Siste publikasjoner - Avdeling for Samfunnsmedisin og global helse

• Goffeng, Elisabeth Martinsen; Wagstaff, Anthony; Nordby, Karl-Christian; Meland, Anders; Goffeng, Lars Ole; Skare, Øivind; Lilja, Didrik & Lie, Jenny-Anne Sigstad (2019). Risk of fatigue among airline crew during 4 consecutive days of flight duty. Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance.  ISSN 2375-6314.  90(5), s 466- 474 . doi: 10.3357/AMHP.5236.2019
• Harrison, Mark; Gradmann, Christoph & Rasmussen, Anne (2019). Typhoid and the Military in the Early 20th Century. Clinical Infectious Diseases.  ISSN 1058-4838.  69(Supplement_5), s S385- S387 . doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz672 Vis sammendrag

  Background In the decades following the discovery of the bacillus causing typhoid, in 1880, understanding of the disease formerly known as enteric fever was transformed, offering new possibilities for prevention. Gradually, measures that aimed to prevent infection from human carriers were developed, as were inoculations designed to confer immunity against typhoid and paratyphoid fevers. These were initially introduced in European armies that were regularly ravaged by typhoid, especially garrisons stationed in the colonies. This article reviews the research undertaken in the armed forces and the measures that they implemented in the years up to and during the First World War. Methods The article is based on an analytical review of scientific literature from the early 19th century, focusing on the United Kingdom, Germany, and France. Results The armies of the United Kingdom, Germany, and France undertook important work on the transmission of typhoid in the years between 1890 and 1918. Many preventive measures were introduced to deal with the spread of typhoid but these varied between the 3 countries, depending largely on their political traditions. Inoculation was particularly successful in preventing typhoid and greatly reduced the number of casualties from this disease during the First World War. Despite this, it proved difficult to prevent paratyphoid infection, and debates continued over which vaccines to use and whether or not immunization should be voluntary. Conclusions By the end of the First World War, the value of inoculation in preventing the spread of typhoid had been proven. Its successful implementation demonstrates the importance of vaccination as a public health intervention during times of conflict and social upheaval.

• Suren, Pål; Havdahl, Alexandra; Øyen, Anne-Siri; Schjølberg, Synnve; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted; Magnus, Per; Bakken, Inger Johanne Landsjøåsen & Stoltenberg, Camilla (2019). Diagnostisering av autismespekterforstyrrelser hos barn i Norge. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001. . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0960 Vis sammendrag

  Diagnosing autism spectrum disorder among children in Norway

• Munabi-Babigumira, Susan Kyomuhendo; Nabudere, Harriet; Asiimwe, Delius; Fretheim, Atle & Sandberg, Kristin Ingstad (2019). Implementing the skilled birth attendance strategy in Uganda: A policy analysis. BMC Health Services Research.  ISSN 1472-6963.  19(1), s 1- 15 . doi: 10.1186/s12913-019-4503-5
• Ngowi, Helena; Winkler, Andrea Sylvia; Braae, Uffe Christian; Mdegela, R. H.; Mkupasi, EM; Kabululu, ML; Lekule, F.P. & Johansen, MV (2019). Taenia solium taeniosis and cysticercosis literature in Tanzania provides research evidence justification for control:A systematic scoping review. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203. . doi: 10.1186/s13031-019-0186-0.
• Ahmed, Soheir H; Marjerrison, Niki; Kjøllesdal, Marte Karoline Råberg; Stigum, Hein; Htet, Aung Soe; Bjertness, Espen; Meyer, Haakon E & Madar, Ahmed Ali (2019). Comparison of Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Somalis Living in Norway and Somaliland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.  ISSN 1660-4601.  16(13), s 1- 12 . doi: 10.3390/ijerph16132353
• Foss, Hakan Safaralilo; Oldervoll, Ann Louise; Fretheim, Atle; Glenton, Claire & Lewin, Simon Arnold (2019). Communication around HPV vaccination for adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping overview of systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews.  ISSN 2046-4053.  8(1), s 1- 15 . doi: 10.1186/s13643-019-1100-y
• Rosta, Judith; Aasland, Olaf Gjerløw & Nylenna, Magne (2019). Changes in job satisfaction among doctors in Norway from 2010 to 2017: a study based on repeated surveys.. BMJ Open.  ISSN 2044-6055.  9:e027891(9), s 1- 11 . doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027891
• Hyllestad, Susanne; Lange, Heidi; Guzmán Herrador, Bernardo Rafael; Macdonald, Emily Ann; Lund, Vidar; Aavitsland, Preben & Vold, Line (2019). An outbreak of skin rash traced to a portable floating tank in Norway, May 2017. Eurosurveillance.  ISSN 1025-496X.  24(38) . doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.38.1900134
• Ousman, Seman Kedir; Mdala, Ibrahimu; Combs Thorsen, Viva; Sundby, Johanne & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2019). Social determinants of antenatal care service use in ethiopia: Changes over a 15-year span. Frontiers In Public Health.  ISSN 2296-2565.  7 . doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00161
• Gradmann, Christoph & Mbuya, Alexander William (2019). Kibong'oto: The History of Global Tuberculosis Control seen through Local Archives. Michael.  ISSN 1893-9651.  16(3), s 270- 292 Vis sammendrag

  Tuberculosis (TB) and its control have held an important place in global health since the return of the disease came up for discussion in the 1980s. However, this history is as a rule written from the archives of international institutions like the WHO, making it a history of policies rather than of practices. Using local archives facilitates fresh insight. The building of such an archive in northern Tanzania is presented in this paper. Kibong’oto Hospital has existed as a specialized TB hospital since 1926. Its archive offers insight into a history of TB in diagnosis and treatment that is rather different from that of high income countries, and a story seldom told.

