Frank Becker

• The RELEASE Collaboration (2021): “Predictors of Poststroke Aphasia Recovery - A Systematic Review-Informed Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis” Stroke 52 (5), 1778–1787
• Øra HP. Kirmess M, Brady MC, Partee IAC, Hognestad RB, Johannessen BCB, Thommessen B, Becker F (2020): “The effect of augmented speech-language therapy delivered by telerehabilitation on post stroke aphasia – a pilot randomized controlled trial” Clinical Rehabilitation (e-pub ahead of print: https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215519896616)
• Gjellesvik TI, Becker F, Tjønna AE, Indredavik B, Nilsen H, Brurok B, Tørhaug T, Busuladzic M, Lydersen S, Askim T (2020): “Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training after Stroke (The HIIT-Stroke study) - A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial” Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 101 (6), 939 – 947
• Brunner I, Skouen JS, Hofstad H, Assmus J, Becker F, Sanders AM, Pallesen H, Kristensen LQ, Michielsen M, Thijs L, Verheyden G (2017): “Virtual Reality Training for Upper Extremity in Subacute Stroke (VIRTUES)” Neurology, 12(89): 2413 – 2421
• Becker F, Kirmess M, Tornås S, Løvstad M (2014): “A description of cognitive rehabilitation at Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital – Balancing comprehensive holistic rehabilitation and retraining of specific functional domains” NeuroRehabilitation, 34 (1), 87 – 100
• Becker F, Reinvang I (2007): “Mismatch negativity elicited by tones and speech sounds: Changed topographical distribution in aphasia” Brain and Language, 100 , 69 – 78

• Behn, Nicholas; Harrison, Madeleine; Brady, Marian C; Breitenstein, Caterina; Carragher, Marcella & Fridriksson, Julius [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Developing, monitoring, and reporting of fidelity in aphasia trials: core recommendations from the collaboration of aphasia trialists (CATs) trials for aphasia panel. Aphasiology. ISSN 0268-7038. doi: 10.1080/02687038.2022.2037502.
• Brady, Marian C.; Ali, Myzoon; Vandenberg, Kathryn; Williams, Linda J.; Williams, Louise R. & Abo, Masahiro [Vis alle 50 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Dosage, Intensity, and Frequency of Language Therapy for Aphasia: A Systematic Review–Based, Individual Participant Data Network Meta-Analysis. Stroke. ISSN 0039-2499. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.035216. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background and Purpose: Optimizing speech and language therapy (SLT) regimens for maximal aphasia recovery is a clinical research priority. We examined associations between SLT intensity (hours/week), dosage (total hours), frequency (days/week), duration (weeks), delivery (face to face, computer supported, individual tailoring, and home practice), content, and language outcomes for people with aphasia. Methods: Databases including MEDLINE and Embase were searched (inception to September 2015). Published, unpublished, and emerging trials including SLT and ≥10 individual participant data on aphasia, language outcomes, and time post-onset were selected. Patient-level data on stroke, language, SLT, and trial risk of bias were independently extracted. Outcome measurement scores were standardized. A statistical inferencing, one-stage, random effects, network meta-analysis approach filtered individual participant data into an optimal model examining SLT regimen for overall language, auditory comprehension, naming, and functional communication pre-post intervention gains, adjusting for a priori–defined covariates (age, sex, time poststroke, and baseline aphasia severity), reporting estimates of mean change scores (95% CI). Results: Data from 959 individual participant data (25 trials) were included. Greatest gains in overall language and comprehension were associated with >20 to 50 hours SLT dosage (18.37 [10.58–26.16] Western Aphasia Battery–Aphasia Quotient; 5.23 [1.51–8.95] Aachen Aphasia Test–Token Test). Greatest clinical overall language, functional communication, and comprehension gains were associated with 2 to 4 and 9+ SLT hours/week. Greatest clinical gains were associated with frequent SLT for overall language, functional communication (3–5+ days/week), and comprehension (4–5 days/week). Evidence of comprehension gains was absent for SLT ≤20 hours, <3 hours/week, and ≤3 days/week. Mixed receptive-expressive therapy, functionally tailored, with prescribed home practice was associated with the greatest overall gains. Relative variance was <30%. Risk of trial bias was low to moderate; low for meta-biases. Conclusions: Greatest language recovery was associated with frequent, functionally tailored, receptive-expressive SLT, with prescribed home practice at a greater intensity and duration than reports of usual clinical services internationally. These exploratory findings suggest critical therapeutic ranges, informing hypothesis-testing trials and tailoring of clinical services.

• Williams, Louise R; Ali, Myzoon; Vandenberg, Kathryn; Williams, Linda J.; Abo, Masahiro & Becker, Frank [Vis alle 50 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Utilising a systematic review-based approach to create a database of individual participant data for meta- and network meta-analyses: the RELEASE database of aphasia after stroke. Aphasiology. ISSN 0268-7038. doi: 10.1080/02687038.2021.1897081. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Collation of aphasia research data across settings, countries and study designs using big data principles will support analyses across different language modalities, levels of impairment, and therapy interventions in this heterogeneous population. Big data approaches in aphasia research may support vital analyses, which are unachievable within individual trial datasets. However, we lack insight into the requirements for a systematically created database, the feasibility and challenges and potential utility of the type of data collated. Aim: To report the development, preparation and establishment of an internationally agreed aphasia after stroke research database of individual participant data (IPD) to facilitate planned aphasia research analyses. Methods: Data were collated by systematically identifying existing, eligible studies in any language (≥10 IPD, data on time since stroke, and language performance) and included sourcing from relevant aphasia research networks. We invited electronic contributions and also extracted IPD from the public domain. Data were assessed for completeness, validity of value-ranges within variables, and described according to pre-defined categories of demographic data, therapy descriptions, and language domain measurements. We cleaned, clarified, imputed and standardised relevant data in collaboration with the original study investigators. We presented participant, language, stroke, and therapy data characteristics of the final database using summary statistics. Results: From 5256 screened records, 698 datasets were potentially eligible for inclusion; 174 datasets (5928 IPD) from 28 countries were included, 47/174 RCT datasets (1778 IPD) and 91/174 (2834 IPD) included a speech and language therapy (SLT) intervention. Participants’ median age was 63 years (interquartile range [53, 72]), 3407 (61.4%) were male and median recruitment time was 321 days (IQR 30, 1156) after stroke. IPD were available for aphasia severity or ability overall (n = 2699; 80 datasets), naming (n = 2886; 75 datasets), auditory comprehension (n = 2750; 71 datasets), functional communication (n = 1591; 29 datasets), reading (n = 770; 12 datasets) and writing (n = 724; 13 datasets). Information on SLT interventions were described by theoretical approach, therapy target, mode of delivery, setting and provider. Therapy regimen was described according to intensity (1882 IPD; 60 datasets), frequency (2057 IPD; 66 datasets), duration (1960 IPD; 64 datasets) and dosage (1978 IPD; 62 datasets). Discussion: Our international IPD archive demonstrates the application of big data principles in the context of aphasia research; our rigorous methodology for data acquisition and cleaning can serve as a template for the establishment of similar databases in other research areas.

