Hedda Eik

• Grimsgaard, Elisabeth; Eik, Hedda; Bjorbækmo, Wenche & Ahlsen, Birgitte (2026). Psychomotor Physiotherapy for Young Women With Long-Term Health Disorders: Co-Creation of Meaning and Embodied Collaborations. Qualitative Health Research. ISSN 1049-7323. doi: 10.1177/10497323261467573. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Many young women seek physiotherapy for long-term health disorders. To address the complexity of such conditions, physiotherapists are encouraged to use a biopsychosocial model of care that includes biological, emotional, and social aspects of patients’ lives. However, knowledge of how the complexity of these disorders is addressed in psychomotor physiotherapy practice remains limited. By exploring clinical encounters between psychomotor physiotherapists and young women with long-term health disorders, we aimed to generate knowledge about therapeutic practices that may inform improvements to treatment. We conducted a narrative analysis of 10 observed clinical encounters between psychomotor physiotherapists and young women in primary healthcare in Norway, alongside individual interviews with the participants involved. Our findings highlight how the patient’s life becomes interwoven with treatment through embodied therapist–patient collaboration and co-creation of meaning. Inspired by Mattingly’s concept of clinical emplotment, we developed the encounters into clinical plots. We present three illustrative examples. The first plot highlights how a patient’s way of standing is connected to how she relates to others. The second highlights how exploring a patient’s breathing is connected to her search for recognition of her illness experiences. The third plot highlights how subtle acts of care are connected to a patient’s former experiences of neglect and abuse. Overall, the findings emphasize the potential of inviting patients to actively participate in making meaning of physiotherapy and using their bodily experiences as a foundation for dialog. This may aid physiotherapists in addressing the complexities of long-term health disorders in clinical practice.

• Borge, Christine Råheim; Eik, Hedda; Wahl, Astrid Klopstad; Bragstad, Line Kildal; Sylwander, Charlotte & Hjorthaug, Kristin [Vis alle 26 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Health literacy research in primary healthcare services – A scoping review. Patient Education and Counseling. ISSN 0738-3991. 149, s. 109675–109675. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2026.109675. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective To systematically map existing evidence on health literacy among people with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in primary healthcare. Methods An interdisciplinary research group conducted a scoping review following the Arksey and O’Malley framework, refined by Levac and Peters, and reported according to PRISMA-ScR. The review was registered in OSF and applied the Population–Concept–Context framework to define inclusion criteria. Searches were conducted in Medline, APA PsycInfo, Scopus, and Cochrane for studies published between 2000–2025. Peer-reviewed studies were screened in Rayyan, and data were charted and thematically analyzed through team-based consensus. Results The search identified 7952 studies, of which 106 studies met the inclusion criteria. Participants’ mean age was 59 years; 56% were female. Studies originated from 29 countries, mainly the USA, China, and Canada, with an increase after 2013. Three main themes were identified: (1) health literacy, social status, and ethnicity, (2) health literacy, disease, and health outcomes, and (3) health literacy, NCD knowledge, and self-management. Many studies reported associations between health literacy, and self-management, quality of life, and some clinical outcomes, but findings across designs and outcomes were heterogeneous and not consistently positive. Conclusions Improved communication, greater cultural competence, and tailored health literacy interventions are associated with better self-management and disease outcomes in non-communicable diseases, but most evidence is associative rather than causal, intervention effects are mixed, and research on health literacy experiences remains limited. Practice Implications More rigorously designed intervention studies and broader conceptualization and measurement of health literacy with multidimensional instruments are needed to strengthen the evidence and clarify how health literacy relates to social status, disease outcomes, and self-management in primary healthcare. Training healthcare professionals to assess and address health literacy is essential to promote equity and effective patient engagement.