• Evandt, Jorunn; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Oftedal, Bente Margaret; Krog, Norun Hjertager; Nafstad, Per; Skovlund, Eva; Schwarze, Per Everhard & Aasvang, Gunn Marit (2019). Agreement between self-reported and registry-based use of sleep medications and tranquilizers. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety.  ISSN 1053-8569.  s 1- 8 . doi: 10.1002/pds.4854
• Ranhoff, Anette Hylen; Hygen, Hans Olav; Di Ruscio, Francesco; Rao, Shilpa & Strand, Bjørn Heine (2019). Varm sommer 2018: økt dødelighet blant eldre?. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001. . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0167
• Kjøllesdal, Marte Karoline Råberg; Degerud, Eirik Magnus Meek & Næss, Øyvind (2019). The association between obesity and cardiovascular disease mortality in different strata of lifecourse socioeconomic position. Evidence from pooled Norwegian health surveys.. European Journal of Public Health.  ISSN 1101-1262. . doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz141 Vis sammendrag

  BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic position (SEP) is related to both obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is little evidence on whether SEP modifies the relation between obesity and CVD. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the association between obesity and CVD mortality is stronger among people with disadvantaged than among people with advantaged life course SEP. METHODS: Data from Norwegian population-based cardiovascular health surveys (1985-2003), including body mass index and CVD risk factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, smoking, current treatment for hypertension) were linked to socioeconomic indicators from register and census data (1960-90), and to the Cause of Death Registry (up until 2014). The total number of participants was 398 297. RESULTS: In comparison with normal weight, the age-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of CVD mortality among obese participants were 2.39 (2.07-2.75) and 2.08 (1.70-2.53) among men and women with high SEP, respectively and 1.88 (1.60-2.21) and 1.75 (1.43-2.14) among men and women with low SEP. Adjustment for CVD risk factors attenuated the results in a similar manner in all SEP groups, and among both women and men. CONCLUSION: Obesity was consistently associated with a higher risk of CVD mortality, with only minor variation according to SEP. This means that preventing or treating obesity is, for the purpose of reducing CVD risk, equally important for an individual with high or low SEP.

• Hyllestad, Susanne; Veneti, Lamprini; Bugge, Annechen Bahr; Rosenberg, Thea Grav; Nygård, Karin Maria & Aavitsland, Preben (2019). Compliance with water advisories after water outages in Norway. BMC Public Health.  ISSN 1471-2458.  19(1188), s 1- 9 . doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7504-8 Vis sammendrag

  Background: Water advisories, especially those concerning boiling drinking water, are widely used to reduce risks of infection from contaminants in the water supply. Since the effectiveness of boil water advisories (BWAs) depends on public compliance, monitoring the public response to such advisories is essential for protecting human health. However, assessments of public compliance with BWAs remain sparse. Thus, this study was aimed at investigating awareness and compliance among residents who had received BWAs in Baerum municipality in Norway. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 2764 residents who had received water advisories by SMS in the municipality of Baerum between January and September 2017. We analysed data from two focus group discussions and an online survey sent to all residents who had received an advisory. We condu cted descriptive analyses and calculated odds ratios (OR) using logistic regression to identify associations of compliance and awareness with demographic characteristics. Results: Of the 611 respondents, 67% reported that they had received a water advisory notificatio n. Effective compliance rate with safe drinking water practices, either by storing clean drinking water or boiling tap water, after a water outage was 72% among those who remembered receiving a notification. Compliance with safe drink ing w ater a dvisories was lower amon g men than women (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.2 9– 0.96), but was independent of age, education and household type. The main reason for respondents ’ non-complian ce with safe water practices was that they perceived the water to be sa fe to drink after letting it flush through the tap until it became clear. Conclusions: Awareness of advisories was suboptimal among residents who had received notifications, but compliance was high. The present study highlights the need to impr ove the distribution, phrasing and content of wa ter advisor y notifications to achieve greater a warene ss and co mplian ce. Future studies should include hard-to-reach groups with adequate dat a collection approaches and examine the use of BWAs i n a national context to inform future poli cies on BWAs. Key words: Boil w ater advisori es, BWAs, Public com pliance, Water supply i nterrupti ons, Ad herence, Dri nking water, Communication, Consumer trust

• Schunemann, Holger J; Zhang, Yuqing & Oxman, Andrew David (2019). Distinguishing opinion from evidence in guidelines. BMJ. British Medical Journal.  ISSN 0959-8146.  366, s 1- 5 . doi: 10.1136/bmj.l4606
• Tatara, Naoe; Hammer, Hugo Lewi; Mirkovic, Jelena; Kjøllesdal, Marte Karoline Råberg & Andreassen, Hege Kristin (2019). Associations Between Immigration-Related User Factors and eHealth Activities for Self-Care: Case of First-Generation Immigrants From Pakistan in the Oslo Area, Norway. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.  ISSN 2369-2960.  5(3), s 1- 15 . doi: 10.2196/11998 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Rivenes Lafontan, Sara; Kidanto, Hussein; Ersdal, Hege Langli; Mbekenga, Columba K. & Sundby, Johanne (2019). Perceptions and experiences of skilled birth attendants on using a newly developed strap-on electronic fetal heart rate monitor in Tanzania. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.  ISSN 1471-2393.  19:165, s 1- 10 . doi: 10.1186/s12884-019-2286-7
• Ahmed, Soheir H; Meyer, Haakon E; Kjøllesdal, Marte Karoline Råberg; Marjerrison, Niki; Mdala, Ibrahimu; Htet, Aung Soe; Bjertness, Espen & Madar, Ahmed Ali (2019). The prevalence of selected risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Hargeisa, Somaliland: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health.  ISSN 1471-2458.  19(1) . doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7101-x Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Dieleman, Joseph L.; Cowling, Krycia; Agyepong, Irene Akua; Alkenbrack, Sarah; Bollyky, Thomas J.; Bump, Jesse B.; Chen, Catherine S.; Grépin, Karen A.; Haakenstad, Annie; Harle, Anton C.; Kates, Jennifer; Lavado, Rouselle F.; Micah, Angela E.; Ottersen, Trygve; Tandon, Ajay; Tsakalos, Golsum; Wu, Junjie; Zhao, Yingxi; Zlavog, Bianca S. & Murray, Christopher J. L. (2019). The G20 and development assistance for health: historical trends and crucial questions to inform a new era. The Lancet.  ISSN 0140-6736.  394(10193), s 173- 183 . doi: 10.1016/ S0140-6736(19)31333-9
• Nordfalk, Jenny Maria; Gulbrandsen, Pål; Gerwing, Jennifer; Nylenna, Magne & Menichetti, Julia (2019). Development of a measurement system for complex oral information transfer in medical consultations. BMC Medical Research Methodology.  ISSN 1471-2288.  19 . doi: 10.1186/s12874-019-0788-7 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Bergland, Astrid & Strand, Bjørn Heine (2019). Norwegian reference values for the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB): the Tromso Study.. BMC Geriatrics.  ISSN 1471-2318. . doi: 10.1186/s12877-019-1234-8
• Magodi, Richard; Mmbaga, Elia John; Masaga, Julius; Lyimo, Dafrosa; Mfuru, Alex & Abade, Ahmed (2019). Factors associated with non-uptake of measles-rubella vaccine second dose among children under five years in Mtwara district council, Tanzania, 2017. Pan African Medical Journal.  ISSN 1937-8688. . doi: 10.11604/pamj.2019.33.67.17055 Vis sammendrag