• Ali, Myzoon; Vandenberg, Kathryn; Williams, Linda J.; Williams, Louise R.; Abo, Masahiro & Becker, Frank [Vis alle 50 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Predictors of Poststroke Aphasia Recovery. A Systematic Review-Informed Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis. Stroke. ISSN 0039-2499. 52(5), s. 1778–1787. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.031162. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background and Purpose: The factors associated with recovery of language domains after stroke remain uncertain. We described recovery of overall-language-ability, auditory comprehension, naming, and functional-communication across participants’ age, sex, and aphasia chronicity in a large, multilingual, international aphasia dataset. Methods: Individual participant data meta-analysis of systematically sourced aphasia datasets described overall-language ability using the Western Aphasia Battery Aphasia-Quotient; auditory comprehension by Aachen Aphasia Test (AAT) Token Test; naming by Boston Naming Test and functional-communication by AAT Spontaneous-Speech Communication subscale. Multivariable analyses regressed absolute score-changes from baseline across language domains onto covariates identified a priori in randomized controlled trials and all study types. Change-from-baseline scores were presented as estimates of means and 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was described using relative variance. Risk of bias was considered at dataset and meta-analysis level. Results: Assessments at baseline (median=43.6 weeks poststroke; interquartile range [4–165.1]) and first-follow-up (median=10 weeks from baseline; interquartile range [3–26]) were available for n=943 on overall-language ability, n=1056 on auditory comprehension, n=791 on naming and n=974 on functional-communication. Younger age (<55 years, +15.4 Western Aphasia Battery Aphasia-Quotient points [CI, 10.0–20.9], +6.1 correct on AAT Token Test [CI, 3.2–8.9]; +9.3 Boston Naming Test points [CI, 4.7–13.9]; +0.8 AAT Spontaneous-Speech Communication subscale points [CI, 0.5–1.0]) and enrollment <1 month post-onset (+19.1 Western Aphasia Battery Aphasia-Quotient points [CI, 13.9–24.4]; +5.3 correct on AAT Token Test [CI, 1.7–8.8]; +11.1 Boston Naming Test points [CI, 5.7–16.5]; and +1.1 AAT Spontaneous-Speech Communication subscale point [CI, 0.7–1.4]) conferred the greatest absolute change-from-baseline across each language domain. Improvements in language scores from baseline diminished with increasing age and aphasia chronicity. Data exhibited no significant statistical heterogeneity. Risk-of-bias was low to moderate-low. Conclusions: Earlier intervention for poststroke aphasia was crucial to maximize language recovery across a range of language domains, although recovery continued to be observed to a lesser extent beyond 6 months poststroke.

• Søberg, Helene Lundgaard; Moksnes, Håkon Øgreid; Anke, Audny; Røise, Olav; Røe, Ellen-Cecilie Treu & Aas, Eline [Vis alle 20 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Rehabilitation Needs, Service Provision, and Costs in the First Year Following Traumatic Injuries: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study. JMIR Research Protocols. ISSN 1929-0748. 10(4), s. 1–10. doi: 10.2196/25980. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Gjellesvik, Tor Ivar; Becker, Frank; Tjønna, Arnt Erik; Indredavik, Bent; Lundgaard, Eivind & Solbakken, Hedvig Rystad [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training After Stroke (The HIIT Stroke Study) on Physical and Cognitive Function: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. ISSN 0003-9993. 102(9), s. 1683–1691. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.05.008. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective: To assess the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on physical, mental, and cognitive functioning after stroke. Design: The HIIT Stroke Study was a single-blind, multicenter, parallel-group randomized controlled trial. Setting: Specialized rehabilitation units at 3 Norwegian hospitals. Participants: Adult stroke survivors (N=70) 3 months to 5 years after a first-ever stroke. Mean age was 57.6§9.2 years and 58.7§9.2 years in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Interventions: Participants were randomized to standard care in combination with 4£4 minutes of treadmill HIIT at 85%-95% of peak heart rate or standard care only. Outcomes: Outcomes were measured using physical, mental, and cognitive tests and the FIM and Stroke Impact Scale. Linear mixed models were used to analyze differences between groups at posttest and 12-month follow-up. Results: The intervention group showed a significant treatment effect (95% confidence interval [CI]) from baseline to posttest on a 6-minute walk test of 28.3 (CI, 2.80-53.77) meters (P=.030); Berg Balance Scale 1.27 (CI, 0.17-2.28) points (P=.025); and Trail Making Test Part B (TMT-B; 24.16 [CI, 46.35 to 1.98] s, P=.033). The intervention group showed significantly greater improvement on TMT-B at the 12-month followup (25.44 [CI, 49.01 to 1.87] s, P=.035). The control group showed significantly greater improvement in total Functional Independence Measure score with a treatment effect of 2.37 (CI, 4.30 to 0.44) points (P=.016) at 12-month follow-up. No significant differences were identified between groups on other outcomes at any time point. Conclusions: HIIT combined with standard care improved walking distance, balance, and executive function immediately after the intervention compared with standard care only. However, only TMT-B remained significant at the 12-month follow-up.

