine biosynthetic enzyme cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD) with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. We observed a fetal uptake (p < 0.001), an uteroplacental release (p < 0.001), and a negative placental consumption of taurine (p = 0.001), demonstrating a bilateral placental release to the maternal and fetal compartments. Increasing umbilical vein concentrations and fetal uptake was associated with the uteroplacental release to the maternal circulation (rs = − 0.19, p = 0.01/rs = − 0.24, p = 0.003), but not with taurine concentrations in placental tissue. CSAD-mRNA was expressed in placental tissue, suggesting a potential for placental taurine synthesis. Our observations show that the placenta has the capacity to a bilateral taurine release, indicating a fundamental role of taurine in the human placental homeostasis beyond the supply to the fetus.

• Olsen, Thomas; Vinknes, Kathrine; Svingen, Gard Frodahl Tveitevåg; Pedersen, Eva Ringdal; Tell, Grethe S. & Blomhoff, Rune [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Cardiovascular disease risk associated with serum apolipoprotein B is modified by serum vitamin A. Atherosclerosis. ISSN 0021-9150. s. 325–330. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.07.020. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Henriksen, Christine; Gjelstad, Ingrid Merethe Fange; Nilssen, Hugo & Blomhoff, Rune (2017). A low proportion of malnourished patients receive nutrition treatment - results from nutritionDay. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 61:1391667, s. 1–9. doi: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1391667. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  NutritionDay is a yearly point-prevalence study of malnutrition in hospitals from more than 50 countries. The aim of the present study was to quantify the frequency of malnutrition and the proportion of malnourished patients receiving nutritional treatment in two university hospitals in Norway using data from nutritionDay. All units at Oslo University Hospital (OUH) and University Hospital of Northern Norway (UNN) were invited to participate in nutritionDay 2014, and 28 out of 85 eligible units agreed to take part. Malnutrition was diagnosed based on body mass index (BMI), weight reduction and food intake in the previous week, according to national guidelines and ESPEN criteria. Data from 488 patients were available, representing 90.1% of occupied beds in participating units. Thirty percent of the patients were diagnosed malnourished when national criteria were used, and only 41% of these patients received nutritional treatment. The estimated malnutrition rate was 11% when the ESPEN consensus criteria were used. Data on weight or height were frequently missing in the patient records, and BMI could only be calculated in two-thirds of the patients. The frequency of low BMI (<18.5 kg/m 2 ) was only 5%. Involuntary weight loss was present in 37% of the patients, and 60% had eaten less than normal in the previous week. Oncology units had the highest frequency of patients with low BMI, and the highest weight loss and overall malnutrition rate. Surgery and geriatric units had the highest rate of patients with low food intake. In this study, nearly 60% of the malnourished patients did not receive any nutritional treatment, and this indicates a potential for improved nutritional care and cost savings. Low food intake and weight loss were frequent at these two Norwegian hospitals, and in line with previous reports from nutritionDay in other countries.

• Mezaki, Yoshihiro; Nagatsuma, Keisuke; Yokoyama, Hiroshi; Park, Joon Hyuk; Nakamura, Mariko & Masaki, Takahiro [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Biochemical and histochemical analyses of lecithin:retinol acyltransferase from polar bear (Ursus maritimus) livers. Polar Biology. ISSN 0722-4060. s. 1–11. doi: 10.1007/s00300-017-2241-x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holm, Maia Blomhoff; Bastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah; Holme, Ane Moe; Zucknick, Manuela; Jansson, Thomas & Refsum, Helga [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Uptake and release of amino acids in the fetal-placental unit in human pregnancies. PLOS ONE. 12(10). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185760. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objectives: The current concepts of human fetal-placental amino acid exchange and metabolism are mainly based on animal-, in vitro- and ex vivo models. We aimed to determine and assess the paired relationships between concentrations and arteriovenous differences of 19 amino acids on the maternal and fetal sides of the human placenta in a large study sample. Methods: This cross-sectional in vivo study included 179 healthy women with uncomplicated term pregnancies. During planned cesarean section, we sampled blood from incoming and outgoing vessels on the maternal (radial artery and uterine vein) and fetal (umbilical vein and artery) sides of the placenta. Amino acid concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry. We calculated paired arteriovenous differences and performed Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and Spearman’s correlations. Results: In the umbilical circulation, we observed a positive venoarterial difference (fetal uptake) for 14 amino acids and a negative venoarterial difference (fetal release) for glutamic acid (p<0.001). In the maternal circulation, we observed a positive arteriovenous difference (uteroplacental uptake) for leucine (p = 0.005), isoleucine (p = 0.01), glutamic acid (p<0.001) and arginine (p = 0.04) and a negative arteriovenous difference (uteroplacental release) for tyrosine (p = 0.002), glycine (p = 0.01) and glutamine (p = 0.02). The concentrations in the maternal artery and umbilical vein were correlated for all amino acids except tryptophan, but we observed no correlations between the uteroplacental uptake and the fetal uptake or the umbilical vein concentration. Two amino acids showed a correlation between the maternal artery concentration and the fetal uptake. Conclusions: Our human in vivo study expands the current insight into fetal-placental amino acid exchange, and discloses some differences from what has been previously described in animals. Our findings are consistent with the concept that the fetal supply of amino acids in the human is the result of a dynamic interplay between fetal and placental amino acid metabolism and interconversions.

• Ræder, Hanna; Kværner, Ane Sørlie; Henriksen, Christine; Florholmen, Geir; Henriksen, Hege & Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis in estimation of fat-free mass in colorectal cancer patients. Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0261-5614. 37(1), s. 292–300. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.12.028. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background & aims: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is an accessible and cheap method to measure fat-free mass (FFM). However, BIA estimates are subject to uncertainty in patient populations with altered body composition and hydration. The aim of the current study was to validate a whole-body and a segmental BIA device against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and to investigate the ability of different empiric equations for BIA to predict DXA FFM (FFMDXA). Methods: Forty-three non-metastatic CRC patients (aged 50–80 years) were enrolled in this study. Whole-body and segmental BIA FFM estimates (FFMwhole-bodyBIA, FFMsegmentalBIA) were calculated using 14 empiric equations, including the equations from the manufacturers, before comparison to FFMDXA estimates. Results: Strong linear relationships were observed between FFMBIA and FFMDXA estimates for all equations (R2 = 0.94–0.98 for both devices). However, there were large discrepancies in FFM estimates depending on the equations used with mean differences in the ranges −6.5–6.8 kg and −11.0–3.4 kg for whole-body and segmental BIA, respectively. For whole-body BIA, 77% of BIA derived FFM estimates were significantly different from FFMDXA, whereas for segmental BIA, 85% were significantly different. For whole-body BIA, the Schols* equation gave the highest agreement with FFMDXA with mean difference ±SD of −0.16 ± 1.94 kg (p = 0.582). The manufacturer's equation gave a small overestimation of FFM with 1.46 ± 2.16 kg (p < 0.001) with a tendency towards proportional bias (r = 0.28, p = 0.066). For segmental BIA, the Heitmann* equation gave the highest agreement with FFMDXA (0.17 ± 1.83 kg (p = 0.546)). Using the manufacturer's equation, no difference in FFM estimates was observed (−0.34 ± 2.06 kg (p = 0.292)), however, a clear proportional bias was detected (r = 0.69, p < 0.001). Both devices demonstrated acceptable ability to detect low FFM compared to DXA using the optimal equation. Conclusion: In a population of non-metastatic CRC patients, mostly consisting of Caucasian adults and with a wide range of body composition measures, both the whole-body BIA and segmental BIA device provide FFM estimates that are comparable to FFMDXA on a group level when the appropriate equations are applied. At the individual level (i.e. in clinical practice) BIA may be a valuable tool to identify patients with low FFM as part of a malnutrition diagnosis.

• Henriksen, Hege; Ræder, Hanna; Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud; Paur, Ingvild; Kværner, Ane Sørlie & Billington, Siv Åshild [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). The Norwegian dietary guidelines and colorectal cancer survival (CRC-NORDIET) study: A food-based multicentre randomized controlled trial. BMC Cancer. 17(1). doi: 10.1186/s12885-017-3072-4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Colorectal cancer survivors are not only at risk for recurrent disease but also at increased risk of comorbidities such as other cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension and functional decline. In this trial, we aim at investigating whether a diet in accordance with the Norwegian food-based dietary guidelines and focusing at dampening inflammation and oxidative stress will improve long-term disease outcomes and survival in colorectal cancer patients. Methods/design This paper presents the study protocol of the Norwegian Dietary Guidelines and Colorectal Cancer Survival study. Men and women aged 50–80 years diagnosed with primary invasive colorectal cancer (Stage I-III) are invited to this randomized controlled, parallel two-arm trial 2–9 months after curative surgery. The intervention group (n = 250) receives an intensive dietary intervention lasting for 12 months and a subsequent maintenance intervention for 14 years. The control group (n = 250) receives no dietary intervention other than standard clinical care. Both groups are offered equal general advice of physical activity. Patients are followed-up at 6 months and 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 years after baseline. The study center is located at the Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, and patients are recruited from two hospitals within the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority. Primary outcomes are disease-free survival and overall survival. Secondary outcomes are time to recurrence, cardiovascular disease-free survival, compliance to the dietary recommendations and the effects of the intervention on new comorbidities, intermediate biomarkers, nutrition status, physical activity, physical function and quality of life. Discussion The current study is designed to gain a better understanding of the role of a healthy diet aimed at dampening inflammation and oxidative stress on long-term disease outcomes and survival in colorectal cancer patients. Since previous research on the role of diet for colorectal cancer survivors is limited, the study may be of great importance for this cancer population. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01570010 .

• Paur, Ingvild; Lilleby, Wolfgang; Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud; Hulander, Erik; Klein, Willibrord & Vlatkovic, Ljiljana [Vis alle 19 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Tomato-based randomized controlled trial in prostate cancer patients: Effect on PSA. Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0261-5614. 36(3), s. 672–679. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.06.014. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background & aims: The effect of lycopene-containing foods in prostate cancer development remains undetermined. We tested whether a lycopene-rich tomato intervention could reduce the levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in prostate cancer patients. Methods: Prior to their curative treatment, 79 patients with prostate cancer were randomized to a nutritional intervention with either 1) tomato products containing 30 mg lycopene per day; 2) tomato products plus selenium, omega-3 fatty acids, soy isoflavones, grape/pomegranate juice, and green/black tea (tomato-plus); or 3) control diet for 3 weeks. Results: The main analysis, which included patients in all risk categories, did not reveal differences in changes of PSA-values between the intervention and control groups. Post-hoc, exploratory analyses within intermediate risk (n = 41) patients based on tumor classification and Gleason score post-surgery, revealed that median PSA decreased significantly in the tomato group as compared to controls (−2.9% and +6.5% respectively, p = 0.016). In separate post-hoc analyses, we observed that median PSA-values decreased by 1% in patients with the highest increases in plasma lycopene, selenium and C20:5 n-3 fatty acid, compared to an 8.5% increase in the patients with the lowest increase in lycopene, selenium and C20:5 n-3 fatty acid (p = 0.003). Also, PSA decreased in patients with the highest increase in lycopene alone (p = 0.009). Conclusions: Three week nutritional interventions with tomato-products alone or in combination with selenium and n-3 fatty acids lower PSA in patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer. Our observation suggests that the effect may depend on both aggressiveness of the disease and the blood levels of lycopene, selenium and omega-3 fatty acids.

• Kolberg, Marit; Pedersen, Sigrid; Mitake, Maiko; Holm, Kristine Lillebø; Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud & Blomhoff, Heidi Kiil [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Coffee inhibits nuclear factor-kappa B in prostate cancer cells and xenografts. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. ISSN 0955-2863. 27, s. 153–163. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.08.028. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Stea, Tonje Holte; Berntsen, Solvor; Berntsen, Sveinung; Bastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah; Paulsen, Gøran & Seiler, Hilde Lohne [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Effect of Omega-3 and Vitamins e + C Supplements on the Concentration of Serum B-Vitamins and Plasma Redox Aminothiol Antioxidant Status in Elderly Men after Strength Training for Three Months. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. ISSN 0250-6807. 68(2), s. 145–155. doi: 10.1159/000443847. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Meyer, Haakon E; Støer, Nathalie; Samuelsen, Sven Ove; Blomhoff, Rune; Robsahm, Trude Eid & Brustad, Magritt [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Long Term Association between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Mortality in a Cohort of 4379 Men. PLOS ONE. 11(3). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151441. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective A number of observational studies have shown an inverse association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and total mortality, but a reverse J-shaped association has also been reported. In a large nested case-control study, serum-25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) was positively associated with incident prostate cancer. Based on the same study population, the primary aim of the present study was to investigate the association between s-25 (OH)D and total mortality. Methods Men participating in population based health screenings during 1981–1991 and enrolled in a nested case-control study were followed throughout 2007 with respect to all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results In men with prostate cancer (n = 2282), there was a significant inverse association between s-25(OH)D and total mortality after controlling for potential confounders (HR = 1.25 (95% CI 1.05–1.50), s-25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l versus s-25(OH)D > 50 nmol/l). The corresponding figure among controls (n = 2147) was HR = 1.15 (95% CI 0.88–1.50) and in the total study.population HR = 1.19 (95% CI 1.03–1.38). For cause-specific deaths, we found no significant associations. Conclusions In this study population, s-25(OH)D was inversely associated with total mortality during more than two decades of follow-up, despite, as previous reported, high s-25(OH)D was associated with increased risk of prostate cancer.