• Fure, Marit; Risum, Kristine; Fauske, Lena & Eik, Hedda (2025). “I am trapped in my body”: a qualitative exploration of bodily experiences during brace treatment among adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. ISSN 1748-2623. 20(1). doi: 10.1080/17482631.2025.2569615. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Grimsgaard, Elisabeth; Eik, Hedda; Bjorbækmo, Wenche & Ahlsen, Birgitte (2025). Piecing together a complex puzzle: how physiotherapists make sense of young women’s long-term health disorders. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. ISSN 0959-3985. s. 11–11. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2025.2532573. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hestevik, Christine Hillestad; Varsi, Cecilie; Østerås, Nina; Tveter, Anne Therese; Skandsen, Jon & Eik, Hedda (2025). Perspectives on and Experiences With Remote Monitoring and Patient-Initiated Care Among Norwegian Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis: Qualitative Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR). ISSN 1439-4456. 27. doi: 10.2196/63569. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints, requiring frequent, lifelong monitoring and treatment. This involves regular symptom monitoring, assessing medication tolerance and side effects, and prompt therapy adjustments. Typically, patients with axSpA attend prescheduled hospital visits, but once stable disease has been attained, these seldom align with periods of high disease activity. Remote monitoring and patient-initiated care offer flexible, need-based, follow-up options. However, knowledge about how patients with axSpA perceive and experience these approaches is limited. To effectively implement these strategies in clinical practice, understanding patient perspectives is crucial. Objective: This study aims to explore how patients with axSpA perceive and experience remote monitoring and patient-initiated care. Methods: Our qualitative study was embedded in a randomized controlled trial. Participants were allocated to either usual care, remote monitoring, or patient-initiated care. The 2 intervention groups had no prescheduled visits and used a remote monitoring app, but only the remote monitoring group received monitoring by health care professionals. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 18 participants from the intervention groups to explore their experiences. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, anonymized, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Participants provided informed consent. Results: Eighteen patients (11 men and 7 women, aged 26-65 years) participated, 10 from the remote monitoring group and 8 from the patient-initiated care group. Transcripts were analyzed into four key themes: (1) “I don’t need to go to the hospital just to report I’m doing well.” When patients felt well, they perceived in-person consultations as less important. They acknowledged health care resource challenges and were willing to adapt but expressed concerns about rapid technological advancement, fearing it could exclude vulnerable groups. They emphasized the need for shared decision-making in determining follow-up strategies; (2) “It feels safer to meet healthcare personnel in person” highlighted participants’preference for in-person interactions as a safety net for detecting changes or signs of disease. They felt more secure when communicating face-to-face with health care professionals; (3) Remote monitoring can promote a sense of freedom and self-efficacy. The app provided autonomy, enabling patients to monitor their health without disrupting daily routines and promoting their health competency; and (4) Practical challenges and

• Eik, Hedda & Hansen, Louise S. (2025). Veien mot bedring – muligheter og utfordringer ved å innlemme kvinners egen kunnskap om fibromyalgi i fysioterapipraksis. Kjønn, helse og marginalisering. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202869090. doi: 10.23865/cdf.249.ch12. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eik, Hedda; Ekholt, Guro H. & Dahl-Michelsen, Tone (2025). «Det blir bedre, men også verre». Menns opplevelse av egen helse under soning i norske fengsler, Kjønn, helse og marginalisering. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202869090. s. 35–51. doi: 10.23865/cdf.249.ch2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Christensen, Lene; Hilde, Gunvor & Eik, Hedda (2024). Learning by leading: A qualitative inquiry into the perceived academic, personal, and professional development of PAL study group leaders in physiotherapy education. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. ISSN 0959-3985. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2024.2393206. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Grimsgaard, Elisabeth; Eik, Hedda; Bjorbækmo, Wenche & Ahlsen, Birgitte (2024). A breathing space: how young Norwegian women engaging psychomotor physiotherapy to address long-term health disorders narrate their experiences. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. ISSN 0959-3985. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2024.2362321. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Christensen, Lene; Hilde, Gunvor & Eik, Hedda (2023). Becoming a physiotherapist - a qualitative study exploring students’ perspectives on peer assisted learning in physiotherapy education. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. ISSN 0959-3985. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2023.2284169. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Veshovda, Solveig; Eik, Hedda; Andersen, Marit Helen; Jahre, Henriette & Riiser, Kirsti (2023). Health literacy and musculoskeletal disorders in adolescents: a scoping review. BMJ Open. 13(6), s. 1–12. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072753. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objectives Health literacy (HL) related to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in adolescents is a field with limited previous evidence. This study aimed to review and synthesise studies on MSDs and HL as well as various dimensions of HL in adolescents. Design Scoping review in accordance with Arksey and O’Malleys framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Search strategy The search strategy was performed in the following databases in November 2021 (initial search) and December 2022 (updated search); Medline, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Cochrane, CINAHL, ERIC, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Eligible studies involving MSDs and HL or either of the HL dimensions related to finding, understanding, appraising or applying health information in adolescents were considered. Any dimension of HL studied, the outcome measure(s) used to assess HL and the type of MSD examined were charted, reviewed and synthesised. A directed content analysis was used for the subjective interpretation of text data. Results A total of 16 841 studies were identified and 33 were eligible for inclusion. Ten articles presented HL with a definition or description in the theoretical background. The remaining 23 studies involved finding, understanding, appraising or applying health information, without using the term ‘health literacy’. Most of the studies addressed how adolescents understand (n=32), and apply (n=23) health information, while few studies focused on how they find (n=11) and appraise (n=7) musculoskeletal health information. Conclusion Few studies have addressed HL and MSDs in adolescents explicitly, while most studies have considered dimensions of HL. Our findings suggest that there is important work to be done to align conceptual understandings with the measurement of HL in adolescents and that further research should be carried out to explore how HL is distributed among adolescents with MSDs and how adolescents living with MSDs report their HL.