• Brady, Marian C.; Ali, Myzoon; Williams, Louise R; Williams, Linda J.; Abo, Masahiro & Becker, Frank [Vis alle 67 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Communicating simply, but not too simply: Reporting of participants and speech and language interventions for aphasia after stroke. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. ISSN 1754-9507. 22(3), s. 302–312. doi: 10.1080/17549507.2020.1762000. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Becker, Frank; Laake, Jon Henrik & Hofsø, Kristin (2020). Rehabilitering etter Covid-19. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 140(9), s. 1–6. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0352.
• Øra, Hege Prag; Kirmess, Melanie; Brady, Marian C.; Sørli, Hilde & Becker, Frank (2020). Technical Features, Feasibility, and Acceptability of Augmented Telerehabilitation in Post-stroke Aphasia—Experiences From a Randomized Controlled Trial. Frontiers in Neurology. ISSN 1664-2295. 11(671). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Wouda, Matthijs Ferdinand; Lundgaard, Eivind; Becker, Frank & Strøm, Vegard (2020). Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and activity levels over the first year after discharge in ambulatory persons with recent incomplete spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. ISSN 1362-4393. doi: 10.1038/s41393-020-0514-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Brady, Marian C.; Ali, Myzoon; Vandenberg, Kathryn; Williams, Linda J.; Abo, Masahiro & Becker, Frank [Vis alle 50 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). RELEASE: a protocol for a systematic review based, individual participant data, meta- and network meta-analysis, of complex speech-language therapy interventions for stroke-related aphasia. Aphasiology. ISSN 0268-7038. 34(2), s. 137–157. doi: 10.1080/02687038.2019.1643003. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øra, Hege Prag; Kirmess, Melanie; Brady, Marian C.; Partee, Iselin Anne Cecilia; Hognestad, Randi Bjor & Johannessen, Beate Bertheau [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). The effect of augmented speech-language therapy delivered by telerehabilitation on post stroke aphasia – a pilot randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation. ISSN 0269-2155. 34(3), s. 369–381. doi: 10.1177/0269215519896616. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mæhlum Walle, Kjersti; Nordvik, Jan Egil; Becker, Frank; Espeseth, Thomas; Sneve, Markus Handal & Laeng, Bruno (2019). Unilateral neglect post stroke: Eye movement frequencies indicate directional hypokinesia while fixation distributions suggest compensational mechanism. Brain and Behavior. ISSN 2162-3279. 9:e01170(1). doi: 10.1002/brb3.1170. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Langhammer, Birgitta; Sunnerhagen, Katharina Stibrant; Sällström, susanne; Becker, Frank & Stanghelle, Johan K (2018). Tilbake til arbeid etter hjerneslag- en studie fra sju land om personer med funksjonsnedsettelse etter hjerneslag SIN(Sunnaas International Network) stroke study. Best Practice. ISSN 1329-1874. s. 25–28.
• Mæhlum Walle, Kjersti; Nordvik, Jan Egil; Espeseth, Thomas; Becker, Frank & Laeng, Bruno (2018). Multiple object tracking and pupillometry reveal deficits in both selective and intensive attention in unilateral spatial neglect. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. ISSN 1380-3395. 49(3), s. 270–289. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2018.1536735.
• Langhammer, Birgitta; Sunnerhagen, Katharina Stibrant; Lundgren-Nilsson, Åsa; Sällström, susanne; Becker, Frank & Stanghelle, Johan K (2018). En observasjonell multisenterstudie i spesialisert rehabilitering. Faktorer som forbedrer aktivitetene i dagliglivet etter slag. Best Practice. ISSN 1329-1874.
• Langhammer, Birgitta; Sunnerhagen, Kathrina Skibrunt; Sällström, susanne; Becker, Frank & Stanghelle, Johan K (2018). Return to work after specialized rehabilitation-An explorative longitudinal study in a cohort of severely disabled persons with stroke in seven countries: The Sunnaas International Network stroke study. Brain and Behavior. ISSN 2162-3279. 8(8). doi: 10.1002/brb3.1055. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Chatelle, Camille; Hauger, Solveig Lægreid; Martial, Charlotte; Becker, Frank; Eifert, Bernd & Boering, Dana [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Assessment of nociception and pain in participants in an unresponsive or minimally conscious state after acquired brain injury: the relation between the coma recovery scale-revised and the nociception coma scale-revised. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. ISSN 0003-9993. 99(9), s. 1755–1762. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2018.03.009.
• Øra, Hege Prag; Kirmess, Melanie; Brady, Marian C.; Winsnes, Ingvild Elisabeth; Hansen, Silje Merethe & Becker, Frank (2018). Telerehabilitation for aphasia - Protocol of a pragmatic, exploratory, pilot randomized controlled trial. Trials. ISSN 1745-6215. 19(208). doi: 10.1186/s13063-018-2588-5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Wouda, Matthijs Ferdinand; Lundgaard, Eivind; Becker, Frank & Strøm, Vegard (2018). Effects of moderate- and high-intensity aerobic training program in ambulatory subjects with incomplete spinal cord injury–a randomized controlled trial. Spinal Cord. ISSN 1362-4393. 56, s. 955–963. doi: 10.1038/s41393-018-0140-9.
• Nyberg, Claudia Kim; Nordvik, Jan Egil; Becker, Frank; Rohani, Darius; Sederevicius, Donatas & Fjell, Anders Martin [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). A longitudinal study of computerized cognitive training in stroke patients - effects on cognitive function and white matter. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation. ISSN 1074-9357. 25(4), s. 241–247. doi: 10.1080/10749357.2018.1443570. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Brunner, Iris Charlotte; Skouen, Jan Sture; Hofstad, Håkon; Assmus, Jörg; Becker, Frank & Sanders, Anne-Marthe [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Virtual Reality Training for Upper Extremity in Subacute Stroke (VIRTUES): A multicenter RCT. Neurology. ISSN 0028-3878. 12(89), s. 2413–2421. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004744.
• Karic, Tanja; Røe, Cecilie; Nordenmark, Tonje Haug; Becker, Frank; Sorteberg, Wilhelm & Sorteberg, Angelika (2017). Effect of early mobilization and rehabilitation on complications in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Journal of Neurosurgery. ISSN 0022-3085. 126(2), s. 518–526. doi: 10.3171/2015.12.JNS151744. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mæhlum Walle, Kjersti; Kyler, Hillary Lynn; Nordvik, Jan Egil; Becker, Frank & Laeng, Bruno (2017). Binocular rivalry after right-hemisphere stroke: Effects of attention impairment on perceptual dominance patterns. Brain and Cognition. ISSN 0278-2626. 117, s. 84–96. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2017.06.007.
• Langhammer, Birgitta; Sunnerhagen, Katharina Stibrant; Lundgren-Nilsson, Åsa; Sällström, susanne; Becker, Frank & Stanghelle, Johan K (2017). Factors promoting /enhancing Activities of Daily Living after stroke in specialized rehabilitation. An observational multicenter study within the Sunnaas International Network. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. ISSN 1973-9087. 53(5), s. 725–734. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.17.04489-6.
• Langhammer, Birgitta; Sunnerhagen, Katharina Stibrant; Stanghelle, Johan K; Sällström, susanne; Becker, Frank & Fugl Meyer, Kerstin (2017). Life satisfaction in persons With severe stroke. A longitudinal report from the Sunnaas International Network (SIN) stroke study. European Stroke Journal. ISSN 2396-9873. 2(2), s. 154–162. doi: 10.1177/2396987317695140.
• Brunner, Iris Charlotte; Skouen, Jan Sture; Hofstad, Håkon; Assmus, Jörg; Becker, Frank & Pallesen, Hanne [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Is upper limb virtual reality training more intensive than conventional training for patients in the subacute phase after stroke? An analysis of treatment intensity and content. BMC Neurology. ISSN 1471-2377. 16:219, s. 1–7. doi: 10.1186/s12883-016-0740-y.
• Karic, Tanja; Røe, Cecilie; Nordenmark, Tonje Haug; Becker, Frank & Sorteberg, Angelika (2016). Impact of early mobilization and rehabilitation on global functional outcome one year after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. ISSN 1650-1977. 48(8), s. 676–682. doi: 10.2340/16501977-2121. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hauger, Solveig Lægreid; Schnakers, Caroline; Andersson, Stein; Becker, Frank; Moberget, Torgeir & Giacino, Joseph T. [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). Neurophysiological Indicators of Residual Cognitive Capacity in the Minimally Conscious State. Behavioural Neurology. ISSN 0953-4180. 2015, s. 1–12. doi: 10.1155/2015/145913.
• Langhammer, Birgitta; Becker, Frank; Sunnerhagen, Kathrina Skibrunt; Zhang, Tong; Du, Xiaoxia & Bushnik, Tamara [Vis alle 15 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). Specialized stroke rehabilitation services in seven countries Preliminary results from nine rehabilitation centers . International Journal of Stroke. ISSN 1747-4930. 10(8), s. 1236–1246. doi: 10.1111/ijs.12599.
• schillinger, andreas & Becker, Frank (2015). Fatigue/utmattelse etter traumatisk hjerneskade og hjerneslag. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 135(4), s. 331–335. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.14.0271. Vis sammendrag

