Ingvild Vik

• Sætre, Håkon; Skow, Marius Andre Hybbestad; Vik, Ingvild; Høye, Sigurd & Emilsson, Louise (2024). Acute cystitis in men– a nationwide study from primary care: antibiotic prescriptions, risk factors, and complications. British Journal of General Practice Open. 8(2). doi: 10.3399/BJGPO.2023.0207. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Research on acute cystitis in men is scarce and treatment guidelines differ between countries. Improved antibiotic stewardship is needed. Aim To analyse antibiotic prescriptions and outcomes of Norwegian men diagnosed with cystitis in primary care. Design & setting A nationwide retrospective study was undertaken in primary care in Norway. Method We identified all episodes of acute cystitis in men diagnosed in Norwegian primary care during 2012–2019. Choice of antibiotic (from the Norwegian Prescription Database), treatment failure, re-prescription, and complications were stratified by age, calendar year, and risk factors. We used logistic regression to explore predefined risk factors (diabetes, prostate cancer, benign prostate hyperplasia [BPH], urinary retention, and any cancer) with complications (pyelonephritis, prostatitis, and hospitalisation) and re-prescriptions. Linear regression was used to explore time trends. Results In total, 108 994 individuals contributed 148 635 episodes. Narrow-spectrum antibiotics were first-choice treatment in 71.0% of the episodes (52.5% of all prescriptions were pivmecillinam). More than 75% of the episodes with narrow-spectrum versus 82.2% of broad-spectrum treatment did not lead to any re-prescription or complication. Complications occurred in 1.8% of all episodes (0.5% prostatitis, 0.7% pyelonephritis, and 0.7% hospitalisation). BPH was associated with increased risk of complications and re-prescription. Diabetes was associated with a lower risk of re-prescriptions. Prostate cancer and urinary retention were associated with a lower risk of both complications and re-prescriptions. Conclusion Our results support narrow-spectrum antibiotics as first-line treatment. Risk factor analyses warrants further investigation.

• Jansåker, Filip; Li, Xinjun; Vik, Ingvild; Frimodt-Møller, Niels; Knudsen, Jenny Dahl & Sundquist, Kristina (2022). The Risk of Pyelonephritis Following Uncomplicated Cystitis: A Nationwide Primary Healthcare Study. Antibiotics. 11(12). doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11121695. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kaußner, Yvonne; Röver, Christian; Heinz, Judith; Hummers, Eva; Debray, Thomas P.A. & Hay, Alastair D. [Vis alle 18 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Reducing antibiotic use in uncomplicated urinary tract infections in adult women: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. Clinical Microbiology and Infection (CMI). ISSN 1198-743X. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.06.017. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Farrell, Karen; Tandan, Meera; Santiago, Virginia Hernandez; Gagyor, Ildiko; Brænd, Anja Maria & Skow, Marius [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Treatment of uncomplicated UTI in males: a systematic review of the literature. British Journal of General Practice Open. 26(2). doi: 10.3399/bjgpopen20X101140. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect around 20% of the male population in their lifetime. The incidence of UTIs in men in the community is 0.9–2.4 cases per 1000 aged <55 years and 7.7 per 1000 aged ≥85 years. Aim To evaluate the outcomes of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effectiveness of different antimicrobial treatments and durations for uncomplicated UTIs in adult males in outpatient settings. Method A systematic literature review of RCTs of adult male patients with an uncomplicated UTI treated with oral antimicrobials in any outpatient setting. The outcomes were symptom resolution within 2 weeks of starting treatment, duration until symptom resolution, clinical cure, bacteriological cure, and frequency of adverse events. Results From the 1052 abstracts screened, three provided sufficient information on outcomes. One study compared trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for 14 days (21 males) with 42 days (21 males). Fluoroquinolones were compared in the two other RCTs: lomefloxacin (10 males) with norfloxacin (11 males), and ciprofloxacin for 7 days (19 males) and 14 days (19 males). Combining the results from the three RCTs shows that for 75% males with a UTI (76/101) bacteriological cure was reported at the end of the study. Of the 59 patients receiving a fluoroquinolone, 57 (97%) reported bacteriological and clinical cure within 2 weeks after treatment. Conclusion The evidence available is insufficient to make any recommendations in relation to type and duration of antimicrobial treatment for male UTIs. Sufficiently powered RCTs are needed to identify best treatment type and duration for male UTIs in primary care.