• Siiri, Annabelle Miriam Barriteau; Skrautvol, Kari; Eik, Hedda & Garnweidner-Holme, Lisa (2022). Experiences of receiving dietary guidance among patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A qualitative study. Norsk tidsskrift for ernæring (NTFE). ISSN 1503-5034. doi: 10.18261/ntfe.20.3.3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Larsen, Marie Hamilton; Mengshoel, Anne Marit; Andersen, Marit Helen; Borge, Christine Råheim; Ahlsen, Birgitte & Dahl, Kari Gire [Vis alle 15 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). “A bit of everything”: Health literacy interventions in chronic conditions – a systematic review. Patient Education and Counseling. ISSN 0738-3991. 105(10), s. 2999–3016. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2022.05.008. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective: To systematically evaluate health literacy (HL) interventions in chronic conditions by exploring theoretical perspectives, intervention content and effectiveness. Method: We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane, CINAHL, EMBASE, ERIC, Web of Science and PsycINFO. Standardised systematic review methods were used, and sequences informing our research question were extracted and analysed. The study includes a descriptive summary of the included papers. Results: We included 39 unique interventions, with diabetes and heart disease as the most targeted chronic conditions. Fifty-four percent of papers included a definition of HL, but the studies showed significant heterogeneity of theoretical underpinnings, modes, measures and content. We identified 23 HL measures, mostly assessing functional HL. The HL interventions were often more complex than the measures indicated. A significant change in HL was found in 28 studies. Study quality was generally poor. Conclusions: Interventions optimizing HL appear important to improve health outcomes in chronic conditions. To ensure cumulative knowledge development of this field we need theory-based interventions, consistency in methods and more tailored and comprehensive measures to capture the interventions’ complexity. Practice implications: A more valid understanding of HL interventions and measurements is needed to reach an agreed understanding of their components and intentions.

• Foldal, Vegard; Solbjør, Marit; Standal, Martin Inge; Fors, Egil Andreas; Hagen, Roger & Bagøien, Gunnhild [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Barriers and Facilitators for Implementing Motivational Interviewing as a Return to Work Intervention in a Norwegian Social Insurance Setting: A Mixed Methods Process Evaluation. Journal of occupational rehabilitation. ISSN 1053-0487. 31, s. 785–795. doi: 10.1007/s10926-021-09964-9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate potential barriers and facilitators for implementing motivational interviewing (MI) as a return to work (RTW) intervention in a Norwegian social insurance setting. Methods A mixed-methods process evaluation was conducted alongside a randomized controlled trial involving MI sessions delivered by social insurance caseworkers. The study was guided by the Reach, Efectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework using focus groups with the caseworkers. MI fdelity was evaluated through audio-recordings of MI sessions and questionnaires to sick-listed participants. Results Lack of co-worker and managerial support, time and place for practicing to further develop MI skills, and a high workload made the MI intervention challenging for the caseworkers. The MI method was experienced as useful, but difcult to master. MI fdelity results showed technical global scores over the threshold for “beginning profciency” whereas the relational global score was under the threshold. The sick-listed workers reported being satisfed with the MI sessions. Conclusions Despite caseworker motivation for learning and using MI in early follow-up sessions, MI was hard to master and use in practice. Several barriers and facilitators were identifed; these should be addressed before implementing MI in a social insurance setting.

• Aanesen, Fiona; Øiestad, Britt Elin; Grotle, Margreth; Løchting, Ida; Solli, Rune & Sowden, Gail [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Implementing a Stratified Vocational Advice Intervention for People on Sick Leave with Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Multimethod Process Evaluation. Journal of occupational rehabilitation. ISSN 1053-0487. doi: 10.1007/s10926-021-10007-6. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: To perform a process evaluation of a stratified vocational advice intervention (SVAI), delivered by physiotherapists in primary care, for people on sick leave with musculoskeletal disorders participating in a randomised controlled trial. The research questions concerned how the SVAI was delivered, the content of the SVAI and the physiotherapists’ experiences from delivering the SVAI. Methods: We used qualitative and quantitative data from 148 intervention logs documenting the follow-up provided to each participant, recordings of 18 intervention sessions and minutes from 20 meetings with the physiotherapists. The log data were analysed with descriptive statistics. A qualitative content analysis was performed of the recordings, and we identified facilitators and barriers for implementation from the minutes. Results: Of 170 participants randomised to the SVAI 152 (89%) received the intervention and 148 logs were completed. According to the logs, 131 participants received the correct number of sessions (all by telephone) and 146 action plans were developed. The physiotherapists did not attend any workplace meetings but contacted stakeholders in 37 cases. The main themes from the recorded sessions were: ‘symptom burden’, ‘managing symptoms’, ‘relations with the workplace’ and ‘fear of not being able to manage work’. The physiotherapists felt they were able to build rapport with most participants. However, case management was hindered by the restricted number of sessions permitted according to the protocol. Conclusion: Overall, the SVAI was delivered in accordance with the protocol and is therefore likely to be implementable in primary care if it is effective in reducing sick leave.