  BAKGRUNN Fatigue/utmattelse kan defineres som en opplevelse av langvarig eller tilbakevendende tretthet og redusert kapasitet for mental og/eller fysisk aktivitet. Tilstanden er vanlig etter ervervet hjerneskade. I artikkelen gis en oversikt over kunnskapsstatus om utmattelse etter hjerneslag og etter traumatiske hjerneskader. KUNNSKAPSGRUNNLAG En vurdering av eksisterende litteratur, inkludert litteratursøk, samt vår kliniske erfaring ligger til grunn for innholdet i artikkelen. RESULTATER I eksisterende undersøkelser er det brukt varierende definisjoner av tilstanden og det er anvendt ulike kartleggingsverktøy. Forekomsten av utmattelse etter hjerneslag eller traumatisk hjerneskade er usikker på grunn av ulike inklusjonskriterier og kartleggingsmetoder og fordi ulikt måletidspunkt kan gi ulike prevalenstall. I flere arbeider anslås forekomsten til å ligge mellom 50 % og 70 %. Vår kunnskap om de patologiske mekanismene er svært begrenset. Både premorbide, sosiodemografiske, slag-/traumerelaterte og komorbide faktorer spiller inn på hvordan pasienten oppfatter tilstanden. Blant anvendte behandlingstiltak er psykoedukasjon, aktivitetsregulering, fysisk trening og behandling av komorbide tilstander. Det er også gjort forsøk med medikamentell behandling, foreløpig uten overbevisende resultater. FORTOLKNING Utmattelse er vanlig hos hjerneslagpasienter og pasienter med traumatiske hjerneskader og begrenser ofte i betydelig grad deres hverdag. Vår viten om patologiske mekanismer og behandlingstiltak er mangelfull, og pasientpopulasjonen er heterogen. Behandlingen er individuelt tilpasset og har som mål at den enkelte skal kunne bruke sin begrensede kapasitet på en mest mulig hensiktsmessig måte.