• Russnes, Kjell Magne; Möller, Elisabeth; Wilson, Kathryn M.; Carlsen, Monica Hauger; Blomhoff, Rune & Smeland, Sigbjørn [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Total antioxidant intake and prostate cancer in the Cancer of the Prostate in Sweden (CAPS) study. A case control study. BMC Cancer. 16:438, s. 1–12. doi: 10.1186/s12885-016-2486-8. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background The total intake of dietary antioxidants may reduce prostate cancer risk but available data are sparse and the possible role of supplements unclear. We investigated the potential association between total and dietary antioxidant intake and prostate cancer in a Swedish population. Methods We used FFQ data from 1499 cases and 1112 controls in the population based case–control study Cancer of the Prostate in Sweden (CAPS). The ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay was used to assess the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of diet and supplements. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of prostate cancer across quintiles of antioxidant intake from all foods, from fruit and vegetables only, and from dietary supplements using unconditional logistic regression. Results Coffee comprised 62 % of the dietary antioxidant intake, tea 4 %, berries 4 %, chocolate 2 %, and boiled potatoes 2 %. In total 19 % and 13 % of the population took multivitamins and supplemental Vitamin C respectively, on a regular basis. Antioxidant intake from all foods and from fruits and vegetables separately measured by the FRAP assay was not associated with prostate cancer risk. For antioxidant intake from supplements we found a positive association with total, advanced, localized, high grade and low grade prostate cancer in those above median supplemental TAC intake of users compared to non-users (Adjusted ORs for total prostate cancer: 1.37, 95 % CI 1.08–1.73, advanced: 1.51, 95 % CI 1.11–2.06, localized: 1.36. 95 % CI 1.06–1.76, high grade 1.60, 95 % CI 1.06–2.40, low grade 1.36, 95 % CI 1.03–1.81). A high intake of coffee (≥6 cups/day) was associated with a possible risk reduction of fatal and significantly with reduced risk for high grade prostate cancer, adjusted OR: 0.45 (95 % CI: 0.22–0.90), whereas a high intake of chocolate was positively associated with risk of total, advanced, localized and low grade disease (adjusted OR for total: 1.43, 95 % CI 1.12–1.82, advanced: 1.40, 95 % CI 1.01–1.96, localized: 1.43, 95 % CI 1.08–1.88, low-grade: 1.41, 95 % CI 1.03–1.93). Conclusions Total antioxidant intake from diet was not associated with prostate cancer risk. Supplement use may be associated with greater risk of disease.

• Finnes, Trine Elisabeth; Lofthus, Cathrine Marie; Meyer, Haakon E; Søgaard, Anne-Johanne; Tell, Grethe Seppola & Apalset, Ellen M [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). A combination of low serum concentrations of vitamins K1 and D is associated with increased risk of hip fractures in elderly Norwegians: a NOREPOS study. Osteoporosis International. ISSN 0937-941X. 27(4), s. 1645–1652. doi: 10.1007/s00198-015-3435-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tjelle, Torunn Elisabeth; Holtung, Linda; Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud; Aaby, Kjersti; Thoresen, Magne & Wiik, Siv Åshild [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). Polyphenol-rich juices reduce blood pressure measures in a randomised controlled trial in high normal and hypertensive volunteers. British Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0007-1145. 114(7), s. 1054–1063. doi: 10.1017/S0007114515000562. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Intake of fruits and berries may lower blood pressure (BP), most probably due to the high content of polyphenols. In the present study, we tested whether consumption of two polyphenol-rich juices could lower BP. In a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of 12 weeks, 134 healthy individuals, aged 50–70 years, with high normal range BP (130/85–139/89 mmHg, seventy-two subjects) or stage 1-2 hypertension (140/90–179/109 mmHg, sixty-two subjects), were included. They consumed 500 ml/d of one of either (1) a commercially available polyphenol-rich juice based on red grapes, cherries, chokeberries and bilberries; (2) a juice similar to (1) but enriched With polyphenol-rich extracts from blackcurrant press-residue or (3) a placebo juice (polyphenol contents 245·5, 305·2 and 76 mg/100 g, respectively). Resting BP was measured three times, with a 1 min interval, at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks of intervention. Systolic BP significantly reduced over time (6 and 12 weeks, respectively) in the pooled juice group compared with the placebo group in the first of the three measurements, both for the whole study group (6·9 and 3·4 mmHg; P¼0·01) and even more pronounced in the hypertensive subjects when analysed separately (7·3 and 6·8 mmHg; P¼0·04). The variation in the BP measurements was significantly reduced in the pooled juice group compared with the placebo group (1·4 and 1·7 mmHg; P¼0·03). In conclusion, the present findings suggest that polyphenol-rich berry juice may contribute to a BP- and BP variability lowering effect, being more pronounced in hypertensive than in normotensive subjects.

• Bjørnsen, Thomas; Salvesen, Svein; Berntsen, Sveinung; Hetlelid, Ken Joar; Stea, Tonje Holte & Seiler, Hilde Lohne [Vis alle 17 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). Vitamin C and E supplementation blunts increases in total lean body mass in elderly men after strength training. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. ISSN 0905-7188. 26(7), s. 755–755. doi: 10.1111/sms.12506. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin C and E supplementation on changes in muscle mass (lean mass and muscle thickness) and strength during 12 weeks of strength training in elderly men. Thirty-four elderly males (60–81 years) were randomized to either an antioxidant group (500 mg of vitamin C and 117.5 mg vitamin E before and after training) or a placebo group following the same strength training program (three sessions per week). Body composition was assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and muscle thickness by ultrasound imaging. Muscle strength was measured as one-repetition maximum (1RM). Total lean mass increased by 3.9% (95% confidence intervals: 3.0, 5.2) and 1.4% (0, 5.4) in the placebo and antioxidant groups, respectively, revealing larger gains in the placebo group (P = 0.04). Similarly, the thickness of m. rectus femoris increased more in the placebo group [16.2% (12.8, 24.1)] than in the antioxidant group [10.9% (9.8, 13.5); P = 0.01]. Increases of lean mass in trunk and arms, and muscle thickness of elbow flexors, did not differ significantly between groups. With no group differences, 1RM improved in the range of 15–21% (P < 0.001). In conclusion, high-dosage vitamin C and E supplementation blunted certain muscular adaptations to strength training in elderly men.

• Kolberg, Marit; Pedersen, Sigrid; Bastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah; Carlsen, Harald; Blomhoff, Rune & Paur, Ingvild (2015). Tomato Paste Alters NF-κB and Cancer-Related mRNA Expression in Prostate Cancer Cells, Xenografts, and Xenograft Microenvironment. Nutrition and Cancer. ISSN 0163-5581. 67(2), s. 305–315. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2015.990575. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Iversen, Per Ole; Ha, Lisa Ah Fung; Blomhoff, Rune; Hauge, Truls & Veierød, Marit Bragelien (2015). Baseline oxidative defense and survival after 5-7 years among elderly stroke patients at nutritional risk: Follow-up of a randomized, nutritional intervention trial. Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0261-5614. 34(4), s. 775–778. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.07.002. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Indrevær, Randi Larsen; Moskaug, Jan Øivind; Paur, Ingvild; Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud; Jørgensen, Silje Fjellgård & Blomhoff, Rune [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). IRF4 is a critical gene in retinoic acid-mediated plasma cell formation and is deregulated in common variable immunodeficiency-derived B cells. Journal of Immunology. ISSN 0022-1767. 195(6), s. 2601–2611. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500250. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Cabo, Rona; Hernes, Sigrunn; Slettan, Audun; Haugen, Margaretha; Ye, Shu & Blomhoff, Rune [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). Effect of genetic polymorphisms involved in folate metabolism on the concentration of serum folate and plasma total homocysteine (p-tHcy) in healthy subjects after short-term folic acid supplementation: a randomized, double blind, crossover study. Genes & Nutrition. ISSN 1555-8932. 10. doi: 10.1007/s12263-015-0456-4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Svendsen, Mette; Tonstad, Serena; Heggen, Eli; Pedersen, Terje Rolf; Seljeflot, Ingebjørg & Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). The effect of kiwifruit consumption on blood pressure in subjects with moderately elevated blood pressure: A randomized, controlled study. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 24(1), s. 48–54. doi: 10.3109/08037051.2014.976979. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holvik, Kristin; Ahmed, Luai Awad; Forsmo, Siri; Gjesdal, Clara Gram; Grimnes, Guri & Samuelsen, Sven Ove [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). No increase in risk of hip fracture at high serum retinol concentrations in community-dwelling older Norwegians: the Norwegian Epidemiologic Osteoporosis Studies. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0002-9165. 102(5), s. 1289–1296. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.110528. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Cabo, Rona; Hernes, Sigrunn; Slettan, Audun; Haugen, Margaretha; Ye, Shu & Blomhoff, Rune [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). Effects of polymorphisms in endothelial nitric oxide synthase and folate metabolizing genes on the concentration of serum nitrate, folate, and plasma total homocysteine after folic acid supplementation: A double-blind crossover study. Nutrition - The International Journal of Applied and Basic Nutritional Sciences. ISSN 0899-9007. 31(2), s. 337–344. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.08.009. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sakhi, Amrit Kaur; Bastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah; Ellingjord-Dale, Merete; Gundersen, Thomas Erik; Blomhoff, Rune & Ursin, Giske (2015). Feasibility of self-sampled dried blood spot and saliva samples sent by mail in a population-based study. BMC Cancer. 15(1). doi: 10.1186/s12885-015-1275-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background In large epidemiological studies it is often challenging to obtain biological samples. Self-sampling by study participants using dried blood spots (DBS) technique has been suggested to overcome this challenge. DBS is a type of biosampling where blood samples are obtained by a finger-prick lancet, blotted and dried on filter paper. However, the feasibility and efficacy of collecting DBS samples from study participants in large-scale epidemiological studies is not known. The aim of the present study was to test the feasibility and response rate of collecting self-sampled DBS and saliva samples in a population–based study of women above 50 years of age. Methods We determined response proportions, number of phone calls to the study center with questions about sampling, and quality of the DBS. We recruited women through a study conducted within the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program. Invitations, instructions and materials were sent to 4,597 women. The data collection took place over a 3 month period in the spring of 2009. Results Response proportions for the collection of DBS and saliva samples were 71.0% (3,263) and 70.9% (3,258), respectively. We received 312 phone calls (7% of the 4,597 women) with questions regarding sampling. Of the 3,263 individuals that returned DBS cards, 3,038 (93.1%) had been packaged and shipped according to instructions. A total of 3,032 DBS samples were sufficient for at least one biomarker analysis (i.e. 92.9% of DBS samples received by the laboratory). 2,418 (74.1%) of the DBS cards received by the laboratory were filled with blood according to the instructions (i.e. 10 completely filled spots with up to 7 punches per spot for up to 70 separate analyses). To assess the quality of the samples, we selected and measured two biomarkers (carotenoids and vitamin D). The biomarker levels were consistent with previous reports. Conclusion Collecting self-sampled DBS and saliva samples through the postal services provides a low cost, effective and feasible alternative in epidemiological studies.