• Løchting, Ida; Hagen, Roger; Monsen, Christine K.; Grotle, Margreth; Storheim, Kjersti & Aanesen, Fiona [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Fidelity of a motivational interviewing intervention for improving return to work for people with musculoskeletal disorders. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 18(19), s. 1–11. doi: 10.3390/ijerph181910324. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The objective of this study was to conduct a fidelity evaluation of a motivational interviewing (MI) intervention delivered by social insurance caseworkers, in a three-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) for improving return to work for people on sick leave with musculoskeletal disorders. The caseworkers received six days of MI training, including an intervention manual prior to the trial onset, as well as supervision throughout the trial. The caseworkers recorded 21 MI sessions at regular intervals during the trial. An independent MI analysis center scored the recordings using the MI treatment integrity code (MITI 4). In addition, three experienced MI trainers assessed the adherence to the MI intervention manual on a 1–4 Likert scale and MI competence. Total MITI 4 mean scores were at beginning proficiency levels for two components (global technical, mean 3.0; SD 0.6 and the reflections/questions ratio, mean 1.1; SD 0.2) and under beginning proficiency for two components (global relational, mean 3.2; SD 0.7 and complex question, mean 34.0; SD 21.2). The MI trainers’ assessment showed similar results. The mean adherence score for the MI sessions was 2.96 (SD 0.9). Despite delivering a thorough course and supervision package, most of the caseworkers did not reach proficiency levels of good MI competence during the study. The fidelity evaluation showed that a large amount of training, supervision and practice is needed for caseworkers to become competent MI providers. When planning to implement MI, it is important that thorough consideration is given regarding the resources and the time needed to train caseworkers to provide MI in a social insurance setting.

• Finsen, Mari; Haugstad, Gro Killi & Eik, Hedda (2021). "Fra sirkus til seier": Erfaringer med fysisk aktivitet for brukere innen rus og psykiatri. En intervjustudie. Fysioterapeuten. ISSN 0016-3384. 88(5), s. 54–59. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sylliaas, Hilde; Svendsen, Thomas Solgård; Langaas, Anne & Eik, Hedda (2020). Hvordan tilpasses fysioterapipraksis til sårbare brukergrupper? Fysioterapitilnærminger belyst gjennom teorier om tilfriskning og sosial bevisstgjøring. Fysioterapeuten. ISSN 0016-3384. 8, s. 18–22. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holmen, Heidi; Larsen, Marie Hamilton; Sallinen, Merja Helena; Thoresen, Lisbeth; Ahlsen, Birgitte & Andersen, Marit Helen [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). En balansegang: helsepersonells erfaringer med mennesker med kronisk sykdom - en oversiktsartikkel av kvalitative studier. BestPractice nordic. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Aanesen, Fiona; Berg, Rigmor; Løchting, Ida; Tingulstad, Alexander; Eik, Hedda & Storheim, Kjersti [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Motivational interviewing and return to work for people with musculoskeletal disorders: A systematic mapping review. Journal of occupational rehabilitation. ISSN 1053-0487. s. 1–9. doi: 10.1007/s10926-020-09892-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  PURPOSE: There is limited knowledge about motivational interviewing (MI) for people on sick leave with musculoskeletal disorders. Hence, our objective was to investigate what research on MI as a method to facilitate return to work for individuals who are on sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders exists, and what are the results of the research? METHODS: We systematically searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, Sociological Abstracts, Epistemonikos, SveMed + and DARE & HTA (covering 1983 to August 2019). We also searched the MINT Bulletin and relevant web pages. Eligibility criteria: empirical studies investigating MI and return to work for people with musculoskeletal disorders. Two authors independently screened the records, critically appraised the studies and charted the data using a data extraction form. RESULTS: The searches identified 1264 records of which two studies were included. One randomized controlled trial (RCT) found no effect of MI on return to work for disability pensioner with back pain (n = 89, high risk of bias), while a cluster RCT found that MI increased return to work for claimants with chronic musculoskeletal disorders (n = 728, low risk of bias). CONCLUSIONS: This mapping review identified a huge gap in research on MI to increase return to work for individuals with musculoskeletal disorders.