• Karic, Tanja; Sorteberg, Angelika Gabriel; Nordenmark, Tonje Haug; Becker, Frank & Røe, Cecilie (2015). Early rehabilitation in patients with acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Disability and Rehabilitation. ISSN 0963-8288. 37(16), s. 1446–1454. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2014.966162. Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe and quantify the content of early rehabilitation adapted to patients with acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and to assess its feasibility. Methods: This was a prospective, observational study including 37 aSAH patients. Early rehabilitation was applied according to a mobilization algorithm. Clinical parameters, the time that rehabilitation team used on early rehabilitation and progression in mobilization were recorded. The patients’ clinical conditions were graded according to the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons scale (WFNS). Results: Poor-grade patients (WFNS 3, 4, 5) (n = 12) received more rehabilitation (median 412 min) than did good-grade patients (WFNS 1, 2) (median 240 min). Mobilization to 60° of head elevation in good-grade patients began on day one after securing the aneurysm. Out-of-bed mobilization was possible on day three. Poor-grade patients were mobilized to 60° after two days and were out of bed on day seven. At discharge, 67% of poor-grade patients were mobilized to walking versus 78% of good-grade patients. No serious adverse effects to early rehabilitation were observed. Conclusions: Early rehabilitation in aSAH patients is feasible from the first day after securing the aneurysm. The rehabilitation content varied according to the patient’s clinical grade.

• Stanghelle, Johan K; Sällström, susanne; Becker, Frank; Zhang, Tong; Du, Xiaoxia & Buschnik, Tamara [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). An international multicenter study of specialized rehabilitation for stroke patients . Protocol of the Sunnaas InterNational (SIN) stroke project. Journal of Clinical Trials. ISSN 2167-0870. 5(2). doi: 10.4172/2167-0870.1000214. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Brunner, Iris; Skouen, Jan Sture; Hofstad, Håkon; Strand, Liv Inger; Becker, Frank & Sanders, Anne-Marthe [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Virtual reality training for upper extremity in subacute stroke (VIRTUES): Study protocol for a randomized controlled multicenter trial. BMC Neurology. ISSN 1471-2377. 14:186, s. 1–5. doi: 10.1186/s12883-014-0186-z. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Erlenkamp, Sonja & Becker, Frank (2014). SunnGest: et norsk prosjekt om bruk av gester i afasirehabiliteringen. Norsk tidsskrift for logopedi. ISSN 0332-7256. 60(2), s. 18–23.
• Erlenkamp, Sonja; Reinertsen, Kristina Moltu & Becker, Frank (2014). Gester og afasi – en litteraturoversikt. Norsk tidsskrift for logopedi. ISSN 0332-7256. 60(2), s. 6–16.
• Becker, Frank; Kirmess, Melanie; Tornås, Sveinung & Løvstad, Marianne (2014). A description of cognitive rehabilitation at Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital - Balancing comprehensive holistic rehabilitation and retraining of specific functional domains. NeuroRehabilitation (Reading, MA). ISSN 1053-8135. 34(1), s. 87–100. doi: 10.3233/NRE-131015.
• Becker, Frank & Reinvang, Ivar (2013). Identification of target tones and speech sounds studied with event-related potentials: Language-related changes in aphasia. Aphasiology. ISSN 0268-7038. 27(1), s. 20–40. doi: 10.1080/02687038.2012.676163. Vis sammendrag

  Background: Although frequently observed in aphasia, the contribution of speech sound processing impairments to auditory comprehension deficits has not been clarified. Event-related brain potentials can be used to investigate the neural processes underlying speech sound processing in aphasia, thereby adding information to investigations exclusively based on behavioural assessments. Aims: Against the background of previous findings of reduced amplitudes in an aphasic group during a syllable identification task, three main research questions are pursued in this study: whether possible ERP alterations in the aphasia group (1) are specific for language processing or can also be observed in non-language processing, (2) are also found in brain-injured persons without aphasia, and (3) correlate with auditory comprehension deficits. Methods & Procedures: Here 10 aphasic participants were compared with 10 non-aphasic participants who had right hemisphere lesions and with 18 healthy controls. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were obtained during two oddball paradigms in which the participants had to identify: (i) target tones differing in pitch and (ii) target syllables differing in the initial consonant. Outcomes & Results: Overall the aphasic participants performed the task successfully, but responded correctly to fewer targets and had prolonged response times. When compared to healthy controls, N1 amplitude was reduced in both brain-damaged groups; in response to syllables, this attenuation was more pronounced in the aphasic participants. The aphasia group demonstrated significantly reduced N1 amplitude in response to standard and target tones and target syllables, while the right hemisphere group had significantly reduced N1 amplitudes in response to tones only (both standard and target). In both brain-injured groups, N1 amplitudes were larger over the contralesional hemisphere. This hemisphere difference was significantly larger for syllables than tones in the aphasic participants. Furthermore this group had delayed N2 and P3 latencies, whereas N2 amplitude reduction was found in the right hemisphere group. Conclusions: The present results indicate reduced early attentional processing and delayed subsequent processing in aphasia. In addition to disturbed non-linguistic auditory processing, the present results suggest impairments in speech sound related processing in aphasia occurring as early as at 100 ms post-stimulus. Topographical distribution patterns in the aphasia group suggest a larger right hemisphere involvement in the processing of syllables than for tones.

• Hauger, Solveig Lægreid; Becker, Frank & Løvstad, Marianne (2013). Alvorlig bevissthetsforstyrrelse etter ervervet hjerneskade - hvor skal den lokale helsetjeneste søke spisskompetanse? Utposten. ISSN 0800-5680. 42(7), s. 30–32. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.12.1202.
• Becker, Frank; Kirmess, Melanie; Bønes, Erlend & Hansen, Silje Merethe (2013). Språktrening rett hjem : en pilotstudie om telemedisinsk afasirehabilitering. Norsk tidsskrift for logopedi. ISSN 0332-7256. 59(4), s. 16–24.