• Markussen, Marianne Skov; Veierød, Marit Bragelien; Sakhi, Amrit Kaur; Ellingjord-Dale, Merete; Blomhoff, Rune & Ursin, Giske [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). Evaluation of dietary patterns among Norwegian postmenopausal women using plasma carotenoids as biomarkers. British Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0007-1145. 113(4), s. 672–682. doi: 10.1017/S0007114514004103. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  A number of studies have examined dietary patterns in various populations. However, to study to what extent such patterns capture meaningful differences in consumption of foods is of interest. In the present study, we identified important dietary patterns in Norwegian postmenopausal women (age 50–69 years, n 361), and evaluated these patterns by examining their associations with plasma carotenoids. Diet was assessed by a 253-item FFQ. These 253 food items were categorised into forty-six food groups, and dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. We used the partial correlation coefficient (radj) and multiple linear regression analysis to examine the associations between the dietary patterns and the plasma carotenoids α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene and zeaxanthin. Overall, four dietary patterns were identified: the ‘Western’; ‘Vegetarian’; ‘Continental’; ‘High-protein’. The ‘Western’ dietary pattern scores were significantly inversely correlated with plasma lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene and total carotenoids ( − 0·25 ≤ radj≤ − 0·13). The ‘Vegetarian’ dietary pattern scores were significantly positively correlated with all the plasma carotenoids (0·15 ≤ radj≤ 0·24). The ‘Continental’ dietary pattern scores were significantly inversely correlated with plasma lutein and α-carotene (radj= − 0·13). No significant association between the ‘High-protein’ dietary pattern scores and the plasma carotenoids was found. In conclusion, the healthy dietary pattern, the ‘Vegetarian’ pattern, is associated with a more favourable profile of the plasma carotenoids than our unhealthy dietary patterns, the ‘Western’ and ‘Continental’ patterns.

• Qureshi, Samera Azeem; Lund, Annette Christin; Veierød, Marit Bragelien; Carlsen, Monica Hauger; Blomhoff, Rune & Andersen, Lene Frost [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Food items contributing most to variation in antioxidant intake; A cross-sectional study among Norwegian women. BMC Public Health. 14(1). doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-45. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Fruit and vegetable intake has been found to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, certain types of cancer and diabetes mellitus. It is possible that antioxidants play a large part in this protective effect. However, which foods account for the variation in antioxidant intake in a population is not very clear. We used food frequency data from a population-based sample of women to identify the food items that contributed most to the variation in antioxidant intake in Norwegian diet. Methods We used data from a study conducted among participants in the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP), the national program which invites women aged 50–69 years to mammographic screening every 2 years. A subset of 6514 women who attended the screening in 2006/2007 completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Daily intake of energy, nutrients and antioxidant intake were estimated. We used multiple linear regression analysis to capture the variation in antioxidant intake. Results The mean (SD) antioxidant intake was 23.0 (8.5) mmol/day. Coffee consumption explained 54% of the variation in antioxidant intake, while fruits and vegetables explained 22%. The twenty food items that contributed most to the total variation in antioxidant intake explained 98% of the variation in intake. These included different types of coffee, tea, red wine, blueberries, walnuts, oranges, cinnamon and broccoli. Conclusions In this study we identified a list of food items which capture the variation in antioxidant intake among these women. The major contributors to dietary total antioxidant intake were coffee, tea, red wine, blueberries, walnuts, oranges, cinnamon and broccoli. These items should be assessed in as much detail as possible in studies that wish to capture the variation in antioxidant intake.

• Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud; Blomhoff, Rune & Paur, Ingvild (2014). Coffee and cancer risk, epidemiological evidence, and molecular mechanisms. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. ISSN 1613-4125. 58(5), s. 915–930. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201300526. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Cumming, Kristoffer Toldnes; Raastad, Truls; Holden, Geir; Bastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah; Schneeberger, Damaris & Paronetto, Maria Paola [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Effects of vitamin C and E supplementation on endogenous antioxidant systems and heat shock proteins in response to endurance training. Physiological Reports. 2(10). doi: 10.14814/phy2.12142. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are important signal molecules for adaptations to training. Due to the antioxidant properties of vitamin C and E, supplementation has been shown to blunt adaptations to endurance training. In this study, we investigated the effects of vitamin C and E supplementation and endurance training on adaptations in endogenous antioxidants and heat shock proteins (HSP). Thirty seven males and females were randomly assigned to receive Vitamin C and E (C + E; C: 1000 mg, E: 235 mg daily) or placebo (PLA), and underwent endurance training for 11 weeks. After 5 weeks, a subgroup conducted a high intensity interval session to investigate acute stress responses. Muscle and blood samples were obtained to investigate changes in proteins and mRNA related to the antioxidant and HSP system. The acute response to the interval session revealed no effects of C + E supplementation on NFκB activation. However, higher stress responses to exercise in C + E group was indicated by larger translocation of HSPs and a more pronounced gene expression compared to PLA. Eleven weeks of endurance training decreased muscle GPx1, HSP27 and αB‐crystallin, while mnSOD, HSP70 and GSH remained unchanged, with no influence of supplementation. Plasma GSH increased in both groups, while uric acid decreased in the C + E group only. Our results showed that C + E did not affect long‐term training adaptations in the antioxidant‐ and HSP systems. However, the greater stress responses to exercise in the C + E group might indicate that long‐term adaptations occurs through different mechanisms in the two groups.

• Russnes, Kjell Magne; Wilson, Kathryn M.; Epstein, Mara M.; Kasperzyk, Julie L.; Stampfer, Meir J. & Kenfield, Stacey A. [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Total antioxidant intake in relation to prostate cancer incidence in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. International Journal of Cancer. ISSN 0020-7136. 134(5), s. 1156–1165. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28438. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Morrison, Martine; Heijden, Roel van der; Heeringa, Peter; Kaijzel, Eric; Verschuren, Lars & Blomhoff, Rune [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Epicatechin attenuates atherosclerosis and exerts anti-inflammatory effects on diet-induced human-CRP and NFκB invivo. Atherosclerosis. ISSN 0021-9150. 233(1), s. 149–156. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.12.027. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Slyskova, Jana; Lorenzo, Yolanda Corrales; Karlsen, Anette Solli; Carlsen, Monica Hauger; Novosadova, Vendula & Blomhoff, Rune [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Both genetic and dietary factors underlie individual differences in DNA damage levels and DNA repair capacity. DNA Repair. ISSN 1568-7864. 16(1), s. 66–73. doi: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.01.016. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Dewu, Maryam; Yamani, Naouale El; Bilyk, Olena; Holtung, Linda; Tjelle, Torunn Elisabeth & Blomhoff, Rune [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Leucocytes isolated from simply frozen whole blood can be used in human biomonitoring for DNA damage measurement with the comet assay. Cell Biochemistry and Function. ISSN 0263-6484. 32(3), s. 299–302. doi: 10.1002/cbf.3016. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holvik, Kristin; Gjesdal, Clara Gram; Tell, Grethe Seppola; Grimnes, Guri; Schei, Berit & Apalset, Ellen M [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Low serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol are associated with increased risk of hip fracture. A NOREPOS study. Osteoporosis International. ISSN 0937-941X. 25(11), s. 2545–2554. doi: 10.1007/s00198-014-2802-6. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Manickavasagar, Baheerathi; McArdle, Andrew J; Yadav, Pallavi; Shaw, Vanessa; Dixon, Marjorie A. & Blomhoff, Rune [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Hypervitaminosis A is prevalent in children with CKD and contributes to hypercalcemia. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, West). ISSN 0931-041X. 30(2), s. 317–325. doi: 10.1007/s00467-014-2916-2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bilbija, Dusan; Elmabsout, Ali Ateia; Sagave, Julia Fritzi; Haugen, Fred; Bastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah & Dahl, Christen Peder [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Expression of retinoic acid target genes in coronary artery disease. International Journal of Molecular Medicine. ISSN 1107-3756. 33(3), s. 677–686. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1623. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Paulsen, Gøran; Cumming, Kristoffer T.; Holden, Geir; Hallén, Jostein; Rønnestad, Bent & Sveen, Ole [Vis alle 19 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Vitamin C and E supplementation hampers cellular adaptation to endurance training in humans: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Journal of Physiology. ISSN 0022-3751. 592(8), s. 1887–1901. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.267419. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In this double-blind, randomised, controlled trial, we investigated the effects of vitamin C and E supplementation on endurance training adaptations in humans. Fifty-four young men and women were randomly allocated to receive either 1000 mg of vitamin C and 235 mg of vitamin E or a placebo daily for 11 weeks. During supplementation, the participants completed an endurance training programme consisting of three to four sessions per week (primarily of running), divided into high-intensity interval sessions [4-6 × 4-6 min; >90% of maximal heart rate (HRmax)] and steady state continuous sessions (30-60 min; 70-90% of HRmax). Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max ), submaximal running and a 20 m shuttle run test were assessed and blood samples and muscle biopsies were collected, before and after the intervention. Participants in the vitamin C and E group increased their VO2 max (mean ± s.d.: 8 ± 5%) and performance in the 20 m shuttle test (10 ± 11%) to the same degree as those in the placebo group (mean ± s.d.: 8 ± 5% and 14 ± 17%, respectively). However, the mitochondrial marker cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (COX4) and cytosolic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α) increased in the m. vastus lateralis in the placebo group by 59 ± 97% and 19 ± 51%, respectively, but not in the vitamin C and E group (COX4: -13 ± 54%; PGC-1α: -13 ± 29%; P ≤ 0.03, between groups). Furthermore, mRNA levels of CDC42 and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) in the trained muscle were lower in the vitamin C and E group than in the placebo group (P ≤ 0.05). Daily vitamin C and E supplementation attenuated increases in markers of mitochondrial biogenesis following endurance training. However, no clear interactions were detected for improvements in VO2 max and running performance. Consequently, vitamin C and E supplementation hampered cellular adaptations in the exercised muscles, and although this did not translate to the performance tests applied in this study, we advocate caution when considering antioxidant supplementation combined with endurance exercise.

• Cabo, Rona; Kozik, Karolina; Milanowski, Maciej; Hernes, Sigrunn; Slettan, Audun & Haugen, Margaretha [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). A simple high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the measurement of pyridoxal-5-phosphate and 4-pyridoxic acid in human plasma. Clinica Chimica Acta. ISSN 0009-8981. 433, s. 150–156. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.03.003. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kolberg, Marit; Paur, Ingvild; Balstad, Trude Rakel; Pedersen, Sigrid; Jacobs, David & Blomhoff, Rune (2013). Plant extracts of spices and coffee synergistically dampen nuclear factor–κB in U937 cells. Nutrition Research. ISSN 0271-5317. 33(10), s. 817–830. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.07.008. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Aoyama, K; Saha, A; Tolar, J; Riddle, MJ; Veenstra, RG & Taylor, PA [Vis alle 20 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). Inhibiting retinoic acid signaling ameliorates graft-versus-host disease by modifying T-cell differentiation and intestinal migration. Blood. ISSN 0006-4971. 122(12), s. 2125–2134. doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-11-470252. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holvik, Kristin; Ahmed, Luai Awad; Forsmo, Siri; Gjesdal, Clara Gram; Grimnes, Guri & Samuelsen, Sven Ove [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). Low Serum Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Predict Hip Fracture in the Elderly: A NOREPOS Study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism (JCEM). ISSN 0021-972X. 98(8), s. 3341–3350. doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-1468. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Despite considerable interest, the relationship between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the risk of hip fracture is not fully established. Objective: The objective of the study was to study the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations [s-25(OH)D] and the risk of hip fracture in Norway, a high-latitude country that has some of the highest hip fracture rates worldwide. Methods: A total of 21 774 men and women aged 65–79 years attended 4 community-based health studies during 1994–2001. Information on subsequent hip fractures was retrieved from electronic hospital discharge registers, with a maximum follow-up of 10.7 years. Using a stratified case-cohort design, s-25(OH)D was determined by HPLC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry in stored serum samples in hip fracture cases (n = 1175; 307 men, 868 women) and in gender-stratified random samples (n = 1438). Cox proportional hazards regression adapted for the case-cohort design was performed. Results: We observed an inverse association between s-25(OH)D and hip fracture; those with s-25(OH)D in the lowest quartile (<42.2 nmol/L) had a 38% [95% confidence interval (CI) 9–74%] increased risk of hip fracture compared with the highest quartile (≥67.9 nmol/L) in a model accounting for age, gender, study center, and body mass index. The association was stronger in men than in women: hazard ratio 1.65 (95% CI 1.04–2.61) vs hazard ratio 1.25 (95% CI 0.95–1.65). Conclusion: In this prospective case-cohort study of hip fractures, the largest ever reported, we found an increased risk of hip fracture in subjects in the lowest compared with the highest quartile of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. In accordance with the findings of previous community-based studies, low vitamin D status was a modest risk factor for hip fracture.