• Holmen, Heidi; Larsen, Marie Hamilton; Sallinen, Merja Helena; Thoresen, Lisbeth; Ahlsen, Birgitte & Andersen, Marit Helen [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Working with patients suffering from chronic diseases can be a balancing act for health care professionals - a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. BMC Health Services Research. doi: 10.1186/s12913-019-4826-2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: The number of patients with long-term chronic diseases is increasing. These patients place a strain on health care systems and health care professionals (HCPs). Presently, we aimed to systematically review the literature on HCPs’ experiences working with patients with long-term chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Method: A systematic search of papers published between 2002 and July 2019 was conducted in the Embase, AMED, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and COCHRANE databases to identify studies reporting qualitative interviews addressing HCPs’ experiences working with adults with COPD, CKD or type 2 diabetes. An interdisciplinary research group were involved in all phases of the study. With the help of NVivo, extracts of each paper were coded, and codes were compared across papers and refined using translational analysis. Further codes were clustered in categories that in turn formed overarching themes. Results: Our comprehensive search identified 4170 citations. Of these, 20 papers met our inclusion criteria. Regarding HCPs’ experiences working with patients with COPD, CKD, or type 2 diabetes, we developed 10 subcategories that formed three overarching main themes of work experiences: 1) individualizing one’s professional approach within the clinical encounter; 2) managing one’s emotions over time; 3) working to maintain professionalism. Overall these three themes suggest that HCPs’ work is a complex balancing act depending on the interaction between patient and professional, reality and professional ideals, and contextual support and managing one’s own emotions. Conclusion: Few qualitative studies highlighted HCPs’ general working experiences, as they mainly focused on the patients’ experiences or HCPs’ experiences of using particular clinical procedures. This study brings new insights about the complexity embedded in HCPs’ work in terms of weighing different, often contrasting aspects, in order to deliver appropriate practice. Acknowledging, discussing and supporting this complexity can empower HCPs to avoid burning out. Leaders, health organizations, and educational institutions have a particular responsibility to provide HCPs with thorough professional knowledge and systematic support. Trial registration: PROSPERO number: CRD42019119052.

• Løchting, Ida; Grotle, Margreth; Storheim, Kjersti; Foldal, Vegard; Standal, Martin Inge & Fors, Egil Andreas [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Complex return to work process – caseworkers’ experiences of facilitating return to work for individuals on sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders. BMC Public Health. 20(20). doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09804-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are the largest contributor to disability worldwide. In addition to burdening individuals, there are large socioeconomic costs involved. MSD accounts for a considerable use of health services, and for the greatest proportion of lost productivity in the workplace. In Norway, MSD are the most common cause of sickness absence and represent the largest health challenge for workers in terms of prevalence and cost measured in worse health and disability in addition to sickness absence.

• Eik, Hedda; Kirkevold, Marit; Solbrække, Kari Nyheim & Mengshoel, Anne Marit (2020). Rebuilding a tolerable life: narratives of women recovered from fibromyalgia. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. ISSN 0959-3985. s. 1–11. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2020.1830454. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sætre, Elisabeth & Eik, Hedda (2019). Flexible bodies-Restricted lives: A qualitative exploratory study of embodiment in living with joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type. Musculoskeletal Care. ISSN 1478-2189. 1(8). doi: 10.1002/msc.1407. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mengshoel, Anne Marit & Grape, Hedda Eik (2017). Rethinking physiotherapy for patients With fibromyalgia - lessons learnt from qualitative studies. Physical Therapy Reviews. ISSN 1083-3196. 22(5-6). doi: 10.1080/10833196.217.1377975. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic, widespread musculoskeletal pain, extensive fatigue and an array of other symptoms. Cure is not expected, and patients have to learn to live with the illness. During the last years several studies have examined how it is like to live with FM from a patient’s point of view. These findings may help physiotherapists to better understand the challenges faced by patients. Objective: To describe what it is like for patients to live with FM and discuss how this may inform physiotherapy practice. Design: A systematic literature search of qualitative studies up till May 2016 was conducted, and 93 papers were read. The focus was on patients’ experiences of symptoms and how they managed everyday life. Results: Incomprehensible, unpredictable symptoms of FM intrude and disturb everyday life. The body is constantly monitored by patients on a day-to-day basis according to fluctuations in pain and energy levels, and habits and routines of daily life are adapted to these shifts. With other words, the connection between body, self and daily life is ruptured. In contrast, those having recovered from FM had found out what they could tolerate during a day and spent long time in rebuiding a life worth living. Conclusion: The present paper presents an argument that living with FM calls for a rather complex personal healing process that should be recognized and supported by physiotherapists. The final version of this research has been published in Physical Therapy Reviews. © 2017 Taylor & Francis

