Siste publikasjoner - Avdeling for Samfunnsmedisin og global helse

• Engdahl, Bo Lars; Strand, Bjørn Heine & Aarhus, Lisa (2020). Better hearing in Norway. A comparison of two HUNT Cohorts 20 years apart. Ear and Hearing.  ISSN 0196-0202. . doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000000898
• Forsén, Lisa; Søgaard, André; Holvik, Kristin; Meyer, Haakon E; Omsland, T.K.; Stigum, Hein & Dahl, Cecilie (2020). Geographic variations in hip fracture incidence in a high-risk country stretching into the Arctic: a NOREPOS study. Osteoporosis International.  ISSN 0937-941X.  31(7), s 1323- 1331 . doi: 10.1007/s00198-020-05346-8
• Slagstad, Ketil (2020). The Amphibious Nature of AIDS Activism: Medical Professionals and Gay and Lesbian Communities in Norway, 1975–87. Medical history.  ISSN 0025-7273.  64(3), s 401- 435 Vis sammendrag

  This article is the first to explore Norwegian HIV/AIDS policy and activism. Drawing on a range of archival material and oral history interviews, it does this along two lines. First, it analyses how AIDS unfolded in the changing political landscape and health bureaucracy of the 1970s and 1980s. The question is addressed of how AIDS challenged and shaped social medicine, an important ‘thought style’ of the postwar health bureaucracy and an important factor in the creation of the welfare state. Second, the article contributes to a growing AIDS historiography tracing the genealogy of AIDS activism in gay and lesbian health activism in the preceding decades. At the advent of AIDS, formal and informal networks already existed between gay and lesbian communities, activist organisations and the authorities. The roles of gay and lesbian medical professionals and activists are traced, together with how they challenged paternalistic and heteronormative notions of social medicine and homophobic attitudes in the public healthcare system. By having one foot in the medico-political world and one in the queer communities, they were able to mediate and translate different kinds of expertise and knowledge to the authorities, the public and the affected communities. This ‘amphibious’ role gave them credibility with both the authorities and the communities when addressing public health issues and preventive work. However, this story demonstrates that gay AIDS activists were not immune to the reproduction of exclusionary or hierarchical mechanisms within the queer communities. It shows how the juggling of different roles sometimes posed difficult dilemmas for the activists and how challenging but important this amphibiousness was to them.

• Radovanović, Danica; Holst, Christine; Belur, Sarbani Banerjee; Srivastava, Ritu; Houngbonon, Georges Vivien; Le Quentrec, Erwan; Miliza, Josephine; Winkler, Andrea Sylvia & Noll, Josef (2020). Digital Literacy Key Performance Indicators for Sustainable Development. Social Inclusion.  ISSN 2183-2803.  8(2) . doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v8i2.2587
• Bårdsgjerde, Elise Kvalsund; Landstad, Bodil; Hole, Torstein; Nylenna, Magne; Gjeilo, Kari Hanne & Kvangarsnes, Marit (2020). Nurses' perceptions of patient participation in the myocardial infarction pathway. Nursing Open.  ISSN 2054-1058. . doi: 10.1002/nop2.544
• Shaikh, Fareeha; Kjøllesdal, Marte Karoline Råberg; Carslake, David; Stoltenberg, Camilla; Smith, George Davey & Næss, Øyvind (2020). Birthweight in offspring and cardiovascular mortality in their parents, aunts and uncles: a family-based cohort study of 1.35 million births. International Journal of Epidemiology.  ISSN 0300-5771.  49(1), s 205- 215 . doi: 10.1093/ije/dyz156
• Trewin, Cassia Bree; Johansson, Anna Louise Viktoria; Hjerkind, Kirsti Vik; Strand, Bjørn Heine; Kiserud, Cecilie E. & Ursin, Giske (2020). Stage‑specific survival has improved for young breast cancer patients since 2000: but not equally. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.  ISSN 0167-6806. . doi: 10.1007/s10549-020-05698-z Vis sammendrag