• Meyer, Haakon E; Robsahm, Trude Eid; Bjørge, Tone; Brustad, Magritt & Blomhoff, Rune (2013). Vitamin D, season, and risk of prostate cancer: a nested case-control study within Norwegian health studies. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0002-9165. 97(1), s. 147–154. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.039222. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Karlsen, Anette; Svendsen, Mette; Seljeflot, Ingebjørg; Laake, Petter; Duttaroy, Asim K. & Drevon, Christian A [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). Kiwifruit decreases blood pressure and whole-blood platelet aggregation in male smokers. Journal of Human Hypertension. ISSN 0950-9240. 27(2), s. 126–130. doi: 10.1038/jhh.2011.116. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah; Gundersen, Thomas Erik & Blomhoff, Rune (2012). Dried blood spot (DBS) sample collection for determination of the oxidative stress biomarker 8-epi-PGF2a in humans using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. ISSN 0951-4198. 26(6), s. 645–652. doi: 10.1002/rcm.6149. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bilbija, Dusan; Haugen, Fred; Sagave, Julia Fritzi; Baysa, Anton; Bastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah & Levy, Finn Olav [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2012). Retinoic Acid Signalling Is Activated in the Postischemic Heart and May Influence Remodelling. PLOS ONE. 7(9). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044740. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mihály, J.; Gericke, J.; Aydemir, G; Weiss, K.; Carlsen, Harald & Blomhoff, Rune [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2012). Reduced Retinoid Signaling in the Skin after Systemic Retinoid-X Receptor Ligand Treatment in Mice with Potential Relevance for Skin Disorders. Dermatology. ISSN 1018-8665. 225(4), s. 304–311. doi: 10.1159/000345496. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud; Russnes, Kjell Magne; Sakhi, Amrit Kaur; Thoresen, Magne; Holden, Marit & Moskaug, Jan Øivind [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2012). Stress associated gene expression in blood cells is related to outcome in radiotherapy treated head and neck cancer patients. BMC Cancer. 12. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-426. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background We previously observed that a radiotherapy-induced biochemical response in plasma was associated with favourable outcome in head and neck squamous carcinoma cancer (HNSCC) patients. The aim of the present study was to compare stress associated blood cell gene expression between two sub-groups of HNSCC patients with different biochemical responses to radiotherapy. Methods Out of 87 patients (histologically verified), 10 biochemical ‘responders’ having a high relative increase in plasma oxidative damage and a concomitant decrease in plasma antioxidants during radiotherapy and 10 ‘poor-responders’ were selected for gene-expression analysis and compared using gene set enrichment analysis. Results There was a significant induction of stress-relevant gene-sets in the responders following radiotherapy compared to the poor-responders. The relevance of the involvement of similar stress associated gene expression for HNSCC cancer and radioresistance was verified using two publicly available data sets of 42 HNSCC cases and 14 controls (GEO GSE6791), and radiation resistant and radiation sensitive HNSCC xenografts (E-GEOD-9716). Conclusions Radiotherapy induces a systemic stress response, as revealed by induction of stress relevant gene expression in blood cells, which is associated to favourable outcome in a cohort of 87 HNSCC patients. Whether these changes in gene expression reflects a systemic effect or are biomarkers of the tumour micro-environmental status needs further study.

• Kielland, Anders; Camassa, Laura Maria Azzurra; Døhlen, Gaute; Munthe, Ludvig Andre; Blomhoff, Rune & Amiry-Moghaddam, Mahmood [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2012). Activity in Perinatal Brain During Infectious and Hypoxic-Ischemic Insults revealed by a Reporter Mouse. Brain Pathology. ISSN 1015-6305. 22(4), s. 499–510. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2011.00548.x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Aydemir, Gamze; Carlsen, Harald; Blomhoff, Rune & Rühl, Ralph (2012). Lycopene induces retinoic acid receptor transcriptional activation in mice. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. ISSN 1613-4125. 56(5), s. 702–712. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201100681. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kielland, Anders; Camassa, Laura Maria Azzurra; Døhlen, Gaute; Munthe, Ludvig Andre; Blomhoff, Rune & Amiry-Moghaddam, Mahmood [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2012). NF-kappa B Activity in Perinatal Brain During Infectious and Hypoxic-Ischemic Insults Revealed by a Reporter Mouse. Brain Pathology. ISSN 1015-6305. 22(4), s. 499–510. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2011.00548.x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sexton, Joseph; Blomhoff, Rune; Karlsen, Anette & Laake, Petter (2012). Adaptive combination of dependent tests. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis. ISSN 0167-9473. 56(6), s. 1935–1943. doi: 10.1016/j.csda.2011.11.018. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Guo, Yanxia; Pino-Lagos, Karina; Ahonen, Cory A.; Bennett, Kathy A.; Wang, Jinshan & Napoli, Joseph L. [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2012). A Retinoic Acid-Rich Tumor Microenvironment Provides Clonal Survival Cues for Tumor-Specific CD8(+) T Cells. Cancer Research. ISSN 0008-5472. 72(20), s. 5230–5239. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-1727. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah; Kostovski, Emil; Sakhi, Amrit Kaur; Karlsen, Anette; Carlsen, Monica Hauger & Hjeltnes, Nils [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2012). Reduced Antioxidant Defense and Increased Oxidative Stress in Spinal Cord Injured Patients. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. ISSN 0003-9993. 93(12), s. 2223–2228. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.06.021. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Senoo, Haruki; Imai, Katsuyuki; Mezaki, Yoshihiro; Miura, Mitsutaka; Morii, Mayako & Fujiwara, Mutsunori [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2012). Accumulation of Vitamin A in the Hepatic Stellate Cell of Arctic Top Predators. Anatomical Record. ISSN 0003-276X. 295(10), s. 1660–1668. doi: 10.1002/ar.22555. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Paur, Ingvild; Carlsen, Monica Hauger; Halvorsen, Bente Lise & Blomhoff, Rune (2011). Antioxidants in Herbs and Spices: Roles in Oxidative Stress. I Benzie, Iris (Red.), Herbal Medicine, Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects. CRC Press. ISSN 9781439807132. s. 11–35. doi: 10.1201/b10787-3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Jaensson-Gyllenbäck, E.; Kotarsky, K.; Zapata, F; Persson, E. K.; Gundersen, Thomas Erik & Blomhoff, Rune [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2011). Bile retinoids imprint intestinal CD103(+) dendritic cells with the ability to generate gut-tropic T cells. Mucosal Immunology Update. ISSN 1068-7629. 4(4), s. 438–447. doi: 10.1038/mi.2010.91. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Brevik, Asgeir; Gaivao, Isabel; Medin, Tirill; Jørgensen, Aud Jeanette; Piasek, Anita Maria & Elilasson, Johanna [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2011). Supplementation of a western diet with golden kiwifruits (Actinidia chinensis var.'Hort 16A':) effects on biomarkers of oxidation damage and antioxidant protection. Nutrition Journal. 10. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-54. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background The health positive effects of diets high in fruits and vegetables are generally not replicated in supplementation trials with isolated antioxidants and vitamins, and as a consequence the emphasis of chronic disease prevention has shifted to whole foods and whole food products. Methods We carried out a human intervention trial with the golden kiwifruit, Actinidia chinensis, measuring markers of antioxidant status, DNA stability, plasma lipids, and platelet aggregation. Our hypothesis was that supplementation of a normal diet with kiwifruits would have an effect on biomarkers of oxidative status. Healthy volunteers supplemented a normal diet with either one or two golden kiwifruits per day in a cross-over study lasting 2 × 4 weeks. Plasma levels of vitamin C, and carotenoids, and the ferric reducing activity of plasma (FRAP) were measured. Malondialdehyde was assessed as a biomarker of lipid oxidation. Effects on DNA damage in circulating lymphocytes were estimated using the comet assay with enzyme modification to measure specific lesions; another modification allowed estimation of DNA repair. Results Plasma vitamin C increased after supplementation as did resistance towards H2O2-induced DNA damage. Purine oxidation in lymphocyte DNA decreased significantly after one kiwifruit per day, pyrimidine oxidation decreased after two fruits per day. Neither DNA base excision nor nucleotide excision repair was influenced by kiwifruit consumption. Malondialdehyde was not affected, but plasma triglycerides decreased. Whole blood platelet aggregation was decreased by kiwifruit supplementation. Conclusion Golden kiwifruit consumption strengthens resistance towards endogenous oxidative damage.

• Arntsen, A.; Sakhi, Amrit Kaur; Kalfoss, Torill; Maleta, Kenneth M.; Blomhoff, Rune & Duttaroy, Asim K. [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2011). Lower plasma levels of selenium and glutathione in smear-positive tuberculosis patients in Malawi. Ethiopian Journal of Health Development. ISSN 1021-6790. 25(3), s. 230–232. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Carlsen, Monica Hauger; Blomhoff, Rune & Andersen, Lene Frost (2011). Intakes of culinary herbs and spices from a food frequency questionnaire evaluated against 28-days estimated records. Nutrition Journal. 10. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-50. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Worldwide, herbs and spices are much used food flavourings. However, little data exist regarding actual dietary intake of culinary herbs and spices. We developed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for the assessment of habitual diet the preceding year, with focus on phytochemical rich food, including herbs and spices. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the intakes of herbs and spices from the FFQ with estimates of intake from another dietary assessment method. Thus we compared the intake estimates from the FFQ with 28 days of estimated records of herb and spice consumption as a reference method. Methods The evaluation study was conducted among 146 free living adults, who filled in the FFQ and 2-4 weeks later carried out 28 days recording of herb and spice consumption. The FFQ included a section with questions about 27 individual culinary herbs and spices, while the records were open ended records for recording of herbs and spice consumption exclusively. Results Our study showed that the FFQ obtained slightly higher estimates of total intake of herbs and spices than the total intake assessed by the Herbs and Spice Records (HSR). The correlation between the two assessment methods with regard to total intake was good (r = 0.5), and the cross-classification suggests that the FFQ may be used to classify subjects according to total herb and spice intake. For the 8 most frequently consumed individual herbs and spices, the FFQ obtained good estimates of median frequency of intake for 2 herbs/spices, while good estimates of portion sizes were obtained for 4 out of 8 herbs/spices. Conclusions Our results suggested that the FFQ was able to give good estimates of frequency of intake and portion sizes on group level for several of the most frequently used herbs and spices. The FFQ was only able to fairly rank subjects according to frequency of intake of the 8 most frequently consumed herbs and spices. Other studies are warranted to further explore the intakes of culinary spices and herbs.

• Carlsen, Monica Hauger; Karlsen, Anette; Lillegaard, Inger Therese L.; Gran, Jon Michael; Drevon, Christian A & Blomhoff, Rune [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2011). Relative validity of fruit and vegetable intake estimated from an FFQ, using carotenoid and flavonoid biomarkers and the method of triads. British Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0007-1145. 105(10), s. 1530–1538. doi: 10.1017/S0007114510005246. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Johansson, Lars; Andersen, Lene Frost; Iversen, Per Ole; Smeland, Sigbjørn & Blomhoff, Rune (2011). Nye norske matvarebaserte kostråd. Nordisk Nutrition. ISSN 1654-8337. 2, s. 12–15. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Halvorsen, Bente Lise & Blomhoff, Rune (2011). Determination of lipid oxidation products in vegetable oils and marine omega-3 supplements :. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 55, s. 12–12. doi: 10.3402/fnr.v55i0.5792. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Pino-Lagos, Karina; Guo, Yanxia; Brown, Chrysothemis; Alexander, Matthew P.; Elgueta, Raúl & Bennett, Kathryn A. [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2011). A retinoic acid-dependent checkpoint in the development of CD4(+) T cell-mediated immunity. Journal of Experimental Medicine (JEM). ISSN 0022-1007. 208(9), s. 1767–1775. doi: 10.1084/jem.20102358. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Brevik, Asgeir; Karlsen, Anette; Azqueta, Oscoz Amaya; Tirado, Anna Esteban; Blomhoff, Rune & Collins, Andrew Richard (2011). Both base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair in humans are influenced by nutritional factors. Cell Biochemistry and Function. ISSN 0263-6484. 29(1), s. 36–42. doi: 10.1002/cbf.1715. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Halvorsen, Bente Lise & Blomhoff, Rune (2011). Validation of a quantitative assay for the total content of lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants in foods. Food Chemistry. ISSN 0308-8146. 127(2), s. 761–768. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.142. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Villablanca, Eduardo J.; Wang, Sen; Calisto, Jamie de; Gomes, Daniel C. O.; Kane, Maureen A. & Napoli, Joseph L. [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2011). MyD88 and Retinoic Acid Signaling Pathways Interact to Modulate Gastrointestinal Activities of Dendritic Cells. Gastroenterology. ISSN 0016-5085. 141(1), s. 176–185. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.04.010. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Wang, Sen; Villablanca, Eduardo J.; Calisto, Jamie de; Gomes, Daniel C. O.; Nguyen, Deanna D. & Mizoguchi, Emiko [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2011). MyD88-Dependent TLR1/2 Signals Educate Dendritic Cells with Gut-Specific Imprinting Properties. Journal of Immunology. ISSN 0022-1767. 187(1), s. 141–150. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003740. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Follin-Arbelet, Virginie; Hofgaard, Peter Olaf; Hauglin, Harald; Naderi, Soheil; Sundan, Anders & Blomhoff, Rune [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2011). Cyclic AMP induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells and inhibits tumor development in a mouse myeloma model. BMC Cancer. 11. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-301. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Multiple myeloma is an incurable disease requiring the development of effective therapies which can be used clinically. We have elucidated the potential for manipulating the cAMP signaling pathway as a target for inhibiting the growth of multiple myeloma cells. Methods As a model system, we primarily used the murine multiple myeloma cell line MOPC315 which can be grown both in vivo and in vitro. Human multiple myeloma cell lines U266, INA-6 and the B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line Reh were used only for in vitro studies. Cell death was assessed by flow cytometry and western blot analysis after treatment with cAMP elevating agents (forskolin, prostaglandin E2 and rolipram) and cAMP analogs. We followed tumor growth in vivo after forskolin treatment by imaging DsRed-labelled MOPC315 cells transplanted subcutaneously in BALB/c nude mice. Results In contrast to the effect on Reh cells, 50 μM forskolin more than tripled the death of MOPC315 cells after 24 h in vitro. Forskolin induced cell death to a similar extent in the human myeloma cell lines U266 and INA-6. cAMP-mediated cell death had all the typical hallmarks of apoptosis, including changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential and cleavage of caspase 3, caspase 9 and PARP. Forskolin also inhibited the growth of multiple myeloma cells in a mouse model in vivo. Conclusions Elevation of intracellular levels of cAMP kills multiple myeloma cells in vitro and inhibits development of multiple myeloma in vivo. This strongly suggests that compounds activating the cAMP signaling pathway may be useful in the field of multiple myeloma.