• Grape, Hedda; Solbrække, Kari Nyheim; Kirkevold, Marit & Mengshoel, Anne Marit (2017). Tiredness and fatigue during processes of illness and recovery: A qualitative study of women recovered from fibromyalgia syndrome. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. ISSN 0959-3985. 33(1), s. 31–40. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2016.1247933. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), a chronic musculoskeletal pain condition, is often accompanied by fatigue. In this study, inspired by narrative approaches to health and illness, we explore how women who have regained their health after FMS describe tiredness along a storyline from before they fell ill, through their illness, recovery process, and present-day health. The data derive from qualitative interviews with eight Norwegian women who previously suffered from FMS but who no longer had the condition at the time of interview. We undertook a narrative analysis to understand the complexity of the stories about tiredness and fatigue and on this basis identified a storyline based on four sub-narratives: 1) Alarming but ignored tiredness (before illness); 2) paralyzing fatigue (during illness); 3) making sense of fatigue (recovery process); and 4) integrating tiredness into life (today). The findings highlight participants’ different understandings and meanings of tiredness and fatigue and the ways in which these link past, present, and future. Significantly, a clear distinction between tiredness and fatigue was not always found. Overall, the storyline that emerges from the narratives is about balancing tiredness/fatigue with everyday life, and how this unfolds in different ways across the span of FMS, from falling ill to recovering and regaining health.

• Langaas, Anne; Grape, Hedda Eik; Sylliaas, Hilde; Hokstad, Jostein Mathisen & Hethey, Tina-Marie (2016). Om å bli venn med hverdagen - erfaringer fra å delta i gatefotball. Fysioterapeuten. ISSN 0016-3384. 83(9), s. 22–27. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Hensikt: Å gi en deskriptiv analyse av noen gatefotballspilleres erfaringer med å delta på lavterskeltilbudet gatefotball. Fokus har vært på hvordan de knytter disse erfaringene til identitet, sosialisering og det å bruke fotball som et ikke-verbalt felles bevegelsesspråk. Design, materiale og metode: Et kvalitativt fokusgruppeintervju og individuelle oppfølgingsintervjuer med fem spillere som alle hadde vært rusfrie i mer enn ett år. Resultat: Deltakerne opplevde gatefotball som et lavterskeltilbud hvor det ble stilt få krav til deltakelse, og hvor de selv kunne bestemme hvor store eller små skritt de ønsket å ta av gangen. De beskrev hvordan rusmisbruket hadde medført isolasjon, dårlig selvbilde og negative tanker om seg selv, noe som endte i en ond sirkel som det var vanskelig å komme ut av. Gatefotball bidro til at de kom ut av isolasjonen og at de opplevde glede og mestring. I tillegg bidro gatefotball også til at det ble lettere å holde seg rusfri mellom treningene. Konklusjon: Gatefotball kan være et sted for å utvikle og etablere en rusfri identitet, og et sted for å etablere tillit til og tro på både seg selv og andre. Samtidig bidrar gatefotball til å gi spillerne erfaring med å bruke kroppen og å være i en sosial setting hvor det også er rom for å sortere opplevelser og emosjoner. Noen erfarte også at fysisk aktivitet bidro til å minske abstinenssymptomer. Studien kan trolig ha overføringsverdi til andre marginaliserte brukergrupper som erfarer isolasjon og ensomhet.

• Grape, Hedda; Solbrække, Kari Nyheim; Kirkevold, Marit & Mengshoel, Anne Marit (2015). Staying Healthy From Fibromyalgia Is Ongoing Hard Work. Qualitative Health Research. ISSN 1049-7323. 25(5), s. 679–688. doi: 10.1177/1049732314557333. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Christensen, Lene; Hilde, Gunvor & Eik, Hedda (2025). Å lære gjennom å lede: En kvalitativ studie av fysioterapistudenters oppfatning av egen utvikling og læring fra å lede studiegrupper. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Peer assisted learning (PAL) er en studentaktiv læringsmetode som bidrar til å engasjere studentene i læring, undervisning og veiledning, og som skaper et miljø for at studentene samarbeider gjennom fagdiskusjoner og forberedelse til eksamen. Studiegrupper der studenter leder sine medstudenters læring er utbredt i høyere utdanning, men PAL-lederes erfaringer i fysioterapiutdanning er lite studert. Formålet med studien er å forstå hvordan studenter som leder PAL-studiegrupper i fysioterapiutdanning oppfatter sin egen akademiske læring og personlig utvikling, og hvordan de ser på sine erfaringer som PAL-ledere i forhold til fremtidig fysioterapipraksis. Kunnskapen er viktig for å videreutvikle didaktisk metode og fremme kvalitet i utdanning av fremtidige fysioterapeuter. Metode Fokusgruppeintervjuer ble brukt for å samle kvalitative data fra tredjesemesterstudenter som hadde vært PAL-ledere (n = 19). Dataene ble analysert ved bruk av en refleksiv, tematisk analyse. Resultat Tre hovedtemaer ble generert: "Å være en PAL-leder konsoliderer kunnskap og fremmer ny læring", " Personlig vekst gjennom erfaring og læring utenfor komfortsonen samtidig innenfor et praksisfellesskap" og "Å lære gjennom å lede - overførbarhet av erfaringer som PAL-leder til fremtidig fysioterapipraksis." Gjennom å lede PAL-studiegrupper ble PAL-lederne tryggere på egen akademisk kompetanse, samt utviklet sine ferdigheter innen kommunikasjon, organisering, ledelse og evne til å tilpasse seg førstesemesterstudenters læringsbehov. Konklusjon Samlet sett viste fysioterapistudenter som ledet PAL-studiegrupper akademisk, personlig og profesjonell vekst gjennom erfaring og læring i et praksisfellesskap. De utviklet ferdigheter som trolig kan overføres til deres fremtidige rolle som fysioterapeut. Våre funn foreslår at PAL-studiegrupper kan være en arena som gir fysioterapistudenter mulighet til å øve på relevante ferdigheter, samt gir verdifull erfaring og læring i forkant av pasientpraksis i fysioterapistudiet.