  Introduction: in 2014, Tanzania introduced the combined measles-rubella vaccine in the routine immunization schedule. Two doses of measles-rubella vaccine (MR1 and MR2) are recommended at 9 and 18 months, respectively. In 2015, MR2 coverage among eligible 18-month-old children in Tanzania was only 57%, lower than the WHO-recommended coverage (95%). During the same period Mtwara District Council (MDC) reported a coverage of 52% which is lower than the nation average. We determined factors associated with non-uptake of MR2 among children in MDC Tanzania. Methods: we conducted a community-based cross-sectional survey using cluster sampling during January - April 2017 in MDC. Caretakers of children born during January 2014 - January 2015 and residing in MDC for the past three years were recruited. We interviewed participants and reviewed vaccination cards. Logistic regression modeling was employed to identify independent factors associated with uptake of MR2. Results: of 1,000 children assessed, 558 (55.8%) were unvaccinated with MR2. Factors independently associated with non-uptake of MR2 included the caretaker being unaware of the ages for MR1 and MR2 administration [aOR=3.50; 95%CI 1.98-6.21; p

• Rubagumya, Fidelis; Nyagabona, Sarah; Msami, Khadija; Murinakiza, A; Leyna, Germana Henry; Mmbaga, Elia John & van Loon, Katherine (2019). Attitudes and Barriers to Research Among Oncology Trainees in East Africa. The Oncologist.  ISSN 1083-7159. . doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0805 Vis sammendrag

  BACKGROUND: East Africa is one of the fastest growing regions in the world and faces a rising burden of cancer; however, few people are equipped to effectively conduct research in this area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 31-item questionnaire was distributed to current trainees and recent graduates of the Master in Medicine in Clinical Oncology Program at Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences in Tanzania. Areas that were assessed included (a) demographic information, (b) prior research training, (c) prior and current research activities, (d) attitudes toward the importance of research, and (e) supports and barriers to inclusion of research in an oncology career path. RESULTS: A total of 30 individuals responded to the survey, of whom 53% (n = 16) were male and 70% (n = 21) identified as current trainees. Among the majority of respondents, attitudes toward research were strongly favorable. Although only 37% (n = 11) reported receiving any formal training in research methodology, 87% (n = 26) reported intentions to incorporate research into their careers. The absence of protected time for research and lack of access to research funding opportunities were identified by a majority of respondents as critical barriers. CONCLUSION: A majority of current or recent oncology trainees in Tanzania desire to incorporate research into their careers, but most also lack adequate training in research methodology and longitudinal mentorship. Our future collaboration will focus on creation of appropriate research training curriculums and fostering an environment that catalyzes interprofessional development and transforms and extends context-specific cancer research in East Africa. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Current and recent oncology trainees in East Africa expressed a high enthusiasm for research, driven by a sense of urgency related to the burden from cancer that the region faces. This highlights the need for cancer research training and mentorship in this setting. This work hypothesizes that African principal investigators can operate effectively if proper attention is given to selection and provision of high-quality foundational didactic training to learn the theory and implementation of research as well as to the development of an environment conducive to mentoring.