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• Søberg, Helene L.; Moksnes, Håkon Øgreid; Anke, Audny Gabriele Wagner; Røise, Olav; Røe, Cecilie & Aas, Eline [Vis alle 20 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Erratum: Rehabilitation Needs, Service Provision, and Costs in the First Year following Traumatic Injuries: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study ((JMIR Res Protoc (2021) 10: 4 (e25980) DOI: 10.2196/25980). JMIR Research Protocols. ISSN 1929-0748. 11(3). doi: 10.2196/37723.
• Rohrer-Baumgartner, Nina; Holthe, Ingvil Laberg; Svendsen, Edel Jannecke; Strand-Saugnes, Anine; Røe, Cecilie & Wade, Shari L. [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). The Child in Context Intervention (CICI) Study: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a goal oriented and individualized rehabilitation for children with chronic acquired brain injury.
• Øra, Hege Prag; Kirmess, Melanie & Becker, Frank (2020). Språktrening rett hjem - intensiv språktrening via videokonferanse. Afasiposten. ISSN 0803-2467. s. 12–14.
• Kirmess, Melanie; Vanebo H., Kristin & Becker, Frank (2020). 10 års jubileum for Sunnaas intensive språkgrupper «SunCIST». Afasiposten. ISSN 0803-2467. s. 12–14.
• Gjellesvik, Tor Ivar; Becker, Frank; Tjønna, Arnt Erik; Indredavik, Bent; Nilsen, Halvard Knut & Brurok, Berit [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING AFTER STROKE (HIIT-STROKE STUDY) – EFFECTS ON PEAK OXYGEN UPTAKE – A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL .
• Mæhlum Walle, Kjersti; Kyler, Hillary Lynn; Nordvik, Jan Egil; Becker, Frank & Laeng, Bruno (2018). Corrigendum to "Binocular rivalry after right-hemisphere stroke: Effects of attention impairment on perceptual dominance patterns" [Brain Cogn. 117 (2017) 84–96]. Brain and Cognition. ISSN 0278-2626. 123, s. 89–91. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.03.001.
• Langhammer, Birgitta; Sunnerhagen, Katharina Stibrant; Sällström, susanne; Becker, Frank & Stanghelle, Johan K (2017). Rehabilitation after stroke in specialized rehabilitation. Psychosocial adaptions post stroke. An international multicenter study.
• Langhammer, Birgitta; Sunnerhagen, Katharina Stibrant; Stanghelle, Johan K; Sällström, susanne; Becker, Frank & Fugl Meyer, Kerstin (2017). Perceived Life satisfaction from admission to specialized rehabilitation until one-year post discharge in nine clinics, seven countries the SINs stroke study.
• Winsnes, Ingvild Elisabeth; Øra, Hege Prag; Kirmess, Melanie & Becker, Frank (2017). Aphasia telerehabilitation - A digital enterprise (experience from the SLT intervention).
• Øra, Hege Prag; Kirmess, Melanie; Brady, Marian C.; Winsnes, Ingvild Elisabeth & Becker, Frank (2016). Aphasia telerehabilitation early post stroke.
• Hauger, Solveig Lægreid; Schnakers, Caroline; Andersson, Stein; Becker, Frank; Moberget, Torgeir & Giacino, Joseph T. [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Counting own name -clinical robustness of electrophysiology in assessing residual cognition in disorders of consciousness.
• Langhammer, Birgitta; Sunnerhagen, Katharina Stibrant; Lundgren-Nilsson, Åsa; Sällström, Susanne; Becker, Frank & Zhang, Tong [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Specialized rehabilitation, stroke and Activities of Daily Living in nine different clinics,Sunnaas International Network (SIN) Stroke Study. What influence and predict improvements?
• Hauger, Solveig Lægreid; Schnakers, Caroline; Andersson, Stein; Becker, Frank; Moberget, Torgeir & Løvstad, Marianne (2015). Clinical utility of neurophysiological assessment of residual cognition in disorders of consciousness.
• Langhammer, Birgitta; Stanghelle, Johan K; Sällström, Susanne; Becker, Frank; Sanders, Anne-Marthe & Zhang, Tong [Vis alle 17 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). An international multi-center study on specialized stroke rehabilitation, nine institutions - seven countries.
• Langhammer, Birgitta; Becker, Frank; Sällström, Susanne; Sunnerhagen, Katharina Stibrant; Bushnik, Tamara & Lundgren-Nilsson, Åsa (2015). Symposium specialized stroke rehabilitation: a multicultural, multicenter study. Vis sammendrag

  •Introduction – The SINs network and stroke study; film Susanne Sällström •The interdisciplinary teamwork, Sunnaas rehabilitation hospital, Norway Frank Becker •The interdisciplinary teamwork , Langone, NYU, USA Tamara Bushnik •Interventions in rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden Åsa Lundgren-Nilsson •Specialized rehabilitation, University of Gothenburg, Sweden Katharina S Sunnerhagen •Sunnaas International Networks stroke study- some preliminary results Birgitta Langhammer