• Christensen, Lene; Hilde, Gunvor & Eik, Hedda (2025). Å bli fysioterapeut - en kvalitativ studie som utforsker studenters perspektiver på peer assisted learning (PAL) i fysioterapeututdanning. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Peer assisted learning (PAL) er en studentaktiv læringsmetode som bidrar til å engasjere studenter i læring, undervisning og veiledning. PAL har blitt stadig mer populært i høyere utdanning, og organiseres ofte som studiegrupper der førstesemesterstudenter blir veiledet av viderekomne studenter. Det er rapportert at PAL-studiegrupper har en rekke fordeler for studenter som deltar, blant annet et trygt læringsmiljø. Det er imidlertid få studier om PAL-studiegrupper i fysioterapiutdanning. Formålet med studien var å frembringe dybdekunnskap om fysioterapistudenters erfaringer med PAL-studiegrupper. Kunnskapen er viktig for å videreutvikle PAL i utdanning av fremtidige fysioterapeuter. Metode Vi gjennomførte fokusgruppeintervjuer med 15 førstesemesterstudenter som hadde deltatt i PAL-studiegrupper, og 8 tredjesemesterstudenter som hadde vært PAL-ledere og ledet studiegruppene. Intervjuene ble analysert ved hjelp av en induktiv, tematisk analyse. Resultat Fire hovedtemaer ble generert: 1) En overveldende overgang blir lettere ved å delta i PAL-studiegrupper; 2) Betydningsfulle rollemodeller skaper trygge læringsmiljøer; 3) Støtte i læring (scaffolding) bygger bro mellom teori og praksis; og 4) Tid til modning og hjelp til å filtrere kunnskap. Vi fant at det å bli med i en PAL-studiegruppe var et viktig steg for nye fysioterapistudenter for å tilpasse seg livet på universitetet, samt at PAL-studiegruppene fungerte som et viktig samarbeidsorientert, trygt og inkluderende læringsfellesskap tilgjengelig for alle studenter. Konklusjon Samlet sett fant vi at PAL-studiegrupper var et viktig praksisfellesskap for fysioterapistudenter, samt at PAL-lederne ble viktige rollemodeller og at de ga akademisk, sosial og emosjonell støtte til førstesemesterstudentene. Det at studenter lærer av andre studenter i PAL-studiegrupper virket å være fordelaktige for å bygge bro mellom teori og praksis. Våre funn støtter implementering av PAL-studiegrupper som et supplement til ordinær undervisning og tyder på at PAL-studiegrupper kan hjelpe fysioterapistudenter i første semester med overgangen til universitetsmiljøet.