• Fossum, Stine; Næss, Øyvind; Halvorsen, Sigrun; Tell, Grethe S. & Vikanes, Åse (2019). Long-term cardiovascular morbidity following hyperemesis gravidarum: A Norwegian nationwide cohort study. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  14:e0218051(6), s 1- 12 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218051 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Ciren, Baizhen & Fjeld, Heidi E (2019). Pragmatics of everyday life: A qualitative study of induced abortion among Tibetan women in Lhasa. Health Care for Women International.  ISSN 0739-9332. . doi: 10.1080/07399332.2019.1640702
• Strand, Bjørn Heine; Knapskog, Anne-Brita; Persson, Karin Ester Torun; Holt Edwin, Trine; Bjertness, Espen; Engedal, Knut & Selbæk, Geir (2019). The Loss in Expectation of Life due to Early-Onset Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early-Onset Dementia in Norway. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders.  ISSN 1420-8008. . doi: 10.1159/000501269
• Thurn, Tamara; Borasio, Gian Domenico; Chio, Adriano; Galvin, Miriam; McDermott, Christopher J.; Mora, Gabriele; Sermeus, Walter; Winkler, Andrea Sylvia & Anneser, Johanna (2019). Physicians' attitudes toward end-of-life decisions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration.  ISSN 2167-8421.  20(1-2), s 74- 81 . doi: 10.1080/21678421.2018.1536154
• Hjertholm, Katrine Gjermundnes; Holmboe-Ottesen, Gerd; Iversen, Per Ole; Mdala, Ibrahimu; Munthali, Alister; Maleta, Kenneth; Shi, Zumin; Ferguson, Elaine & Kamudoni, Penjani Rhoda (2019). Seasonality in associations between dietary diversity scores and nutrient adequacy ratios among pregnant women in rural Malawi - a cross-sectional study. Food & Nutrition Research.  ISSN 1654-6628. . doi: 10.29219/fnr.v63.2712
• Mubanga, Chishimba; Mwape, Kabemba E.; Phiri, Isaac K.; Trevisan, Chiara; Zulu, Gideon; Chabala, Chishala; van Damme, Inge; Schmidt, Veronika; Dorny, Pierre & Gabriël, Sarah (2019). Progress on the development of rapid diagnostic tests for foodborne neglected zoonotic helminthiases: A systematic review. Acta Tropica.  ISSN 0001-706X.  194, s 135- 147 . doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.03.030
• Høstmark, Arne Torbjørn & Haug, Anna (2019). The inverse association between relative abundances of oleic acid and arachidonic acid: A case of distribution dependent regulation?. Lipids in Health and Disease.  ISSN 1476-511X.  18 . doi: 10.1186/s12944-019-1067-7 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Suren, Pål; Havdahl, Alexandra; Bresnahan, Michaeline; Hirtz, Deborah; Hornig, Mady; Lord, Catherine; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted; Schjølberg, Synnve; Øyen, Anne-Siri; Magnus, Per; Susser, Ezra; Lipkin, W. Ian & Stoltenberg, Camilla (2019). Sensitivity and specificity of early screening for autism. BJPsych Open.  ISSN 2056-4724.  5(3) . doi: 10.1192/bjo.2019.34 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Solnes Miltenburg, Andrea; van Pelt, Sandra; de bruijn, willemijn & Shields-Zeeman, Laura (2019). Mobilizing community action to improve maternal health in a rural district in Tanzania: lessons learned from two years of community group activities. Global health action.  ISSN 1654-9716.  12(1) . doi: 10.1080/16549716.2019.1621590
• Jenum, Anne Karen; Brekke, Idunn; Mdala, Ibrahimu; Muilwijk, Mirthe; Ramachandran, Ambady; Kjøllesdal, Marte Karoline Råberg; Andersen, Eivind; Richardsen, Kåre Rønn; Douglas, Anne; Cezard, Genevieve; Sheikh, Aziz; Celis-Morales, Carlos; Gill, Jason M.R.; Sattar, Naveed; Bhopal, Raj S.; Beune, Erik; Stronks, Karien; Vandvik, Per Olav & van Valkengoed, Irene G.M. (2019). Effects of dietary and physical activity interventions on the risk of type 2 diabetes in South Asians: meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised controlled trials. Diabetologia.  ISSN 0012-186X.  62(8), s 1337- 1348 . doi: 10.1007/s00125-019-4905-2
• Abebe, Fekadu (2019). Synergy between Th1 and Th2 responses during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: a review of current understanding. International Reviews of Immunology.  ISSN 0883-0185.  38(4), s 172- 179 . doi: 10.1080/08830185.2019.1632842
• Meyer, Haakon E; Willett, Walter C.; Fung, Teresa T.; Holvik, Kristin & Feskanich, Diane (2019). Association of High Intakes of Vitamins B6 and B12 From Food and Supplements With Risk of Hip Fracture Among Postmenopausal Women in the Nurses’ Health Study. JAMA Network Open.  ISSN 2574-3805.  2(5) . doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3591 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Heiberg, Ina Heidi; Jacobsen, Bjarne K.; Balteskard, Lise; Bramness, Jørgen Gustav; Næss, Øyvind; Ystrøm, Eivind; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted; Hultman, Christina M.; Nesvåg, Ragnar & Høye, Anne (2019). Undiagnosed cardiovascular disease prior to cardiovascular death in individuals with severe mental illness. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica.  ISSN 0001-690X.  139(6), s 558- 571 . doi: 10.1111/acps.13017 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Sima, Bezawit Temesgen; Belachew, Tefera; Bjune, Gunnar Aksel & Abebe, Fekadu (2019). Traditional healers`role in the detection of active tuberculosis cases in a pastoralist community in Ethiopia: a pilot intervention study. BMC Public Health.  ISSN 1471-2458.
• Kinge, Jonas Minet; Modalsli, Jørgen Heibø; Øverland, Simon Nygaard; Gjessing, Håkon K.; Tollånes, Mette Christophersen; Knudsen, Ann Kristin; Skirbekk, Vegard Fykse; Strand, Bjørn Heine; Håberg, Siri Eldevik & Vollset, Stein Emil (2019). Association of Household Income with Life Expectancy and Cause-Specific Mortality in Norway, 2005-2015. Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA).  ISSN 0098-7484.  321(19), s 1916- 1925 . doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.4329 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Borgen, Tove Tveitan; Bjørnerem, Åshild; Solberg, Lene Bergendal; Andreasen, Camilla; Brunborg, Cathrine; Stenbro, May-Britt; Hübschle, Lars Michael; Froholdt, Anne; Figved, Wender; Apalset, Ellen M; Gjertsen, Jan-Erik; Basso, Trude; Lund, Ida; Hansen, Ann Kristin; Stutzer, Jens-Meinhard; Dahl, Cecilie; Omsland, Tone Kristin; Nordsletten, Lars; Frihagen, Frede Jon & Eriksen, Erik Fink (2019). High prevalence of vertebral fractures and low trabecular bone score in patients with fragility fractures: A cross-sectional sub-study of NoFRACT. Bone.  ISSN 8756-3282.  122, s 14- 21 . doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.02.008
• Druce, Philippa; Bogatyreva, Ekaterina; Siem, Frederik François; Gates, Scott; Kaade, Hanna; Sundby, Johanne; Rostrup, Morten; Andersen, Catherine; Rustad, Siri Camilla Aas; Tchie, Andrew; Mood, Robert; Nygård, Håvard Mokleiv; Urdal, Henrik & Winkler, Andrea Sylvia (2019). Approaches to protect and maintain health care services in armed conflict - Meeting SDGs 3 and 16. Conflict and Health.  ISSN 1752-1505.  13:2, s 1- 4 . doi: 10.1186/s13031-019-0186-0
• Topaz, Nadav; Caugant, Dominique A; Taha, Muhamed-Kheir; Brynildsrud, Ola Brønstad; Debech, Nadia; Hong, Eva; Deghmane, Ala-Eddine; Ouédraogo, Rasmata; Ousmane, Sani; Gamougame, Kadidja; Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe-Marie; Diarra, Seydou; Fox, Leanne M. & Wang, Xin (2019). Phylogenetic relationships and regional spread of meningococcal strains in the meningitis belt, 2011–2016. EBioMedicine.  ISSN 2352-3964.  41, s 488- 496 . doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.02.054 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Maharjan, Binita; Rishal, Poonam & Svanemyr, Joar (2019). Factors influencing the use of reproductive health care services among married adolescent girls in Dang District, Nepal: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.  ISSN 1471-2393.  19(1), s 1- 9 . doi: 10.1186/s12884-019-2298-3 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Oxman, Andrew David & Paulsen, Elizabeth Joan (2019). Who can you trust? A review of free online sources of “trustworthy” information about treatment effects for patients and the public. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making.  ISSN 1472-6947.  19:35, s 1- 17 . doi: 10.1186/s12911-019-0772-5
• Wangamati, Cynthia Khamala; Sundby, Johanne; Nyambedha, Erick Otieno; Chimaraoke, Izugbara & Prince, Ruth Jane (2019). Challenges in Supporting Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse in Kenya: A Qualitative Study of Government and Non-governmental Organizations. Journal of Interpersonal Violence.  ISSN 0886-2605. . doi: 10.1177/0886260519846864
• Iszatt, Nina; Janssen, Stefan; Lenters, Virissa Claire; Dahl, Cecilie; Stigum, Hein; Knight, Rob; Mandal, Siddhartha; Peddada, Shyamal; González, Antonio; Midtvedt, Tore & Eggesbø, Merete Åse (2019). Environmental toxicants in breast milk of Norwegian mothers and gut bacteria composition and metabolites in their infants at 1 month. Microbiome.  ISSN 2049-2618.  7(34) . doi: 10.1186/s40168-019-0645-2 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Mihret, Wude; Brusletto, Berit Sletbakk; Øvstebø, Reidun; Siebke, Anne-Marie; Norheim, Gunnstein; Merid, Yared; Kassu, Afework; Abebe, Workeabeba; Ayele, Samuel; Silamsaw, Mezgebu; Yamuah, Lawrence; Aseffa, Abraham; Petros, Beyene; Caugant, Dominique A & Brandtzæg, Petter Bae (2019). Molecular studies of meningococcal and pneumococcal meningitis patients in Ethiopia. Innate Immunity.  ISSN 1753-4259.  25(3), s 158- 167 . doi: 10.1177/1753425918806363 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Kollerud, Ruby Del Risco; Ruud, Ellen; Haugnes, Hege Sagstuen; Cannon-Albright, Lisa A.; Thoresen, Magne; Nafstad, Per; Vlatkovic, Ljiljana; Blaasaas, Karl Gerhard; Næss, Øyvind & Claussen, Bjørgulf (2019). Family history of cancer and risk of paediatric and young adult’s testicular cancer: A Norwegian cohort study. British Journal of Cancer.  ISSN 0007-0920.  120, s 1007- 1014 . doi: 10.1038/s41416-019-0445-2
• Andreassen, Trude; Hansen, Bo Terning; Engesæter, Birgit Øvstebø; Hashim, Dana; Støer, Nathalie Charlotte; Trope, Ameli; Moen, Kåre; Ursin, Giske & Weiderpass, Elisabete (2019). Psychological effect of cervical cancer screening when changing primary screening method from cytology to high-risk human papilloma virus testing. International Journal of Cancer.  ISSN 0020-7136.  s 1- 12 . doi: 10.1002/ijc.32067
• Ariansen, Inger; Strand, Bjørn Heine; Kjøllesdal, Marte Karoline Råberg; Steingrímsdóttir, Ólöf Anna; Mortensen, Laust Hvas; Stigum, Hein; Graff-Iversen, Sidsel & Næss, Øyvind (2019). The educational gradient in premature cardiovascular mortality: Examining mediation by risk factors in cohorts born in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology.  ISSN 2047-4873.  26(10), s 1096- 1103 . doi: 10.1177/2047487319826274 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Poulsen, Gry; Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo; Jaddoe, Vincent W.V.; Magnus, Per; Raat, Hein; Stoltenberg, Camilla; Osler, Merete & Mortensen, Laust Hvas (2019). Does smoking during pregnancy mediate educational disparities in preterm delivery? Findings from three large birth cohorts. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology.  ISSN 0269-5022.  33(2), s 164- 171 . doi: 10.1111/ppe.12544
• Ejigu Teshay, Yohannes; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Sundby, Johanne & Magnus, Maria Christine (2019). Health outcomes of asymptomatic HIV-infected pregnant women initiating antiretroviral therapy at different baseline CD4 counts in Ethiopia. International Journal of Infectious Diseases.  ISSN 1201-9712.  82, s 89- 95 . doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.02.019 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Objective To compare health outcomes following initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for asymptomatic HIV-infected pregnant women at different CD4 levels. Methods We analyzed data from 706 asymptomatic HIV-infected Ethiopian women initiating ART during pregnancy between February 2012 and October 2016. The outcomes evaluated were CD4 gain, CD4 normalization (CD4 count ≥750 cells/mm3) and occurrence of HIV-related clinical events after twelve months of treatment. Result On average, CD4 count (cells/mm3) increased from 391 (95% CI: 372–409) at baseline to 523 (95% CI: 495–551) after twelve months of treatment. Rate of CD4 gain was higher among women with baseline CD4 between 350 and 499 compared to CD4 ≥500 (207 versus 6, p < 0.001). But women with baseline CD4 between 350 and 499 could not catch up with women with CD4 ≥500. Women with baseline CD4 ≥500 had significantly higher likelihood of achieving CD4 normalization as compared to those with CD4 between 350 and 499 (AOR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.13–0.76). No strong evidence of differential risk in the occurrence of HIV-related clinical events. Conclusion Starting ART for asymptomatic HIV-infected women with CD4 count ≥500 cells/mm3 was beneficial to preserve or recover immunity after 12 months of treatment in a resource limited setting.