• Karlsen, Anette; Svendsen, Mette; Seljeflot, Ingebjørg; Sommernes, Mary-Ann; Sexton, Joseph & Brevik, Asgeir [Vis alle 23 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2011). Compliance, tolerability and safety of two antioxidant-rich diets: a randomised controlled trial in male smokers. British Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0007-1145. 106(4), s. 557–571. doi: 10.1017/S0007114511000353. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Gouranton, E; Aydemir, G; Reynaud, E; Marcotorchino, J; Malezet, C & Caris-Veyrat, C [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2011). Apo-10 '-lycopenoic acid impacts adipose tissue biology via the retinoic acid receptors. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. ISSN 1388-1981. 1811(12), s. 1105–1114. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.09.002. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Balstad, Trude Rakel; Carlsen, Harald; Myhrstad, Mari; Kolberg, Marit; Reiersen, Hanne & Gilen, Lene [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2011). Coffee, broccoli and spices are strong inducers of electrophile response element-dependent transcription in vitro and in vivo - Studies in electrophile response element transgenic mice. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. ISSN 1613-4125. 55(2), s. 185–197. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201000204. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ha, Lisa Ah Fung; Sakhi, Amrit Kaur; Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud; Flekkøy, Kjell- Magne; Blomhoff, Rune & Iversen, Per Ole [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2011). Antioxidant status after an acute stroke and the association with survival in elderly at nutritional risk. e - SPEN: the European e-journal of clinical nutrition and metabolism. 6(3), s. e135–e141. doi: 10.1016/j.eclnm.2011.02.004. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Paur, Ingvild; Carlsen, Harald & Blomhoff, Rune (2011). In vivo Imaging of Antioxidant Effects on NF-kappaB Activity in Reporter Mice. I Basu, Samar & Wiklund, Lars (Red.), Studies on experimental Models. Oxidative Stress in Applied and Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Humana Press. ISSN 9781607619550. s. 157–184. doi: 10.1007/978-1-60761-956-7_7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Carlsen, Monica Hauger; Lillegaard, Inger Therese L.; Karlsen, Anette; Blomhoff, Rune; Drevon, Christian A & Andersen, Lene Frost (2010). Evaluation of energy and dietary intake estimates from a food frequency questionnaire using independent energy expenditure measurement and weighed food records. Nutrition Journal. 9. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-9-37. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background We have developed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for the assessment of habitual diet, with special focus on the intake of fruit, vegetables and other antioxidant-rich foods and beverages. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relative validity of the intakes of energy, food and nutrients from the FFQ. Methods Energy intake was evaluated against independent measures of energy expenditure using the ActiReg® system (motion detection), whereas 7-days weighed food records were used to study the relative validity of food and nutrient intake. The relationship between methods was investigated using correlation analyses and cross-classification of participants. The visual agreement between the methods was evaluated using Bland-Altman plots. Results We observed that the FFQ underestimated the energy intake by approximately 11% compared to the energy expenditure measured by the ActiReg®. The correlation coefficient between energy intake and energy expenditure was 0.54 and 32% of the participants were defined as under-reporters. Compared to the weighed food records the percentages of energy from fat and added sugar from the FFQ were underestimated, whereas the percentage of energy from total carbohydrates and protein were slightly overestimated. The intake of foods rich in antioxidants did not vary significantly between the FFQ and weighed food records, with the exceptions of berries, coffee, tea and vegetables which were overestimated. Spearman's Rank Order Correlations between FFQ and weighed food records were 0.41 for berries, 0.58 for chocolate, 0.78 for coffee, 0.61 for fruit, 0.57 for fruit and berry juices, 0.40 for nuts, 0.74 for tea, 0.38 for vegetables and 0.70 for the intake of wine. Conclusions Our new FFQ provides a good estimate of the average energy intake and it obtains valid data on average intake of most antioxidant-rich foods and beverages. Our study also showed that the FFQs ability to rank participants according to intake of total antioxidants and most of the antioxidant-rich foods was good.

• Melhus, Håkan; Snellman, Greta; Gedeborg, Rolf; Byberg, Liisa; Berglund, Lars & Mallmin, Hans [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Fracture Risk in a Community-Based Cohort of Elderly Men in Sweden. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism (JCEM). ISSN 0021-972X. 95(6), s. 2637–2645. doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-2699. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Carlsen, Monica Hauger; Halvorsen, Bente Lise; Holte, Kari; Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud; Dragland, Steinar & Sampson, Laura [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). The total antioxidant content of more than 3100 foods, beverages, spices, herbs and supplements used worldwide. Nutrition Journal. 9. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-9-3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Conclusions: This database is to our best knowledge the most comprehensive Antioxidant Food Database published and it shows that plant-based foods introduce significantly more antioxidants into human diet than non-plant foods. Because of the large variations observed between otherwise comparable food samples the study emphasizes the importance of using a comprehensive database combined with a detailed system for food registration in clinical and epidemiological studies. The present antioxidant database is therefore an essential research tool to further elucidate the potential health effects of phytochemical antioxidants in diet.

• Balstad, Trude Rakel; Carlsen, Harald; Myhrstad, Mari Charlotte; Kolberg, Marit; Reiersen, Hanne & Gilen, Lene [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). Coffee, broccoli and spices are strong inducers of electrophile response element-dependent transcription in vitro and in vivo - Studies in electrophile response element transgenic mice. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. ISSN 1613-4125. 54. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201000204. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Scope: Cytoprotective gene products, e.g. phase II – and antioxidant enzymes, are important in cellular redox homeostasis. A common feature of these genes is binding sites for transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), named electrophile response elements (EpREs) within their promoters. Methods and results: To identify dietary bioactive compounds and foods with Nrf2/EpRE inducing properties in an intact organism, we utilized transgenic mice encoding luciferase under control of EpRE from the thioredoxin promoter. We found that 18 of 31 phytochemicals and 10 of 14 dietary plant extracts induced EpRE activity in liver HepG2 cells. Surprisingly, some dietary plant extracts showed profound inducing capability as compared to pure compounds indicating combinatorial effects of compounds found in whole foods. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injections of carnosol, curcumin and tert benzohydroquinine induced EpRE-dependent promoter activity in transgenic mice. In further experiments with curcumin, we found highly induced EpRE activity in intestine, liver, kidney and spleen. Finally, a combination extract made of coffee, thyme, broccoli, rosemary, turmeric and red onion fed orally, induced EpRE mediated luciferase in lung and adipose tissue. Conclusion: These results show that plant-based foods contain compounds that can be absorbed and induce the antioxidant defence in a living organism in an organ-specific manner.

• Andersson, H; Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud; Raastad, Truls; Paulsen, Gøran; Blomhoff, Rune & Kadi, F (2010). Differences in the inflammatory plasma cytokine response following two elite female soccer games separated by a 72-h recovery. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. ISSN 0905-7188. 20(5), s. 740–747. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00989.x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  We investigated changes in a large battery of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in elite female soccer players following two 90-min games separated by a 72-h active or passive recovery. Blood samples were taken from 10 players before, within 15–20 min, 21, 45 and 69 h after the first game and within 15–20 min after the second game. The leukocyte count was analyzed, together with several plasma pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, using a multiplex bead array system. After the first and second game, the total leukocytes and neutrophils increased significantly. Likewise, increases (P<0.05) in pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-12, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (INF-γ), IL-17], chemokines [monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-8 and monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG)], anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2R, IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-10, IL-13, INF-α) and the mixed cytokine IL-6 were observed. Leukocyte and cytokine levels were normalized within 21 h. Active recovery (low-intensity exercises) did not affect the cytokine responses. A dampened cytokine response was observed after the second game as only IL-12, IL-6, MCP-1, IL-8 and MIG increased (P<0.05). In conclusion, a robust pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine response occurs after the first but not the second soccer game. The implications of the dampened cytokine response in female players after the second game are unknown.

• Volman, Julia J.; Mensink, Ronald P.; Ramakers, Julian D.; Winther, Menno P. de; Carlsen, Harald & Blomhoff, Rune [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). Dietary (1 -&gt; 3), (1 -&gt; 4)-beta-D-glucans from oat activate nuclear factor-kappa B in intestinal leukocytes and enterocytes from mice. Nutrition Research. ISSN 0271-5317. 30(1), s. 40–48. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2009.10.023. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Michaëlsson, Karl; Baron, John A.; Snellman, Greta; Gedeborg, Rolf; Byberg, Liisa & Sundstrom, J [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). Plasma vitamin D and mortality in older men: a community-based prospective cohort study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0002-9165. 92(4), s. 841–848. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29749. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Andersson, Helena; Karlsen, Anette; Blomhoff, Rune; Raastad, T & Kadi, Fawzi (2010). Plasma antioxidant responses and oxidative stress following a soccer game in elite female players. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. ISSN 0905-7188. 20(4), s. 600–608. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00987.x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  We aimed to investigate markers of oxidative stress and levels of endogenous and dietary antioxidants in 16 elite female soccer players in response to a 90-min game (average intensity 82±3% HRpeak). Blood samples were taken before, immediately and 21 h after the game. Plasma-oxidized glutathione, the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) and lipid peroxidation measured by d-ROMs were used as markers of oxidative stress. Plasma endogenous [uric acid, total glutathione (TGSH)] and dietary antioxidants (?-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, total carotenoids and polyphenols) were analyzed using liquid chromatography and the Folin?Ciocalteu method. Exercise induced an acute increase (P<0.05) in GSSG, uric acid, TGSH, ?-tocopherol, and ascorbic acid. In parallel, the GSH:GSSG ratio and polyphenols decreased (P<0.05). GSSG, GSH:GSSG ratio, uric acid, TGSH, and ascorbic acid returned to baseline at 21 h, while polyphenols and ?-tocopherol remained altered. Total carotenoids increased above baseline only at 21 h (P<0.05). Lipid peroxidation, measured by d-ROMs, remained unchanged throughout the study. Thus, intermittent exercise in well-trained female athletes induces a transient increase in GSSG and a decrease in the GSH:GSSG ratio, which is effectively balanced by the recruitment of both endogenous and dietary antioxidants, resulting in the absence of lipid peroxidation measured by d-ROMs.