• Heinz, Judith; Röver, Christian; Furaijat, Ghefar; Kaußner, Yvonne; Hummers, Eva & Debray, Thomas [Vis alle 19 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Strategies to reduce antibiotic use in women with uncomplicated urinary tract infection in primary care: protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis including individual patient data. BMJ Open. 10(10), s. 1–8. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035883. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Vik, Ingvild; Mdala, Ibrahimu; Bollestad, Marianne; Cordoba, Gloria; Bjerrum, Lars & Neumark, Thomas [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Predicting the use of antibiotics after initial symptomatic treatment of an uncomplicated urinary tract infection: Analyses performed after a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 10:e035074(8), s. 1–8. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035074. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective To predict antibiotic use after initial treatment with ibuprofen using data from a randomised controlled trial comparing ibuprofen to pivmecillinam in the treatment of women with symptoms of an uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI). Setting 16 sites in a primary care setting in Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Participants Data from 181 non-pregnant women aged 18–60 presenting with symptoms of uncomplicated UTI, initially treated with ibuprofen. Methods Using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression model, we conducted analyses to see if baseline information could help us predict which women could be treated with ibuprofen without risking treatment failure and which women should be recommended antibiotics. Results Of the 143 women included in the final analysis, 77 (53.8%) recovered without antibiotics and 66 (46.2 %) were subsequently prescribed antibiotics. In the unadjusted binary logistic regression, the number of days with symptoms before inclusion (<3 days) and feeling moderately unwell or worse (≥4 on a scale of 0–6) were significant predictors for subsequent antibiotic use. In the adjusted model, no predictors were significantly associated with subsequent antibiotic use. The area under the curve of the final model was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.57 to 0.74). Conclusion We did not find any baseline information that significantly predicted the use of antibiotic treatment. Identifying women who need antibiotic treatment to manage their uncomplicated UTI is still challenging. Larger data sets are needed to develop models that are more accurate

• Skow, Marius Andre Hybbestad; Vik, Ingvild & Høye, Sigurd (2020). Antibiotic switch after treatment with UTI antibiotics in male patients. Infectious Diseases. ISSN 2374-4235. 52(6), s. 405–412. doi: 10.1080/23744235.2020.1736329. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: There is a lack of evidence on treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in male patients in a primary care setting, and whether narrow-spectrum antibiotics are safe and effective. Objectives: To explore antibiotic switch rates after treatment with UTI antibiotics in men over the last 11 years. Material: We analysed data from the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD). Men ≥16 years receiving cefalexin, ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, nitrofurantoin, ofloxacin, pivmecillinam or trimethoprim during the period 2008–2018 were included. Antibiotic switch was defined as being prescribed a different antibiotic drug appropriate for UTI within 14 days after initial treatment. We calculated rates of antibiotic switch and corresponding odds ratios for each antibiotic drug. Results: Seven hundred twenty-six thousand and ninety-six (726,096) prescriptions to 429,807 men were defined as possible UTI episodes. Fluoroquinolones, pivmecillinam and cotrimoxazole were most frequently prescribed. Forty-nine thousand five hundred and thirty-one (49,531) (6.8%) of the treatments resulted in antibiotic switch. Compared to cotrimoxazole, the risk of antibiotic switch was higher for pivmecillinam (OR: 2.46; 95% CI, 2.39–2.53) and trimethoprim (OR: 2.12; 95% CI, 2.04–2.20), and lower for fluoroquinolones (OR: 0.40; 95% CI, 0.39–0.42) and cefalexin (OR: 0.28; 95% CI, 0.26–0.30). Treatment duration of ≥7 days and age of ≥50 years were associated with an increased risk of antibiotic switch. Conclusion: Fluoroquinolones and cefalexin were associated with lower antibiotic switch rates than the recommended UTI antibiotics (pivmecillinam, nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim). However, the rates of antibiotic switch following treatment of male patients with first-line empirical UTI antibiotics are relatively low, indicating that the current guidelines are safe.