• Winje, Brita Askeland; Grøneng, Gry Marysol; White, Richard Aubrey; Akre, Peter; Aavitsland, Preben & Heldal, Einar (2019). Immigrant screening for latent tuberculosis infection: numbers needed to test and treat, a Norwegian population-based cohort study. BMJ Open.  ISSN 2044-6055.  9(1) . doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023412
• Wangamati, Cynthia Khamala; Yegon, Gladys; Sundby, Johanne & Prince, Ruth Jane (2019). Sexualised violence against children: A review of laws and policies in Kenya. Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters.  ISSN 2641-0397.  21(1)
• Larsen, Øivind & Nylenna, Magne (2019). Folkehelseinsituttet i dag - hvordan ble det slik?. Michael.  ISSN 1893-9651.  16(1), s 53- 163 Vis sammendrag

  Transkribert og redigert referat fra et aktørseminar 1. oktober 2018, der sentrale personer ved Folkehelseinstituttet i Oslo så tilbake på instituttets nære historie.

• Nylenna, Magne & Larsen, Øivind (2019). Folkehelseinstituttet nå - og før. Michael.  ISSN 1893-9651.  16(1), s 36- 52
• Holvik, Kristin; Meyer, Haakon E; Laake, Ida; Feskanich, Diane; Omsland, Tone Kristin & Søgaard, Anne-Johanne (2019). Milk drinking and risk of hip fracture: The Norwegian Epidemiologic Osteoporosis Studies (NOREPOS). British Journal of Nutrition.  ISSN 0007-1145.  121(6), s 709- 718 . doi: 10.1017/S0007114518003823 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Straiton, Melanie Lindsay; Ansnes, Tone Jersin & Tschirhart, Naomi Anne (2019). Transnational marriages and the health and well-being of Thai migrant women living in Norway. International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care.  ISSN 1747-9894.  15(1), s 107- 119 . doi: 10.1108/IJMHSC-01-2018-0002
• Seid, Selamawit; Bekele, Hiwot Moges; Meles, Gebremeskel Gebremichael & Nordeng, Hedvig Marie Egeland (2019). Medicinal Plants and Concomitant Use with Pharmaceutical Drugs Among Pregnant Women. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.  ISSN 1075-5535.  25(4), s 427- 434 . doi: 10.1089/acm.2018.0062
• Sandset, Tony Joakim (2019). ‘HIV Both Starts and Stops with Me’: Configuring the Neoliberal Sexual Actor in HIV Prevention. Sexuality & Culture.  ISSN 1095-5143.  23, s 657- 673 . doi: 10.1007/s12119-018-09584-1
• Sima, Bezawit Temesgen; Belachew, Tefera & Abebe, Fekadu (2019). Health care providers knowledge, attitude and perceived stigma regarding tuberculosis in a pastoralist community in Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study. BMC Health Services Research.  ISSN 1472-6963.  19(19), s 3815- 3821 . doi: 10.1186/s12913-018-3815-1 Vis sammendrag

  Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains the prime killer disease among infectious diseases. TB control depends on early case detection and treatment in a directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) programme. The success of DOTS depends on the ability of the health care system to identify and properly manage TB cases. The present study aims to assess healthcare provider (HCP) knowledge, attitude and perceived stigma regarding TB and perception about traditional healers. Methods A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 108 HCPs using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire from September 2014 to January 2015. The study district has a high TB burden area with one district hospital, 4 health centres, and 18 health posts. All health facilities and HCPs available during the study period in the district were included in the study. Statistical software for social science (SPSS) version 22 and STATA version 14 were used to enter and analyse data, respectively. Results The majority (64%) of the HCPs had poor overall knowledge regarding TB, and 67.6 and 57.6% had poor knowledge regarding TB diagnosis and nature of the disease, respectively. Moreover, most 66.7 and 55.6% of the HCPs had an unfavourable attitude towards TB and TB control systems, respectively. Slightly under half (49.1%) of the HCPs had a favourable attitude towards TB patients, and the majority (88.9%) had low perceived stigma. The majority (87.0%) of the HCPs indicated the importance of community involvement in TB control activity. Moreover, most (60.2%) of the HCPs showed willingness to collaborate with traditional healers (THs) on TB control activity. Conclusions Healthcare workers’ knowledge gap and unfavourable attitude towards TB control systems reported in this study may cause poor TB care delivery. HCPs’ perception of the importance of community involvement in TB control and willingness to collaborate with THs on TB management could be an opportunity to strengthen the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) component of End TB strategy through community engagement. Training and workshops could be used to address the knowledge gap and the unfavourable attitude regarding TB among HCPs.

• Magnus, Maria Christine; Karlstad, Øystein; Parr, Christine Louise; Page, Christian; Nafstad, Per; Magnus, Per; London, Stephanie J; Wilcox, Allen J; Nystad, Wenche & Håberg, Siri Eldevik (2019). Maternal history of miscarriages and measures of fertility in relation to childhood asthma. Thorax.  ISSN 0040-6376.  74(2), s 106- 113 . doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-211886 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Gradmann, Christoph (2019). Treatment on Trial: Tanzania’s National Tuberculosis Program, the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, and the Road to DOTS, 1977-1991. Journal of the history of medicine and allied sciences.  ISSN 0022-5045.  74(3), s 316- 343 . doi: 10.1093/jhmas/jrz029 Vis sammendrag

  Tanzania’s national tuberculosis control program, created in 1977, is credited with having been the main inspiration for the World Health Organization’s Directly Observed Treatment, Short-Course (DOTS) strategy for the control of tuberculosis, which was implemented from 1994. The text focuses on what previously took place in Tanzanian tuberculosis control between 1977 and the early 1990s. What was it that the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, which was central in the effort, assisted in creating? In what sense was the program innovative? How could a country whose health system was destroyed by a deepening economic crisis in the 1980s become a lighthouse of tuberculosis control? How much consideration was given to the rise of HIV/AIDS that occurred in parallel? The paper proposes answers to these questions, and suggests that we should see the creation of the Tanzanian program as a laboratory of nascent global health.

• Gopinathan, Unni; Watts, Nick; Lefebvre, Alexandre; Cheung, Arthur; Hoffman, Steven J & Røttingen, John-Arne (2019). Global governance and the broader determinants of health: A comparative case study of UNDP's and WTO's engagement with global health. Global Public Health.  ISSN 1744-1692.  14(2), s 175- 189 . doi: 10.1080/17441692.2018.1476567 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Iyer, Anita Lakshmi; Bundorf, M. Kate; Gyrd-Hansen, Dorte; Goldhaber-Flebert, Jeremy D.; Cyr, Pascale-Renée & Kristiansen, Ivar Sønbø (2019). How does information on the harms and benefits of cervical cancer screening alter the intention to be screened?: a randomized survey of Norwegian women.. European Journal of Cancer Prevention.  ISSN 0959-8278.  28(2), s 87- 95 . doi: 10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000436
• Mmbaga, Elia John; Deardorff, Katrina; Mushi, Beatrice; Mgisha, Willium; Hiatt, Robert & van Loon, Katherine (2018). Characteristics of Esophageal Cancer Cases in Tanzania.. Journal of Global Oncology (JGO).  ISSN 2378-9506. . doi: 10.1200/JGO.2016.006619 Vis sammendrag

  PURPOSE: Age-standardized incidence rates for esophageal cancer (EC) in East Africa have been reported as disproportionately high compared with the worldwide incidence of nine per 100,000 population. This study aimed to characterize EC cases seen at Muhimbili National Hospital and Ocean Road Cancer Institute in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. METHODS: Demographic, clinical, and treatment variables were abstracted from charts of patients who received care for a diagnosis of EC at one or both institutions between 2011 and 2013. Categorical data were summarized as frequency counts and percentages. Continuous data were presented as medians and ranges. To compare men and women, Pearson's χ2 and two-sample t tests were applied. RESULTS: Seven hundred thirty-eight unique cases of EC were identified, of whom 68% were men and the median age was 60 years (range, 19 to 95 years). Notably, 93 cases (13%) were ≤ 40 years old at diagnosis. Squamous cell carcinoma was the dominant histology, comprising 90% of cases with documented histopathology. However, 34% of cases with a diagnosis of EC were not pathologically confirmed. The stage was documented as locoregional in 4% of cases, locally advanced in 20% of cases, metastatic in 14% of cases, and unknown in 63% of cases. Of 430 patients who received treatment at Ocean Road Cancer Institute, 76% were treated with radiation, 44% were treated with chemotherapy, 3% underwent a cancer-related surgical procedure, and 10% of cases received no cancer-directed therapy. The median overall survival for all patients was 6.9 months (95% CI, 5.0 to 12.8), regardless of stage at presentation. CONCLUSION: Between 2011 and 2013, cases of EC represented a large clinical burden at both institutions.