• Paur, Ingvild; Balstad, Trude Rakel; Kolberg, Marit; Pedersen, Marit Kolby; Austenaa, Liv Magnhild & Jacobs, David [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). Extract of Oregano, Coffee, Thyme, Clove, and Walnuts Inhibits NF-kappa B in Monocytes and in Transgenic Reporter Mice. Cancer Prevention Research. ISSN 1940-6207. 3(5), s. 653–663. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-09-0089. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Paur, Ingvild; Balstad, Trude Rakel & Blomhoff, Rune (2010). Degree of roasting is the main determinant of the effects of coffee on NF-kappa B and EpRE. Free Radical Biology & Medicine. ISSN 0891-5849. 48(9), s. 1218–1227. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.02.005. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Karlsen, Anette; Paur, Ingvild; Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud; Sakhi, Amrit Kaur; Borge, Grethe iren andersen & Serafini, Mauro [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). Bilberry juice modulates plasma concentration of NF-kappa B related inflammatory markers in subjects at increased risk of CVD. European Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 1436-6207. 49(6), s. 345–355. doi: 10.1007/s00394-010-0092-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud; Myhrstad, Mari Charlotte; Thoresen, Magne; Holden, Marit; Karlsen, Anette & Tunheim, Siv Haugen [Vis alle 17 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). Blood cell gene expression associated with cellular stress defense is modulated by antioxidant-rich food in a randomised controlled clinical trial of male smokers. BMC Medicine. 8. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-8-54. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Plant-based diets rich in fruit and vegetables can prevent development of several chronic age-related diseases. However, the mechanisms behind this protective effect are not elucidated. We have tested the hypothesis that intake of antioxidant-rich foods can affect groups of genes associated with cellular stress defence in human blood cells. Trial registration number: NCT00520819 http://clinicaltrials.gov. Methods In an 8-week dietary intervention study, 102 healthy male smokers were randomised to either a diet rich in various antioxidant-rich foods, a kiwifruit diet (three kiwifruits/d added to the regular diet) or a control group. Blood cell gene expression profiles were obtained from 10 randomly selected individuals of each group. Diet-induced changes on gene expression were compared to controls using a novel application of the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) on transcription profiles obtained using Affymetrix HG-U133-Plus 2.0 whole genome arrays. Results Changes were observed in the blood cell gene expression profiles in both intervention groups when compared to the control group. Groups of genes involved in regulation of cellular stress defence, such as DNA repair, apoptosis and hypoxia, were significantly upregulated (GSEA, FDR q-values < 5%) by both diets compared to the control group. Genes with common regulatory motifs for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and AhR nuclear translocator (AhR/ARNT) were upregulated by both interventions (FDR q-values < 5%). Plasma antioxidant biomarkers (polyphenols/carotenoids) increased in both groups. Conclusions The observed changes in the blood cell gene expression profiles suggest that the beneficial effects of a plant-based diet on human health may be mediated through optimization of defence processes.

• Andersson, Helena; Karlsen, Anette; Blomhoff, Rune; Raastad, Truls & Kadi, F (2010). Active recovery training does not affect the antioxidant response to soccer games in elite female players. British Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0007-1145. 104(10), s. 1492–1499. doi: 10.1017/S0007114510002394. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Changes in plasma endogenous and dietary antioxidants and oxidative stress markers were studied following two 90 min elite female soccer games separated by 72 h of either active or passive recovery. The active recovery group (n 8) trained for 1 h at 22 and 46 h after the first game (low-intensity cycling and resistance training), while the passive group rested (n 8). Blood samples were taken before the games; immediately after the games; 21, 45 and 69 h after the first game; and immediately after the second game. The oxidative stress markers and antioxidants were not affected by active recovery. The oxidative stress marker GSSG increased by the same extent after both the games, while the lipid peroxidation marker diacron-reactive oxygen metabolite remained unchanged. The endogenous antioxidants total glutathione and uric acid and ferric reducing/antioxidant power increased immediately after both the games with the same amplitude, while increases in cysteine, cysteine–glycine and total thiols reached significant levels only after the second game. The changes in dietary antioxidants after the first game were either rapid and persistent (tocopherols and ascorbic acid (AA) increased; polyphenols decreased) or delayed (carotenoids). This resulted in high pre-second game levels of tocopherols, AA and carotenoids. Polyphenols returned to baseline at 69 h, and were not affected by the second game. In conclusion, the soccer-associated dietary antioxidant defence, but not the endogenous antioxidant defence, is persistent. Similar acute oxidative stress and endogenous antioxidant responses and dissimilar dietary antioxidant reactions occur during two repeated female soccer games. Finally, the complex antioxidant response to soccer is not affected by active recovery training.

• Sakhi, Amrit Kaur; Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud; Smeland, Sigbjørn; Thoresen, Magne; Berge, Guro & Tausjø, Johan Elling [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). Postradiotherapy Plasma Lutein, alpha-Carotene, and beta-Carotene Are Positively Associated With Survival in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Nutrition and Cancer. ISSN 0163-5581. 62(3), s. 322–328. doi: 10.1080/01635580903441188. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Balstad, Trude Rakel; Paur, Ingvild; Poulsen, M; Markowski, J; Kolodziejczyk, K & Dragsted, LO [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). Apple, Cherry, and Blackcurrant Increases Nuclear Factor Kappa B Activation in Liver of Transgenic Mice. Nutrition and Cancer. ISSN 0163-5581. 62(6), s. 841–848. doi: 10.1080/01635581003695749. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B) is essential in normal physiology, and several human disorders involve inappropriate regulation of NF-B. Diets dominated by plant-based foods protect against chronic diseases, and several food derived compounds have been identified as promising NF-B modulators. We investigated the effects of diets supplemented with apple, blackcurrant, or cherries on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NF-B activation in transgenic NF-B-luciferase mice. Whole body and organ specific NF-B activities were determined. The mice had ad libitum access to the respective experimental diets for 7 days. On Day 7, all mice were given an LPS-injection (2.5 mg/kg), and NF-B activation was monitored by in vivo imaging for 6 h. After imaging, blood samples were taken, the mice were euthanized, and ex vivo imaging of organs was performed. Compared to the control group, the apple and cherry groups had slightly higher whole-body NF-B activation at 4 h, and all 3 experimental groups had higher NF-B activation at 6 h. LPS-induced NF-B activation in liver was increased with all 3 experimental diets, but no effects were observed in other organs. Our findings indicate that high intakes of lyophilized fruits modulate in vivo NF-B signaling in the liver following LPS-induced stress; however, consequences of this NF-B modulation in hepatic tissue needs further investigation.

• Austenaa, Liv Magnhild; Carlsen, Harald; Hollung, Kristin; Blomhoff, Heidi Kiil & Blomhoff, Rune (2009). Retinoic acid dampens LPS-induced NF-kappa B activity: results from human monoblasts and in vivo imaging of NF-kappa B reporter mice. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. ISSN 0955-2863. 20(9), s. 726–734. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.07.002. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ertesvåg, Åse; Austenaa, Liv Magnhild; Carlsen, Harald; Blomhoff, Rune & Blomhoff, Heidi Kiil (2009). Retinoic acid inhibits in vivo interleukin-2 gene expression and T-cell activation in mice. Immunology. ISSN 0019-2805. 126(4), s. 514–522. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02913.x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah; Gundersen, Thomas Erik & Blomhoff, Rune (2009). Determination of 8-epi PGF(2 alpha) concentrations as a biomarker of oxidative stress using triple-stage liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. ISSN 0951-4198. 23(18), s. 2885–2890. doi: 10.1002/rcm.4197. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ingelsson, E; Sundstrom, J; Melhus, H; Michaelsson, K; Berne, C & Vasan, RS [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2009). Circulating retinol-binding protein 4, cardiovascular risk factors and prevalent cardiovascular disease in elderly. Atherosclerosis. ISSN 0021-9150. 206(1), s. 239–244. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.02.029. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Carlsen, Harald; Haugen, Fred; Zadelaar, Susanne; Kleeman, Robert; Kooistra, Teake & Drevon, Christian A [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2009). Diet-induced obesity increases NF-kappa B signaling in reporter mice. Genes & Nutrition. ISSN 1555-8932. 4(3), s. 215–222. doi: 10.1007/s12263-009-0133-6. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Czibik, Gabor Tamas; Sagave, Julia Fritzi; Martinov, Vladimir Nikolkaev; Ishaq, Bushra; Sohl, M & Sefland, Iren [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2009). Cardioprotection by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha transfection in skeletal muscle is dependent on haem oxygenase activity in mice. Cardiovascular Research (CVR). ISSN 0008-6363. 82(1), s. 107–114. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvp035. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Strom, K; Gundersen, Thomas Erik; Hansson, O; Lucas, S; Fernandez, C & Blomhoff, Rune [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2009). Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is also a retinyl ester hydrolase: evidence from mice lacking HSL. The FASEB Journal. ISSN 0892-6638. 23(7), s. 2307–2316. doi: 10.1096/fj.08-120923. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sakhi, Amrit Kaur; Russnes, Kjell Magne; Thoresen, Magne; Bastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah; Karlsen, Anette & Smeland, Sigbjørn [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2009). Pre-radiotherapy plasma carotenoids and markers of oxidative stress are associated with survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients: a prospective study. BMC Cancer. 9(1), s. 458–458. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Balmer, James Edward & Blomhoff, Rune (2009). Evolution of Transcription Factor Binding Sites in Mammalian Gene Regulatory Regions: Handling Counterintuitive Results. Journal of Molecular Evolution. ISSN 0022-2844. 68(6), s. 654–664. doi: 10.1007/s00239-009-9238-1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kielland, Anders; Blom, Thomas; Nandakumar, Kutty; Holmdahl, Rikard; Blomhoff, Rune & Carlsen, Harald (2009). In vivo imaging of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in inflammation using the luminescent probe L-012. Free Radical Biology & Medicine. ISSN 0891-5849. 47(6), s. 760–766. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.06.013. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Schmidt, K; Hughes, C; Chudek, JA; Goodyear, SR; Aspden, RM & Talbot, R [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2009). Cholesterol Metabolism: the Main Pathway Acting Downstream of Cytochrome P450 Oxidoreductase in Skeletal Development of the Limb. Molecular and Cellular Biology. ISSN 0270-7306. 29(10), s. 2716–2729. doi: 10.1128/MCB.01638-08. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Phillips, KM; Carlsen, Monica Hauger & Blomhoff, Rune (2009). Total Antioxidant Content of Alternatives to Refined Sugar. Journal of the American Dietetic Association (JADA). ISSN 0002-8223. 109(1), s. 64–71. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2008.10.014. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Zangani, Michael Mehrdad; Carlsen, Harald; Kielland, Anders; Os, Audun; Hauglin, Harald & Blomhoff, Rune [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2009). Tracking Early Autoimmune Disease by Bioluminescent Imaging of NF-kappa B Activation Reveals Pathology in Multiple Organ Systems. American Journal of Pathology. ISSN 0002-9440. 174(4), s. 1358–1367. doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080700. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hole, Anastasia s.; Grimmer, Stine; Naterstad, Kristine; Jensen, Merete Rusås; Paur, Ingvild & Johansen, Siril Garmannvik [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2009). Activation and Inhibition of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Activity by Cereal Extracts: Role of Dietary Phenolic Acids. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. ISSN 0021-8561. 57(20), s. 9481–9488. doi: 10.1021/jf9021459. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rossen, E Van; Borght, S Vander; Grunsven, L van; Reynaert, H; Bruggeman, V & Blomhoff, Rune [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2009). Vinculin and cellular retinol-binding protein-1 are markers for quiescent and activated hepatic stellate cells in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded human liver. Histochemistry and Cell Biology. ISSN 0948-6143. 131(3), s. 313–325. doi: 10.1007/s00418-008-0544-2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Pavert, SA van de; Olivier, BJ; Goverse, G; Vondenhoff, MF; Greuter, M & Beke, P [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2009). Chemokine CXCL13 is essential for lymph node initiation and is induced by retinoic acid and neuronal stimulation. Nature Immunology. ISSN 1529-2908. 10(11), s. 1193–U78. doi: 10.1038/ni.1789. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Retterstøl, Kjetil; Drevon, Christian A & Blomhoff, Rune (2019). Kapittel 28: Hjerte-karsykdommer. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISBN 9788202643904. 540 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Drevon, Christian A & Blomhoff, Rune (2012). Mat og medisin. Lærebok i generell og klinisk ernæring. 6. utgave. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISBN 9788276349672. 540 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Blomhoff, Rune; Arnesen, Erik Kristoffer & Christensen, Jacob J. (2024). De nye nordiske kostrådene bygger på solide systematiske kunnskapsoppsummeringer. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 144(1), s. 1–4. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0814. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Anandavadivelan, Poorna; Cardinale, Daniele; Blomhoff, Rune; Sunde, Berit; Lassen, Kristoffer & Kleive, Dyre [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Blood flow restriction Exercise in the perioperative setting to Prevent loss of muscle mass in patients with pancreatic, biliary tract, and liver cancer: study protocol for the PREV-Ex randomized controlled trial. Trials. 25(1). doi: 10.1186/s13063-024-08207-5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Patients diagnosed with pancreatic, biliary tract, and liver cancer often suffer from a progressive loss of muscle mass. Given the considerable functional impairments in these patients, high musculoskeletal weight loads may not be well tolerated by all individuals. The use of blood-flow restricted resistance training (BFR-T) which only requires low training loads may allow for a faster recovery of muscle due to avoidance of high levels of mechanical muscle stress associated with high-load resistance exercise. This study aims to investigate whether BFR-T can prevent or slow down the loss of skeletal muscle mass and enhance the functional capacity and mental health of patients with pancreatic, biliary tract, and liver cancer. Methods The PREV-Ex exercise trial is a multicenter two-armed randomized controlled trial. Patients will be randomized to an exercise program consisting of home-based low-load BFR-T during a combined pre- and postoperative period for a total of 6–10 weeks (prehabilitation and rehabilitation), or to a control group. Protein supplementation will be given to both groups to ensure adequate protein intake. The primary outcomes, skeletal muscle thickness and muscle cross-sectional area, will be assessed by ultrasound. Secondary outcomes include the following: (i) muscle catabolism-related and inflammatory bio-markers (molecular characteristics will be assessed from a vastus lateralis biopsy and blood samples will be obtained from a sub-sample of patients); (ii) patient-reported outcome measures (self-reported fatigue, health-related quality of life, and nutritional status will be assessed through validated questionnaires); (iii) physical fitness/performance/activity (validated tests will be used to evaluate physical function, cardiorespiratory fitness and maximal isometric muscle strength. Physical activity and sedentary behavior (assessed using an activity monitor); (iv) clinical outcomes: hospitalization rates and blood status will be recorded from the patients’ medical records; (v) explorative outcomes of patients’ experience of the exercise program which will be evaluated using focus group/individual interviews. Discussion It is worthwhile to investigate new strategies that have the potential to counteract the deterioration of skeletal muscle mass, muscle function, strength, and physical function, all of which have debilitating consequences for patients with pancreatic, biliary tract, and liver cancer. The expected findings could improve prognosis, help patients stay independent for longer, and possibly reduce treatment-related costs. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05044065. Registered on September 14, 2021.