• Jansåker, Filip; Bollestad, Marianne; Vik, Ingvild; Lindbæk, Morten; Bjerrum, Lars & Frimodt-Møller, Niels [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Pivmecillinam for uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections caused by staphylococcus saprophyticus - cumulative observational data from four recent clinical studies. Antibiotics. 8(2). doi: 10.3390/antibiotics8020057. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bollestad, Marianne; Vik, Ingvild; Grude, Nils & Lindbæk, Morten (2018). Predictors of Symptom Duration and Bacteriuria in Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. ISSN 0281-3432. doi: 10.1080/02813432.2018.1499602. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Vik, Ingvild; Bollestad, Marianne; Grude, Nils; Baerheim, Anders; Damsgaard, Eivind & Neumark, Thomas [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Ibuprofen versus pivmecillinam for uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women-A double-blind, randomized non-inferiority trial. PLoS Medicine. ISSN 1549-1277. 15(5), s. 1–21. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002569. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bollestad, Marianne; Vik, Ingvild; Grude, Nils; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Brekke, Hanne & Lindbæk, Morten (2017). Bacteriology in uncomplicated urinary tract infections in Norwegian general practice from 2001–2015. British Journal of General Practice Open. 1(4). doi: 10.3399/bjgpopen17X101145. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women are common, and urine samples from these patients are not routinely cultured. Empirical treatment is based on knowledge of resistance patterns for common uropathogens. Aim: To evaluate the bacteriological findings and resistance patterns in urine samples from women with uncomplicated urinary tract infections, and to assess the relationship between antimicrobial use and resistance patterns from 2000–2015 in Norway. Method: Bacteriology and resistance patterns were compared in 184 urine cultures from 2001, 406 urine cultures from 2010–2011 and 259 urine cultures from 2013–2015. Antibiotic use data from 2000–2015 were obtained from national databases. Results: Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the main bacterial agent in 80% of the cultures. Staphylococcus saprophyticus (Staph. saprophyticus) represented 6–17%. For E. coli, resistance to mecillinam showed some variation but remained below 9%. There was negligible resistance to nitrofurantoin. Resistance to trimethoprim seemed to stabilise over the last 5 years at around 20%. Amoxicillin resistance had some variations, but remained stable around 30%. There was a steady rise in total consumption of selected antibiotics commonly used to treat urinary tract infections for the period 2000–2015. Conclusion: Mecillinam and nitrofurantoin are both excellent first choices for empirical treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. This study suggests that increasing resistance to trimethoprim challenges the rationale for its use as a first-line agent.

• Vik, Ingvild; Bollestad, Marianne; Grude, Nils; Baerheim, Anders; Mölstad, Sigvard & Bjerrum, Lars [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Ibuprofen versus mecillinam for uncomplicated cystitis - a randomized controlled trial study protocol. BMC Infectious Diseases. 14:693. doi: 10.1186/s12879-014-0693-y. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Although uncomplicated cystitis is often self-limiting, most such patients will be prescribed antibiotic treatment. We are investigating whether treatment of cystitis with an NSAID is as effective as an antibiotic in achieving symptomatic resolution. Methods/Design: This is a randomized, controlled, double blind trial following the principles of Good Clinical Practice. Women between the ages of 18 to 60 presenting with symptoms of uncomplicated cystitis are screened for eligibility. 500 women from four sites in Norway, Sweden and Denmark are allocated to treatment with 600 mg ibuprofen three times a day or 200 mg mecillinam three times a day for three days. Allocation is conducted using block randomization. The primary outcome is the number of patients who feel cured by day four as recorded in a diary. Adverse events will be handled and reported in accordance with Good Clinical Practice. Discussion: If treatment of uncomplicated cystitis with ibuprofen is as effective as mecillinam for symptom relief, we can potentially reduce the use of antibiotics on a global scale.

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• Vik, Ingvild; Ingebrigtsen, Magnus & Lukic, Marko (2026). UiT-ansatte påpekte feil i studie om ChatGPT – nå er den trukket tilbake – NRK Troms og Finnmark. [Journal]. nrk.no. doi: https:/www.nrk.no/tromsogfinnmark/uit-ansatte-papekte-feil-i-studie-om-chatgpt-_-na-er-den-trukket-tilbake-1.17862657. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  En forskningsartikkel som hevdet at ChatGPT har stor positiv effekt på studenters læring, er trukket tilbake etter kritikk. Et større problem enn en enkeltstudie, mener UiT-forskere.

• Vik, Ingvild & Lyngstad, Anne Berit (2020). Sophie Elise: Håper å bli tatt seriøst som forfatter. [Internet]. VG. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bollestad, Marianne; Vik, Ingvild; Lindbæk, Morten; Grude, Nils; Brekke, Hanne & Blix, Hege Salvesen (2017). “Bacteriology in uncomplicated urinary tract infections in Norwegian general practice from 2001-2015.”. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fosse, Anette; Austad, Bjarne; Eid, John-Tore; Bell, Hege Therese; Brænd, Anja Maria Lyche & Fidjeland, Heidi Lidal [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). Primærhelsetjenesten - fremtidens forskningsfront. s. 20–21. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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