• Mmbaga, Elia John; Leyna, Germana Henry; Moen, Kåre & Leshabari, M.T. (2018). HIV Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes.  ISSN 1525-4135. . doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001593 Vis sammendrag

  INTRODUCTION: Limited studies and differential risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Africa calls for population-specific studies. We present results from the largest integrated biobehavioral survey among MSM in Africa to inform programming. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study using respondent-driven sampling to recruit MSM aged 18 and above. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and HIV-related risks were collected and all participants were tested for HIV, herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2), hepatitis-B virus (HBV), and syphilis RESULTS:: A total of 753 MSM with a mean age of 26.5 years participated in the study and 646 (85.7%) provided blood for biological testing. The prevalence of HIV was 22.3%, HSV-2 40.9%, syphilis 1.1%, and HBV 3.25%. Significant risk factors for HIV were age above 25, having no children [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4 to 4.2], low HIV-risk perception (aOR, 2.6, 95% CI: 1.2 to 5.3), receptive position (aOR, 8.7, 95% CI: 1.2 to 5.3), and not using water-based lubricants (aOR, 2.6, 95% CI: 1.0 to 4.5) during the last anal sex. Also associated with HIV infection was, having sexual relationships with women (aOR, 8.0, 95% CI: 4.1 to 15.6), engaging in group sex (aOR, 3.8, 95% CI: 1.6 to 8.4), HSV-2 seropositivity (aOR, 4.1, 95% CI: 2.6 to 6.5), and history of genital ulcers (aOR, 4.1, 95% CI: 1.1 to 7.2). CONCLUSIONS: HIV infection and HSV-2 were highly prevalent among MSM. Low perceived HIV risk, practice of risk behaviors, and infection with HSV-2 were significant predictors of HIV infection. Behavioral interventions, HSV-2 suppressive therapies, and pre-exposure prophylaxis are highly needed.

• Sajjad, Torunn Arntsen (2018). Norwegian Pakistani Parents' Perception of Congenital Disorders among their Children. The Explorer Islamabad: Journal of Social Sciences.  ISSN 2411-0132.  4(1), s 1- 19

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• Nylenna, Magne (2019). Samfunnsmedisin på norsk. Gyldendal Akademisk.  ISBN 978-82-05-53008-9.  287 s.

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• Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Christensen, Jacob J.; Ulven, Stine Marie; Brantsæter, Anne Lise; Retterstøl, Kjetil; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Michelsen, Trond Melbye; Henriksen, Tore; Magnus, Per; Veierød, Marit Bragelien & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund (2019). Novel and comprehensive metabolite profiling in cord blood reveal sex differences: A sub-study from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort study.
• Strand, Bjørn Heine; Knapskog, Anne Brita; Persson, Karin Ester Torun; Edwin, Trine Holt; Bjertness, Espen; Engedal, Knut Arne & Selbæk, Geir (2019). The Loss in Expectation of Life due to Early-Onset Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early-Onset Dementia in Norway. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders.  ISSN 1420-8008.
• Hauger, Annette Vogt; Holvik, Kristin; Bergland, Astrid; Emaus, Nina & Strand, Bjørn Heine (2019). Midlife Bone Mineral Density Change in the Distal Forearm and Subsequent Mortality: Findings from the Population Based Tromsø Study.
• Dahl, Jesper; Holvik, Kristin; Heldal, Einar; Grimnes, Guri; Hoff, Mari; Finnes, Trine Elisabeth; Apalset, Ellen Margrete & Meyer, Haakon E (2019). Individual variation in adaptive immune responses and risk of hip fracture – A NOREPOS population-based cohort study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research.  ISSN 0884-0431.  34(suppl.)(2019 Annual Meeting of the ASBMR), s 247- 247 Vis sammendrag

  T-cell mediated immune responses may affect bone homeostasis, and subsequently the risk of fracture, through multiple pathways. Little is known about how individual variation in these responses contributes to the risk of fracture on a population-level. Tuberculin skin tests (TST) are likely one of the few tests directly reflecting in vivo T-cell responses to have been conducted on a population-scale, as part of the effort to prevent the spread of tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of individual variation in these immune responses on the risk of hip fracture in the general population. The hypothesis was that individuals with a tendency towards pro-inflammatory responses have an increased risk of fracture.We used data from the compulsory nationwide Norwegian mass tuberculosis screening and BCG vaccination programme during 1963-1975, which covered an estimated 80-85% of the population. This data included results from standardized TST, as well as timing and status of BCG vaccination. Individuals aged 14-30 years at the time of TST measurement and born 1940-1960 were included in the current analysis. All included individuals had a negative TST followed by BCG vaccination in the past, and had no signs of tuberculosis upon examination. TST results at the screening were recorded in millimetres, and later categorized according to clinical guidelines (positive/negative). Our cohort constitutes 248 551 individuals who were alive and living in Norway at the start of the NORHIP database in 1994. This database includes records on all hospitalizations due to hip fractures in Norway during 1994-2013 (follow-up). Risk estimates were adjusted for county, BMI, age and time between BCG-TST, using Cox regression models. There were 3580 incident hip fractures during follow-up (first fractures), with a median age at the time of fracture of 61 years (range 36-73). Men with a positive TST had a 22% (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.02-1.44) increased adjusted risk of hip fracture compared to men with a negative TST. This association was strengthened in sensitivity analyses limited to either those born 1945-1960 (post WW2) or aged 11-14 years at BCG vaccination (school vaccination). No clear association was observed in women. We conclude that men with a negative tuberculin skin test after BCG vaccination have a reduced risk of hip fracture decades later. Women do not demonstrate similar associations, potentially due to sex specific differences in immune responses.

• Larsen, Øivind (2019). Michael Skjelderup 250 år. Michael.  ISSN 1893-9651.  16(3), s 340 Vis sammendrag

  Kort markering av at det 22. oktober 2019 var 250 år siden Norges første medisinprofessor Michael Skjelderup (1769-1852)ble født.