• Langhammer, Birgitta; Stanghelle, Johan K; Sällström, Susanne; Becker, Frank; Zhang, Tong & Du, Xiaoxia [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). A multicenter on transfer, walking and stairclimbing in persons With stroke.
• Becker, Frank (2015). Hjelper pasienter til et aktivt liv. [TV]. NRK Dagsrevyen.
• Becker, Frank; Theepan, Dilanee & Jensen, Ole Bjørn (2015). How to determine who should participate in a CILT- program, and who should not? Experiences from pre-admission screening.
• Erlenkamp, Sonja; Kirmess, Melanie; Bergersen, Hilde; Audestad, Solveig & Becker, Frank (2015). Promoting evidence-based aphasia rehabilitation – guidelines at Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital.
• Langhammer, Birgitta; Becker, Frank; Zhang, Tong; Du, Xiaoxia; Bushnik, Tamara & Panchenko, Maria [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). A multicenter study on transfer, walking and stairclimbing in persons with stroke admitted to specialized rehabilitation.
• Becker, Frank & Falch, Kjersti (2015). Locked-in syndrom i Norge – kunnskapsstatus og rehabiliteringstilbud.
• Becker, Frank (2015). Aphasia telerehabilitation early post stroke - design of a randomized controlled trial .
• Becker, Frank (2015). Long-term outcome in aphasia - improvement from 15 to 66 months post stroke.
• Becker, Frank (2015). Tverrfaglig samarbeid - grunnlaget for god slagrehabilitering.
• Becker, Frank (2015). Fanget i egen kropp. [Avis]. VG.
• Helsingen, Lise Mørkved & Becker, Frank (2015). Langvarig bevissthetsforstyrrelse etter hodetraume er sjeldent. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 135(1). Vis sammendrag

  En norsk studie viser lav forekomst av pasienter i vegetativ eller minimalt bevisst tilstand etter traumatisk hjerneskade.

• Kirmess, Melanie; Nordli, Heidi & Becker, Frank (2014). ”Kan man være for god for deltakelse på CIST?” – Erfaringer fra Sunnaas intensive afasitilbud (SunCIST) for godt fungerende afasirammede.
• Becker, Frank & Stanghelle, Johan K (2014). Rehabilitering av voksne, Nevrologi og nevrokirurgi fra barn til voksen, 6.utgave. Forlaget Vett & Viten AS. ISSN 978-82-412-0709-9. s. 621–627.
• Becker, Frank (2014). Mange sliter med usynlige skader etter hjerneslag. Dagbladet. ISSN 0805-3766. s. 26–27.
• Becker, Frank (2014). Sissel hadde gått tur med hunden - da hun kom hjem klarte hun ikke å løfte beinet. Dagbladet. ISSN 0805-3766. s. 12–13.
• Becker, Frank (2014). Memory Deficits After Acquired Brain Injury – Rehabilitation and Neuroplasticity.
• Becker, Frank (2014). Veien videre for en kunnskapsbasert hjerneskaderehabilitering.
• Becker, Frank (2014). Nevrorehabilitering – hvilke metoder virker?
• Becker, Frank (2014). Sommertips: ikke få hjerneslag nå. Dagbladet. ISSN 0805-3766.
• Becker, Frank (2014). Afasi – når systemet svikter minst like mye som språket. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 134(4), s. 390–391.
• Hauger, Solveig Lægreid; Olafsen, Kjell; Andelic, Nada; Røe, Cecilie ; Andersson, Stein & Schanke, Anne-Kristine [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Repeated sub-acute Event-Related Potentials as predictor of long-term outcome - presentation of a study design and single case data.
• Stanghelle, Johan K & Becker, Frank (2013). Boikott av faglig samarbeid med Kina - og andre land? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001.
• Kirmess, Melanie & Becker, Frank (2013). From Word Level Training to Social Conversation – Experience from an Intensive Group Program for Persons with Mild to Moderate Aphasia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. ISSN 1877-0428. 94, s. 267–268.
• Becker, Frank (2013). Lærerikt, men gjentakende, om dysleksi. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 133(21).
• Becker, Frank (2013). Helt super. [Avis]. VG helg.
• Kirmess, Melanie & Becker, Frank (2013). Intensive afasigrupper på Sunnaas: SunCIST-programmet. Afasiposten. ISSN 0803-2467. 24(3), s. 13–17.
• Erlenkamp, Sonja & Becker, Frank (2013). A new approach to the use of gestures in aphasia rehabilitation: stimulating spontaneous gesturing and body language.
• Kirmess, Melanie & Becker, Frank (2013). From word level training to social communication – Experience from an intensive group program for persons with mild to moderate aphasia.
• Becker, Frank (2013). Plastisitet – hvordan kan hjernen komme seg etter et slag?
• Becker, Frank (2013). Et slagprosjekt i Østfold – klinisk utvikling, forskning og innovasjon.
• Becker, Frank (2013). Om hjernen etter skaden.
• Langhammer, Birgitta; Stanghelle, Johan K; Sällström, Susanne; Becker, Frank; Zhang, Tong & Du, Xiaoxia [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). A nine-institution (seven countries)-multi-center study on specialized stroke rehabilitation.
• Langhammer, Birgitta; Stanghelle, Johan K; Sällström, Susanne; Becker, Frank; Zhang, Tong & Du, Xiaoxia [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). A nine-institution (seven countries)-multi-center study on specialized stroke rehabilitation.
• Langhammer, Birgitta; Stanghelle, Johan K; Sällström, Susanne; Zhang, Tong; Du, Xiaoxia & Becker, Frank [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). A nine-institution (seven countries)- multi-center study on specialized stroke rehabilitation.
• Langhammer, Birgitta; Stanghelle, Johan K; Sällström, Susanne; Becker, Frank; Zhang, Tong & Du, Xiaoxia [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). A nine-institution (seven countries)-multi-center study on specialized stroke rehabilitation.
• Becker, Frank (2013). Hvordan kan ny kunnskap om hjernens plastisitet forbedre rehabiliteringen av hjerneskader?
• Becker, Frank (2013). Faller mellom to stoler. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.). ISSN 0804-3116. Vis sammendrag

  Flere tusen mennesker med språkvansker etter hjerneskade får dårlig rehabiliteringstilbud på grunn av unødig byråkrati og uklar ansvarsfordeling.