• Christensen, Jacob Juel; Blomhoff, Rune & Arnesen, Erik Kristoffer (2023). Rødt kjøtt i NNR2023: hvorfor 350 gram per uke? doi: 10.18261/ntfe.21.4.5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Henriksen, Hege Berg; Carlsen, Monica Hauger; Knudsen, Markus Dines; Hjartåker, Anette & Blomhoff, Rune (2023). Digikost: A digital application for diet and lifestyle assessment and benchmarking against national guidelines. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fadnes, Lars T.; Furulund, Einar; Druckrey-Fiskaaen, Karl Trygve; Madebo, Tesfaye; Vold, Jørn Henrik & Olsvold, Maria [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Effect of fruit smoothie supplementation on psychological distress among people with substance use disorders receiving opioid agonist therapy: protocol for a randomised controlled trial (FruktBAR). BMC Nutrition. 8. doi: 10.1186/s40795-022-00582-z. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: People with substance use disorders generally have unhealthy diets, including limited intake of fruit and vegetables. Evidence shows substantial health benefits from increasing fruit and vegetable consumption on various indicators and possibly also psychological distress. A pilot study has indicated that supplementation with fruit smoothie could be promising also among people receiving opioid agonist therapy for opioid dependence. FruktBAR will compare the efficacy of added fruit smoothie supplementation to people receiving opioid agonist therapy compared to standard treatment without added supplementation. Methods: FruktBAR is a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. The trial will aim to recruit 302 patients receiving opioid agonist therapy. The intervention involves daily supplementation with 250 ml fruit smoothie including a variety of fruits such as apple, pineapple, mango, bananas, orange, blueberries, passion fruit, coconut, lime, and blackcurrant. The main endpoints are 16 weeks after intervention initiation. Participants will be included and followed up during and after the intervention. The target group will be patients with opioid dependence receiving opioid agonist therapy from involved outpatient clinics in Bergen and Stavanger, two of the largest cities in Norway. The main outcome is psychological distress assessed with Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL-10) at the end of the intervention period 16 weeks after initiation, and will be compared between the intervention and control arms. Secondary outcome measures are changes in fatigue, physical functioning assessed with a 4-minute step-test, health-related quality of life, biochemical indicators of inflammation, and biochemical indicators of fruit intake. Discussion: This study will inform on the relative advantages or disadvantages of fruit supplementation in addition to the current medically and psychologically oriented treatment of people receiving opioid agonist therapy. If the supplementation is efficacious, it can be considered for further scale-up.

• Paur, Ingvild; Henriksen, Christine; Kværner, Ane Sørlie; Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud & Blomhoff, Rune (2022). Reply – Letter to the Editor by FM Silva on “Agreement between GLIM and PG-SGA for diagnosis of malnutrition depends on the screening tool used in GLIM”. Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0261-5614. 41(10), s. 2414–2415. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.07.019. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nordengen, Anne Lene; Zheng, Congying; Raastad, Truls; Collins, Andrew Richard; Blomhoff, Rune & Shaposhnikov, Sergey (2022). Diet as a potential moderator for DNA stability in colorectal cancer survivors - a randomized controlled trial. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kværner, Ane Sørlie; Knudsen, Markus Dines; Hjartåker, Anette; Henriksen, Hege; Blomhoff, Rune & Hoff, Geir Svein [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Kost, livsstil og tarmscreening. Norsk tidsskrift for ernæring (NTFE). ISSN 1503-5034. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Larsen, Sunniva Veen; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Flatberg, Arnar; Christensen, Jacob J.; Leder, Lena & Blomhoff, Rune [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Effects of replacing saturated fatty acids with polyunsaturated fatty acids on gene expression profiles of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a double-blind randomised controlled trial. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kværner, Ane Sørlie; Minaguchi, Jun; Yamani, Naouale El; Henriksen, Christine; Ræder, Hanna & Paur, Ingvild [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). DNA damage in blood cells in relation to chemotherapy and nutritional status in colorectal cancer patients. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rangel-Huerta, Oscar Daniel; Paur, Ingvild; Bastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah; Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud; Lilleby, Wolfgang & Smeland, Sigbjørn [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Association between amino acids, biomarkers of prostate cancer and inflammation in Norwegian prostate cancer patients. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ræder, Hanna; Henriksen, Christine; Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud; Vilbo, Anne Rikke O`de Fey; Henriksen, Hege & Kværner, Ane Sørlie [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). A high proportion of cachectic cancer patients are not identified by the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment tool. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Olausen, Hans Robert; Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud; Carlsen, Harald & Blomhoff, Rune (2015). Activation of p53 and antioxidant relevant transcriptional response by broccoli in colon cancer cells. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud; Kværner, Ane Sørlie; Henriksen, Hege; Ræder, Hanna; Paur, Ingvild & Blomhoff, Rune (2015). The nutrigenomic response to a 12 months dietary RCT in CRC patients. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kværner, Ane Sørlie; Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud; Henriksen, Hege; Paur, Ingvild; Ræder, Hanna & Blomhoff, Rune (2015). Kjøttkonsum og kreftrisiko – hva sier forskningen? Norsk tidsskrift for ernæring (NTFE). ISSN 1503-5034. s. 18–22. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Finnes, Trine Elisabeth; Lofthus, Cathrine Marie; Søgaard, Anne-Johanne; Tell, Grethe Seppola; Apalset, Ellen M & Gjesdal, Clara Gram [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). Low serum vitamin K1 increases the risk of hip fractures only at low vitamin D status. A NOREPOS study. European Geriatric Medicine. ISSN 1878-7649. 6, s. S17–S17. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holvik, Kristin; Gjesdal, Clara Gram; Tell, Grethe S; Grimnes, Guri; Apalset, Ellen M & Schei, Berit [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). Low serum concentration of vitamin E is associated with increased risk of hip fracture in the elderly. A NOREPOS case-cohort study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. ISSN 0884-0431. 28, s. S63–S63. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The increased oxidative stress associated with ageing influences the formation and survival of bone forming and bone resorbing cells. Vitamin E, of which α-tocopherol is the most abundant form in human tissues, is a plant-derived lipid soluble substance with potent antioxidant properties. The relation between vitamin E concentrations in blood and risk of hip fracture has not previously been investigated in a population-based study. We aimed to study the association between α-tocopherol levels in serum and risk of hip fractures in elderly men and women in Norway, the population with the world’s highest hip fracture incidence. In the Norwegian Epidemiologic Osteoporosis Studies (NOREPOS), we performed a case-cohort analysis in 21,774 men and women aged 65-79 years (mean 72 y) who underwent baseline examinations in four population-based health studies during 1994-2001. Data on incident hip fractures occurring up to 10.7 years of follow-up were retrieved from electronic patient administrative systems. Frozen serum samples from baseline were analyzed in participants who suffered a hip fracture during follow-up (n=1179; 307 men and 872 women) and in sex-stratified random samples from baseline (n=1447, including 89 of those who later suffered a hip fracture). α-tocopherol in serum was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorescence detection. Cox proportional hazards regression adapted for the case-cohort design was performed with adjustment for age, sex, and study center. Median (25, 75-percentile) serum α-tocopherol concentration was 30.0 (22.6, 38.3) µmol/l. A linear inverse relation between serum α-tocopherol levels and hip fracture was observed, with hazard ratio (HR) 1.12 (95% CI 1.04-1.20) per 10 µmol/l lower serum α-tocopherol. HR of hip fracture in the lowest (<22.6 µmol/l) compared with the highest (>=38.3 µmol/l) quartile of serum α-tocopherol was 1.53 (95% CI 1.18-1.97). The trend was linear across quartiles (p<0.001). Additional adjustment for body mass index, cigarette smoking, month of blood draw, and length of education yielded similar results. In conclusion, low serum concentrations of α-tocopherol were associated with increased risk of hip fracture in both men and women.

• Holvik, Kristin; Gjesdal, Clara Gram; Tell, Grethe S; Grimnes, Guri; Schei, Berit & Apalset, Ellen M [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). Low serum concentrations of vitamin E are associated with increased risk of hip fracture in older Norwegians. A NOREPOS study. Norsk Epidemiologi, Supplement. ISSN 0803-4206. 23, s. 21–21. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Aim: We aimed to study the association between α-tocopherol concentrations in serum and risk of hip fractures in older men and women. Methods: In the Norwegian Epidemiologic Osteoporosis Studies (NOREPOS) we performed a case-cohort analysis in 21,774 men and women aged 65-79 years (mean 72 y) who underwent baseline examinations in four community-based health studies during 1994-2001. Data on incident hip fractures were retrieved from electronic patient administrative systems. Frozen serum samples from baseline were analyzed in participants who suffered a hip fracture during median 8.2 years of follow-up (n=1168) and in sex-stratified random samples from baseline (n=1434). α-tocopherol was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorescence detection. Cox proportional hazards regression adapted for the case-cohort design was performed with adjustment for age, sex, and study center. Results: We observed a linear inverse relation between serum α-tocopherol levels and hip fracture, with hazard ratio (HR) 1.11 (95% CI 1.04-1.20) per 10 µmol/l lower serum α-tocopherol. HR of hip fracture in the lowest (<22.6 µmol/l) compared with the highest (>=38.3 µmol/l) quartile of serum α-tocopherol was 1.51 (95% CI 1.17-1.95). Adjustment for serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and retinol, smoking, month of blood sample, body mass index, education, physical inactivity and self-rated health yielded similar results. Conclusion: Low serum concentrations of α-tocopherol were associated with increased risk of hip fracture in older Norwegian men and women.

• Blomhoff, Rune & Meyer, Haakon E (2013). Feil om fett. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 133(6), s. 612–612. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.13.0271. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holvik, Kristin; Samuelsen, Sven Ove; Ahmed, Luai Awad; Forsmo, Siri; Gjesdal, Clara Gram & Grimnes, Guri [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2012). Low serum levels of vitamins D and A predict hip fracture in the elderly. A multicenter case-cohort study within the Norwegian Epidemiologic Osteoporosis Studies (NOREPOS). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Norwegians have among the highest hip fracture rates worldwide. Vitamin D status is generally good and vitamin A intake is relatively high in Norway. Increased fracture risk at high intakes and serum levels of retinol have been observed in earlier epidemiologic studies. Objective: To study whether serum concentration of vitamins D and A in elderly Norwegians are related to risk of hip fracture, and whether high serum vitamin A (retinol) may counteract a possible protective effect of vitamin D. Methods: N=21,774 men and women aged 65-79 attended four community-based health studies during 1994- 2001. Subsequent hip fractures were retrieved from hospitals’ patient administrative systems, with maximum follow-up 10.7 years. 25(OH)D was determined by HPLC-APCI-MS and retinol by HPLC-UV in baseline serum samples in cases and weighted random samples of men and women. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression modified for the case-cohort design was performed using R. Results: During median follow-up 8.2 years, 340 men (3.4%) and 892 women (7.5%) suffered a hip fracture. We found an inverse association between 25(OH)D and hip fracture; HR 1.35 (95% CI 1.07-1.70) for <50 nmol/l compared with >75 nmol/l. Compared with middle retinol levels (2-3 μmol/l), low levels (<2 μmol/l) was associated with increased hip fracture risk: HR 1.27 (95% CI 1.00-1.62). In stratified analyses, the inverse association between 25(OH)D and risk of hip fracture was apparent at low retinol levels in men, but only at high retinol levels in women. Conclusion: Both 25(OH)D and retinol were inversely associated with risk of hip fracture.