• Larsen, Øivind (2019). Samfunnsmedisinsk samling i Levanger. Michael.  ISSN 1893-9651.  16(3), s 321- 333 Vis sammendrag

  Referat/kronikk om et møte i Levanger 27.-28.5.2019 for lærere i samfunnsmedisin ved de medisinske fakultetene i Norge for å drøfte undervisning og læremidler.

• Larsen, Øivind (2019). Kontekstkompetanse. Michael.  ISSN 1893-9651.  16(3), s 267- 269
• Ask, Helga; Hannigan, Laurie; Davies, Neil; Gustavson, Kristin; Biele, Guido; Richardson, Thomas; Cornish, Rosie; Corfield, Elizabeth; Askeland, Ragna Bugge; Tesli, Martin Steen; Tilling, Kate; Davey Smith, George; Magnus, Per; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Havdahl, Alexandra (2019). Exploring the Associations Between Health-Related Polygenic Scores and Participation in the Norwegian Mother and Child Pregnancy Cohort (MoBa).
• Slagstad, Ketil (2019). Pride: Diagnosens makt.
• Slagstad, Ketil & Lie, Anne Helene Kveim (2019). Skal religion definere hvordan medisin skal praktiseres?. Morgenbladet.  ISSN 0805-3847.
• Slagstad, Ketil (2019). The Human Body on the Verge of Collapse. Somatosphere: Science, Medicine and Anthropology.
• Slagstad, Ketil (2019). Slik sukret tobakksindustrien barnas hverdag. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  139(10) . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0334
• Slagstad, Ketil (2019). Uenighet om nytt forskningsinitiativ rundt psykiske lidelser. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  139(10) . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0335
• Ranhoff, Anette Hylen; Hygen, Hans Olav; Di Ruscio, Francesco; Rao-Skirbekk, Shilpa & Strand, Bjørn Heine (2019). Varm sommer 2018-økt dødelighet blant eldre?. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  139(10), s 1- 5 . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0167
• Nylenna, Magne (2019). Ord og uttrykk som forsvinner. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  139(7) . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0007
• Holvik, Kristin; Meyer, Haakon E; Madar, Ahmed Ali & Brustad, Magritt (2019). Ikke nødvendig med høydosetilskudd av vitamin D. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  139(7), s 602- 604 . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0749
• Stanislawski, Maggie A.; Dabelea, Dana; Wagner, Brandie D.; Iszatt, Nina; Dahl, Cecilie; Sontag, Marci K.; Knight, Rob; Lozupone, Catherine A. & Eggesbø, Merete Åse (2019). Reply to Moossavi and Azad, "Quantifying and Interpreting the Association between Early-Life Gut Microbiota Composition and Childhood Obesity". mBio.  ISSN 2161-2129.  10(1) . doi: 10.1128/mBio.00047-19
• Slagstad, Ketil (2019). Asperger, the Nazis and the children – the history of the birth of a diagnosis. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001. . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0932
• Holst, Christine; Sukums, Felix; Ngowi, Helena; Radovanović, Danica; Mwakapeje, Elibariki; Mdala, Ibrahimu; Madar, Ahmed Ali; Isabwe, Ghislain Maurice Norbert; Noll, Josef; Winkler, Andrea Sylvia & Ngowi, Bernard James (2019). Free access to digital health information in Iringa, Tanzania: Development, provision and testing the effect of digital health messages to rural communities.
• Wegling, Monica & Slagstad, Ketil (2019, 07. januar). Ønsker saklig diskusjon om trans. [Internett].  Gaysir.
• Slagstad, Ketil (2019). Chemsex på norsk. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001. . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0875
• Slagstad, Ketil (2019). Medisinen, politikken, historien. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001. . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0867
• Slagstad, Ketil (2019). Democracy dies in darkness. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001. . doi: doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0194
• Slagstad, Ketil (2019). Mikroskopisk og makroskopisk medisinhistorie. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001. . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0072
• Slagstad, Ketil (2019). Creating Bodies, Creating a Nation: How the Idea of the Straight, White, Muscular Male Body Shaped America. Somatosphere: Science, Medicine and Anthropology.
• Larsen, Øivind & Nylenna, Magne (2019). Folkehelseinstituttet opplevd innenfra. Michael.  ISSN 1893-9651.  16(1), s 7- 9 Vis sammendrag

  Lederartikkel i Michaels spesialnummer (2019; 16: hefte 1) om Folkehelseinstituttets historie.

• Bårdsgjerde, Elise Kvalsund; Kvangarsnes, Marit; Landstad, Bodil; Nylenna, Magne & Hole, Torstein (2019). Pasienter erfarer mangler i informasjon og oppfølging etter hjerteinfarkt. Gemini.no.
• Hauger, Annette Vogt; Bergland, Astrid; Holvik, Kristin; Ståhle, Agneta; Emaus, Nina & Strand, Bjørn Heine (2018). Bone mineral density of the distal forearm as a predictor of all-cause mortality. The Tromsø Study.
• Loddenkemper, R.; JF, Murray; Gradmann, Christoph; Hopewell, Philipp C & Kato-Maeda, Midori (2018). History of Tuberculosis. ERS Monograph.  ISSN 2312-508X.  s 8- 27 . doi: 10.1183/2312508X.erm8218 Vis sammendrag

  This chapter begins with the supposition that Mycobacterium tuberculosis and humans co-evolved during their greater than 70 000-year partnership, but how and where are still not fully understood. During the Neolithic revolution the size of the population and its farming and animal domestication activities contributed to the maintenance and transmission of M. tuberculosis. TB continued its increase beginning around 1750 owing to the deplorable conditions prevailing during the first half of the Industrial revolution (overcrowding, malnutrition and absent sanitation), but then began to decline. Even after Robert Koch’s seminal discovery of M. tuberculosis in 1882, methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention advanced slowly. But then TB mortality again increased sharply in many countries during world war I and II. In 1944, effective TB antibiotics first appeared and even better ones followed. Major impediments to TB eradication or elimination remain HIV infection and drug resistance. The WHO created the End TB Strategy in 2014, but achieving its goals appears unlikely by 2035. Possible solutions include widespread treatment for LTBI and an effective vaccine.

• Sajjad, Torunn Arntsen & Chaudhry, Farruck Abbas (2018). Ikke grunnlag for å forby søskenbarnekteskap. Avisa Vårt land.
• Kjørstad, Elise; Holst, Christine; Noll, Josef & Ahmed, Wisam (2018, 30. desember). Slik vil forskerne sette opp trådløst nett på landsbygda i Tanzania. [Internett].  Forskning.no.

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