• Becker, Frank (2013). Rehabilitering ved hjernesvulst.
• Becker, Frank (2013). Hjerneskadeforskning ved Sunnaas sykehus.
• Langhammer, Birgitte; Stanghelle, Johan K; Sällstrøm, Susanne; Becker, Frank; Zhang, T & Bushnik, Tamara [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). A nine-institution multi-center study on specialized stroke rehabilitation: The Sunnaas International Network´s stroke study.
• Becker, Frank (2013). Nasjonal behandlingstjeneste for rehabilitering ved locked-in syndrom.
• Becker, Frank (2013). Visjoner for Nordisk nettverk i nevrorehabilitering – innspill fra Sunnaas sykehus (Norge).
• Becker, Frank (2013). Hjernens plastisitet.
• Hansen, Silje Merethe; Bønes, Erlend; Becker, Frank & Kirmess, Melanie (2013). ”Face to face, just with a camera” – exploring videoconference-based telerehabilitation for aphasia. Vis sammendrag

  ”Face to face, just with a camera” – exploring videoconference-based telerehabilitation for aphasia Introduction Ensuring individually tailored aphasia rehabilitation of sufficient intensity and duration is challenging in rural countries like Norway. Aphasia telerehabilitation has the potential to widen the access to speech-language therapists (SLT) when limited due to geographical or physical barriers, and its effectiveness has been demonstrated (Brennan et al 2004; Mashima & Doarn 2008). However, research on this topic is rare; furthermore, international differences and ongoing technical development require further studies. Research questions This pilot study explored the use of aphasia telerehabilitation focusing on the applicability of an internet-based videoconference format for a) “ordinary” treatment by interaction between the person with aphasia and the SLT, and b) SLT supervision of data program training (Lexia, Gunnilstam & Mårtens 2008). Methods A qualitative case study was conducted with 4 participants who received videoconference-based aphasia rehabilitation in their home for 2-5 hours/week for 3 weeks. Cisco Jabber Video and the remote access program LogMeIn were used. For each session, a log form regarding technical experiences and satisfaction with treatment was completed by participants and the treating SLT. In addition, qualitative interviews were performed after treatment. Results Log forms and interview results show an overall satisfaction in all 4 participants. Technical problems were described as “rather small”. Interaction between participants and SLT was experienced as similar to face-to-face treatment sessions. People with aphasia emphasized the advantages of treatment in their home environment, flexibility with regard to incorporation of treatment in their daily schedule and less travel time. The SLT highlighted the importance of remote access to the participants’ computer providing the opportunity to assist when needed. The SLT could see only the participant’s head, limiting her possibilities to register gestural communication. Discussion While experiences from this pilot study are promising, future aphasia telerehabilitation should include more extensive information before start (e.g. a leaflet), and a checklist regarding the physical environment to be applied before each session. The perception of all gestural communication should be possible. Telerehabilitation may be particularly well suited in the transition from hospital to community care. Continuing SLT in this phase may positively affect the quality of life for persons with aphasia. References Brennan, D.M., Georgeadis, A.C., Baron, C.R. & Barker, L.M. (2004). The Effect of Videoconference- Based Telerehabilitation on Story Retelling Performance by Brain-Injured Subjects and Its Implications for Remote Speech-Language Therapy. Telemedicine and e-health. 10 (2), 147- 154. Gunnilstam, O. & Mårtens, M. (2008). Lexia versjon 3.0. Stiftelsen Stora Skøndal. Mashima, P.A. & Doarn, C.R. (2008). Overview of Telehealth Activities in Speech-Language Pathology. Telemedicine and e-health. 14 (10) 1102-1117.

• Kirmess, Melanie; Nordli, Heidi & Becker, Frank (2013). "Now we are talking togheter..." Experience from an intensive aphasia group with focus on complex sentence production. Vis sammendrag

  ”Now we are talking together…” Experience from an intensive aphasia group with focus on complex sentence production The importance of intensive treatment with shaping, role-modelling, relevance for daily living and interaction as applied in constraint induced language therapy (CILT) has been demonstrated for successful aphasia rehabilitation (Difrancesco et al., 2012). Sunnaas rehabilitation hospital offers an intensive aphasia program based on the principles of CILT within a holistic, multi-disciplinary group setting (SunCIST) (Kirmess et al., 2012). This poster presents the structure and participant experience of an extended CILT program focussing on complex expressive language production for persons with moderate to mild aphasia. Six persons with mild to moderate aphasia participated in a two- week intensive group program in an inpatient hospital setting. All participants had previously attended the SunCIST program and asked for the possibility to return. The daily program covered three hours of CILT in groups of three persons with aphasia and an experienced speech-language pathologist. CILT included the typical requesting card game for pairs of cards, as well as the collection of sequential sets of 4-6 cards. The picture material was chosen to provide various options for sentence production with different subjects and verbs, numbers of objects, descriptions of the main subject, and the respective response by each participant. Following each round of card games the participants were asked to produce a sentence of their choice to each collected card or a short story to the picture sequences in order to reproduce the words once more in a more personalized context. In addition, all six participants had independent discussion groups in the evening with either given or self-chosen topics. All participants completed a short aphasia assessment pre and post CILT, and a final questionnaire about their experience of this program. Preliminary results show a further increase on the linguistic variables for at least some of the assessments. The personal feedback emphasised the positive experience of being challenged by different linguistic tasks in the structured CIST group, as well as having the opportunity to talk to each other ”all day long” in an environment where they know their aphasic challenges. This is assumed to enhance their communicative skills in a positive way and thereby participation in life. References: Difrancesco, S., Pulvermüller, F., & Mohr, B. (2012). Intensive language-action therapy (ILAT): The methods. Aphasiology, 26(11), 1317-1351. Kirmess, M., Becker, F., Günther, L., & Hvistendahl, A. K. (2012). The SunCIST Program: A Clinical Approach for Intensive Aphasia Rehabilitation. Paper presented at the Academy of Aphasia, San Francisco, USA.

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