• Grimsgaard, Elisabeth; Eik, Hedda; Bjorbækmo, Wenche & Ahlsen, Birgitte (2025). Patient-centered physiotherapy for young adults with long-term health disorders. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Grimsgaard, Elisabeth; Eik, Hedda; Bjorbækmo, Wenche & Ahlsen, Birgitte (2025). Et komplekst puslespill: Fysioterapeuters forståelse av langvarige og sammensatte helseplager hos unge pasienter. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eik, Hedda (2025). «Negotiating Uncertainty – Navigating the Clinical Landscape in Physiotherapy for Women with Fibromyalgia». Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eik, Hedda & Hansen, Louise Søgaard (2025). Veien mot bedring-muligheter og utfordringer ved å innlemme kvinners egen kunnskap om fibromyalgi i fysioterapipraksis. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eik, Hedda (2025). «Négocier l’incertitude - Naviguer dans le paysage clinique de la physiothérapie et des patients atteints de fibromyalgie». Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Grimsgaard, Elisabeth; Eik, Hedda; Bjorbækmo, Wenche & Ahlsen, Birgitte (2024). Narratives of young Norwegian women engaging psychomotor physiotherapy for long-term health disorders. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Veshovda, Solveig; Eik, Hedda; Andersen, Marit Helen; Jahre, Henriette & Riiser, Kirsti (2024). Helsekompetanse og muskelskjelettplager hos ungdom: en scoping review. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eik, Hedda (2024). ‘Narratives of women with fibromyalgia- how to be integrated in clinical practices’. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eik, Hedda (2024). ‘Úsing narrative perspectives in a Physiotherapeutic Intervention’. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eik, Hedda (2024). ‘shared meaning in clinical practices- a case from physiotherapy'. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Riiser, Kirsti; Eik, Hedda; Andersen, Marit Helen; Jahre, Henriette & Veshovda, Solveig (2022). Muskelskjelettplager og helsekompetanse hos ungdom- en scoping review. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Riiser, Kirsti; Eik, Hedda; Andersen, Marit Helen; Jahre, Henriette & Veshovda, Solveig (2022). MUSKHEL- muskelskjelettplager og helsekompetanse hos ungdom. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Aanesen, Fiona; Berg, Rigmor; Løchting, Ida; Tingulstad, Alexander; Eik, Hedda & Storheim, Kjersti [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Systematic mapping review. Motivational interviewing and return to work for people with musculoskeletal disorders. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holmen, Heidi; Mengshoel, Anne Marit; Thoresen, Lisbeth; Larsen, Marie Hamilton; Eik, Hedda & Borge, Christine Råheim (2021). En ubetydelig brikke. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Aanesen, Fiona; Øiestad, Britt Elin; Løchting, Ida; Grotle, Margreth; Solli, Rune & Wynne-Jones, Gwenllian [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Prosessevaluering av et skreddersydd arbeidsrettet samtaletiltak. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eik, Hedda & Løchten, Ida (2020). Nav-veilederes erfaringer med oppfølging av sykemeldte klienter med muskel-skjelettdiagnose. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eik, Hedda (2020). Å bli frisk og forbli frisk fra fibromyalgi -en kompleks prosess. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eik, Hedda; Ahlsen, Birgitte & Firing, Hedda (2020). Hva nå. Fibromyalgi og rehabilitering. Fortellinger om samhandling og sammenheng. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ahlsen, Birgitte & Eik, Hedda (2019). Nordic Network for Narratives in Medicine. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Aanesen, Fiona; Berg, Rigmor; Løchting, Ida; Tingulstad, Alexander; Eik, Hedda & Storheim, Kjersti [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Motiverende intervju og retur til arbeid for personer med muskel og skjelettplager. En systematisk kartleggingsoversikt. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders are the leading cause of disability worldwide and are the main cause of disability benefits and sickness absence in Norway. Experts in the field of vocational rehabilitation have suggested motivational interview (MI) as a method to help people return to work, and the method is used by the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the use of MI for people with musculoskeletal disorders. An overview of the research in this field is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To map empirical research on MI as a method to help people with musculoskeletal disorders return to work. METHOD: An information search specialist performed systematic searches in ten databases from 1983 to August 2019, and additional searches were conducted to identify grey literature. We searched for all types of empirical studies investigating the use of MI to help people with musculoskeletal disorders return to work. Two authors independently screened the records, critically appraised the included studies and charted the data. Results were summarised narratively in text and tables. The review was reported in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews. The study protocol was registered prospectively in the Current Research Information System in Norway (Cristin), project id: 635823 RESULTS: The searches identified 1264 records. Of the 22 records screened in full text only two studies were included. One randomized controlled trial (RCT) from Norway found no effect of MI on return to work for disability pensioner with back pain (n=89, high risk of bias), while a cluster RCT from Canada concluded that MI increased return to work for claimants with chronic musculoskeletal disorders (n=728, low risk of bias). CONCLUSION: This mapping review identified a gap in knowledge on the use of MI to increase return to work for individuals with musculoskeletal disorders. Two RCTs had inconsistent results on the effect of MI on return to work.

• Sylliaas, Hilde; Langaas, Anne Gudrun & Eik, Hedda (2018). 'Å BLI VENN MED HVERDAGEN - ERFARINGER MED GATEFOTBALL SOM ARENA FOR BEVEGELSE OG SOSIAL INTEGRERING. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eik, Hedda; Solbrække, Kari Nyheim; Kirkevold, Marit & Mengshoel, Anne Marit (2018). Å gjennvinne et akseptabelt liv- tilfriskningsprosesser fra fibromyalgi. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Langaas, Anne; Sylliaas, Hilde & Eik, Hedda (2018). Å bli venn med hverdagen - erfaringer med gatefotball som arena for bevegelse og sosial integrering. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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