• Holvik, Kristin; Ahmed, Luai A.; Blomhoff, Rune; Forsmo, Siri; Gjesdal, Clara Gram & Grimnes, Guri [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2012). Vitamin D status in home-dwelling elderly across Norway and prospective risk of hip fracture. A case-cohort study within the Norwegian Epidemiologic Osteoporosis Studies (NOREPOS). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holvik, Kristin; Ahmed, Luai A.; Blomhoff, Rune; Forsmo, Siri; Gjesdal, Clara Gram & Grimnes, Guri [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2012). Vitamin D status and the risk of hip fracture in elderly in Norway. A four-center case-cohort study within the Norwegian Epidemiologic Osteoporosis Studies (NOREPOS). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective: The relationship between vitamin D status and risk of hip fracture has not been established. Our aim was to study this relationship in a population-based case-cohort study of elderly men and women in Norway. Methods: N=21,774 men and women aged 65-79 years attended baseline examinations in four population-based health studies in Norway during 1994-2001. Subsequent hip fractures were retrieved from patient administrative systems and verified by X-ray or medical records, with maximum follow-up 10.7 years. All hip fracture cases and randomly sampled gender-specific subcohorts of men (4.5% yielding n=444) and women (9.0% yielding n=1058) were selected for analysis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in serum samples from baseline stored at −80°C. 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 was determined by HPLC-APCI-MS. We performed Cox proportional hazards regression of hip fracture vs. quartiles of total 25(OH)D, with left-truncation for age at baseline and right-censoring for age at exit, inverse probability weighting and robust variance, adjusted for study site. Additional analyses were adjusted for season of blood sample, body mass index, daily cigarette smoking, and self-rated health. Results: During a median follow-up of 8.2 years, 1232 individuals (340 men (3.4%) and 892 women (7.5%)) sustained a hip fracture. The subcohorts included 1502 individuals of whom 93 were also cases. Intact frozen serum was available and successfully analysed in n=2526 (95.6%). In men, there was a trend of increasing risk of hip fracture with decreasing 25(OH)D, statistically significant for Q1 (<43.3 nmol/l) vs. Q4 (>=69.2 nmol/l): HR 1.68 (95% CI 1.05-2.68) in the main analysis, and HR 1.65 (95% CI 1.01-2.67) in the fully adjusted analysis. In women, there was no significant relation between 25(OH)D and hip fracture. However, there was a tendency of increased HR in decreasing quartiles of 25(OH)D in adjusted analysis, with HR 1.19 (95% CI 0.90-1.59) in Q1 (<41.5 nmol/l) vs. Q4 (>=67.0 nmol/l). Conclusion: According to these preliminary analyses, lower vitamin D status was significantly associated with increased HR of hip fracture in men, but not women.

• Cabo, Rona Natalie; Hernes, Sigrunn; Slettan, Audun; Haugen, H; Ye, S & Blomhoff, Rune [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2011). Effect of polymorphisms in genes coding for enzyme involved in folate metabolism on the concentration of serum folate in healthy subjects during folic acid supplementation. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Berhe, Nega; Myrvang, Bjørn; Blomhoff, Rune & Gundersen, Svein Gunnar (2011). Access to antioxidant rich diet and development of schistosomal periportal fibrosis (PPF): report from an Ethiopian cohort revisited after 10 years. Tropical medicine & international health. ISSN 1360-2276. 16(S1), s. 276–276. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holvik, Kristin; Meyer, Haakon E; Gjesdal, Clara Gram; Blomhoff, Rune & Tell, Grethe S (2011). The Association Between S-25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Total Femur BMD May Depend on Serum Concentrations of Retinol in Men. The Hordaland Health Study and The Oslo Health Study. Norwegian Epidemiologic Osteoporosis Studies (NOREPOS). Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. ISSN 0884-0431. 26. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: A positive association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) levels and BMD is commonly seen in observational studies. It has been suggested that a positive effect of vitamin D on BMD may be counteracted by high concentrations of retinol. Methods: In a sample of elderly men and women born 1924-27 who participated in two population-based osteoporosis health studies in Bergen (59°N) and Oslo (60°N), and who were randomly selected to the subcohort of a case-cohort study, 170 participants (72 men and 98 women) had BMD measurements performed by DXA in 1998-2001 (age at examination 71-77 years). DXA measurements of total femur were performed on two different densitometers (Lunar Expert and Lunar DPX-L) that were cross-calibrated for this purpose. Serum analyses of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and retinol were performed by respectively HPLC-APCI-MS and HPLC-UV, simultaneously in the same laboratory. Linear regression analyses were stratified by gender. Age, body mass index, and season of blood sampling were included as covariates. Results: Mean (SD) total femur BMD was 0.94 (0.15) g/cm2 in men and 0.81 (0.11) g/cm2 in women (p<0.001). Mean (SD) s-25(OH)D and s-retinol was 58.1 (23.1) nmol/l and 2.49 (0.73) µmol/l, respectively, and not significantly different in women than men. The association between s-25(OH)D and BMD was not significant. The interaction term between s-retinol and s-25(OH)D on BMD was statistically significant for men (p=0.016) but not women (p=0.23). In men, the coefficient for ΔBMD per 20 nmol/l increase in s-25(OH)D was reduced by 0.036 g/cm2 (corresponding to 1/4 SD) for each µmol/l higher s-retinol. Conclusion: The notion that a positive association between vitamin D status and BMD may be dependent on serum retinol levels was supported by these preliminary data in men, but not women.

• Karlsen, Anette; Lilleby, Wolfgang; Klein, Willibrord; Laake, Petter; Fosså, Sophie Dorothea & Eri, Lars Magne [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). A phase I/II randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of two dietary intervention strategies in prostate cancer patients. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Henriksen, Hege; Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud; Erlund, Iris & Blomhoff, Rune (2010). Health Effects of a Typical Norwegian Diet among Colorectal Cancer Survivors. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Dannevig, Ingrid; NESSE, ANN LISBETH; Blomhoff, Rune; Nakstad, Britt & Saugstad, Ola Didrik (2010). Phytochemicals Can Reduce mRNA Levels of TNF-alpha and ICAM-1 in Brain When Reoxygenating Asphyxlated Newborn Pigs with 100% Oxygen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sakhi, Amrit Kaur; Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud & Blomhoff, Rune (2010). Bilberry juice- a modulator of cardiovascular inflammation. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Karlsen, Anette; Paur, Ingvild; Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud; Sakhi, Amrit Kaur; Iren, Borge Grethe & Serafini, Mauro [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2009). Bilberry juice modulate plasma concentration of NF- related inflammatory markers in subjects at increased risk of CVD. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sakhi, Amrit Kaur & Blomhoff, Rune (2009). Metabolomics to elucidate the effect of antioxidant-rich diet in inflammation and oxidative stress related diseases in transgenic mice and human intervention studies. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: The main aim of the research group of professor Rune Blomhoff is to elucidate mechanisms behind protective effects of fruits and vegetable intake in inflammation and oxidative stress related diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, cataract and other neurodegenerative diseases. In order to study these mechanisms, we have systematically done various approaches: 1. Identification of plants that are rich in antioxidants. 2. Developed cells and transgenic mice using the reporter luciferase controlled by small oxidative stress- or inflammation related response elements. Studying the effect of antioxidant-rich plant foods on these response elements. 3. Human intervention studies with different groups of participants in order to study the effect of antioxidant-rich plant diet on different antioxidant and oxidative stress biomarkers. Here are some of the intervention studies we already have conducted. • Head and neck cancer patients (samples are collected before and after radiotherapy and studied association of plasma antioxidants and oxidative stress biomarkers with survival) • Top athlete study (samples are collected before and after intervention with blueberry/grape juice in elite athletes competing in endurance sport) • Oslo antioxidant study (samples are collected before and after intervention with antioxidant rich foods in middle-aged smoking men) • Prostate cancer study (patients with prostate cancer is treated with dietary antioxidants before surgery or radiation) • Follicular lymphoma study (patients with follicular lymphoma are studies with different oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers) 4. Gene-array analysis in some of above mentioned human intervention studies. Methods and results: We have collected plasma samples and in some studies red blood samples from participants. The plasma samples are collected in different anticoagulant tubes (heparin, EDTA and citrate) and the samples are frozen in -80 ºC. We have analysed some antioxidant biomarkers like GSH, GSSG, total thiols (cysteine, homocysteine, cysteinyl glycine), carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthine, -cryptoxanthine, -carotene, -carotene and lycopene), tocpherols (, -, -, and -), vitamin C (both reduced and oxidized forms) and total anatioxidant capacity measured by e.g. by FRAP or ORAC. Among oxidative stress biomarkers, we have analyzed 8-iso PGF2 and d-ROMs (total hydroperoxides). We have also analyzed cytokines in some of the human intervention studies. Future plans: After establishing gene-array analysis in some of these studies, we want to further analyse metabolomics such that we can study the different processes/pathways from gene-array analysis results in a more complete manner. We have a LC-MS-MS at our lab that we are planning to use for this purpose. From the transgenic mice, we have also different tissue samples that are frozen in -80 ºC. Samples from these animals are collected almost continuously such that sample collection procedures can be modified if required.

• Sakhi, Amrit Kaur; Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud; Kvendbø, Eva; Helle, Christine; Garthe, Ina & Erlund, Iris [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2009). Effect of blueberry and red grape juice on plasma antioxidants, inflammation, oxidative- and muscle damage biomarkers in elite athletes practicing endurance training. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background and aim: Intensive exercise of long duration increases blood levels of oxidative damage- and inflammatory biomarkers. Different polyphenols in blueberries and red grapes have antioxidant properties and prevent oxidative damage, thereby, contributing in prevention of different oxidative stress related diseases like cancer, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes. The aim of our study was to study the effect of polyphenol-rich juice on the plasma antioxidants, inflammation, oxidative- and muscle damage- biomarkers in elite athletes practicing endurance exercise. Methods: The study is randomized, double-blind and followed a parallel design with 5-8 week intervention period. Norwegian male athletes competing in endurance sports at national team levels exercising 15 hours or more per week were recruited through Olympiatoppen. After washout period of one week, the participants were invited to give fasting blood samples and anthropometric measurements. The juice group consumed two boxes of European blueberry/red grape juices (2 x 330 mL) every day in the intervention period. The placebo group received a placebo drink (2 x 330 mL) every day with similar carbohydrate and energy amount as the juice. The participants registered their physical exercise every day during the intervention period. We have measured 35 different plasma/erythrocyte antioxidants including 12 different polyphenols, plasma total antioxidant capacity, 5 different plasma/erythrocyte oxidative damage biomarkers, marker for muscle damage, 23 different inflammatory markers in fasting blood samples taken before and after 5-8 weeks of intervention. Results: Among the antioxidants measured, polyphenols increased significantly in the juice group (p<0.05). The muscle damage biomarker creatine kinase decreased significantly in the juice group (p=0.055) and most of the inflammation biomarkers decreased in the juice group. Conclusion: The results indicate that the blueberry and red grape juice increases the concentration of different polyphenols in the plasma and may reduce muscle damage and inflammation in elite athletes. Supported by: The Norwegian Cancer Society, The Research Council of Norway, Throne Holst Foundation and Tine BA.

• Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud; Myhrstad, Mari Charlotte; Thoresen, Magne; Marciuch, Anne; Vasstrand, Ann kristin & Carlsen, Monica Hauger [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2009). Effect of berry and grape polyphenols on cognition and blood parameters in normal, aged men with subjective memory decline. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flekkøy, Kjell- Magne; Engedal, Knut Arne; Bohn, Siv kjølsrud; Myhrstad, Mari; Thoresen, Magne & Carlsen, Monica h. [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2008). Effect of berry polyphenols on cognition and clinical parameters in normal, aged men with subjective memory decline. A pilot study. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Blomhoff, Rune; Andersen, Rikke; Arnesen, Erik Kristoffer; Christensen, Jacob Juel; Eneroth, Hanna & Erkkola, Maijaliisa [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Nordisk ministerråd. doi: 10.6027/nord2023-003. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud; Blomhoff, Rune & Thoresen, Magne (2011). Antioxidant-rich foods induce genes associated with stress defence : implications for cancer and other oxidative stress related conditions. Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 9788282641487. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Paur, Ingvild & Blomhoff, Rune (2010). Dietary Plants and Modulation of Transcription Factor Activity. Ingvild Paur. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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