  Purpose The stage-specific survival of young breast cancer patients has improved, likely due to diagnostic and treatment advances. We addressed whether survival improvements have reached all socioeconomic groups in a country with universal health care and national treatment guidelines. Methods Using Norwegian registry data, we assessed stage-specific breast cancer survival by education and income level of 7501 patients (2317 localized, 4457 regional, 233 distant and 494 unknown stage) aged 30–48 years at diagnosis during 2000–2015. Using flexible parametric models and national life tables, we compared excess mortality up to 12 years from diagnosis and 5-year relative survival trends, by education and income as measures of socioeconomic status (SES). Results Throughout 2000–2015, regional and distant stage 5-year relative survival improved steadily for patients with high education and high income (high SES), but not for patients with low education and low income (low SES). Regional stage 5-year relative survival improved from 85 to 94% for high SES patients (9% change; 95% confidence interval: 6, 13%), but remained at 84% for low SES patients (0% change; − 12, 12%). Distant stage 5-year relative survival improved from 22 to 58% for high SES patients (36% change; 24, 49%), but remained at 11% for low SES patients (0% change; − 19, 19%). Conclusions Regional and distant stage breast cancer survival has improved markedly for high SES patients, but there has been little survival gain for low SES patients. Socioeconomic status matters for the stage-specific survival of young breast cancer patients, even with universal health care.

• Ahmed, Seid Mussa; Sundby, Johanne; Aragaw, Yesuf Ahmed & Abebe, Fekadu (2020). : Self-medication and safety profile of medicines used among pregnant women in a tertiary teaching hospital in Jimma, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.  ISSN 1660-4601.
• Mbanya, Vivian N.; Terragni, Laura; Gele, Abdi; Diaz, Esperanza & Kumar, Bernadette. N (2020). Barriers to access to the Norwegian healthcare system among sub-Saharan African immigrant women exposed to female genital cutting. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  15(3), s 1- 22 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229770
• Haave, Per (2020). LSD i psykoterapiens tjeneste, I: Øyvind Michael Eide (red.),  Møter med sårbare sinn : Gordon Johnsen og Modum Bads Nervesanatorium.  Hertervig Akademisk.  ISBN 9788282172417.  Kapittel 9.  s 248 - 278
• Haave, Per (2020). Behandlingsprinsipper på Modum Bads Nervesanatorium (1957-1976), I: Øyvind Michael Eide (red.),  Møter med sårbare sinn : Gordon Johnsen og Modum Bads Nervesanatorium.  Hertervig Akademisk.  ISBN 9788282172417.  Kapittel 8.  s 220 - 247
• Haave, Per (2020). Nervesanatorietanken og veien til Modum Bads Nervesanatorium, I: Øyvind Michael Eide (red.),  Møter med sårbare sinn : Gordon Johnsen og Modum Bads Nervesanatorium.  Hertervig Akademisk.  ISBN 9788282172417.  Kapittel 6.  s 138 - 161
• Haave, Per (2020). En pionerinstitusjon i norsk psykiatri : Lovisenbergs avdeling for nervøse (1949-1957), I: Øyvind Michael Eide (red.),  Møter med sårbare sinn : Gordon Johnsen og Modum Bads Nervesanatorium.  Hertervig Akademisk.  ISBN 9788282172417.  Kapittel 5.  s 102 - 137
• Ousman, Seman Kedir; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Sundby, Johanne & Gebremariam, Mekdes Kebede (2020). Uptake of Skilled Maternal Healthcare in Ethiopia: A Positive Deviance Approach.. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.  ISSN 1660-4601.  17(5) . doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051712.
• Michelet, Mona; Lund, Anne; Strand, Bjørn Heine; Engedal, Knut; Selbæk, Geir & Bergh, Sverre (2020). Characteristics of patients assessed for cognitive decline in primary healthcare, compared to patients assessed in specialist healthcare. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care.  ISSN 0281-3432. . doi: 10.1080/02813432.2020.1753334 Vis sammendrag

  Objective: The aim of this study was to describe patients assessed for cognitive decline in primary healthcare, compared to patients assessed in specialist healthcare and to examine factors associated with depression. Design: This was an observational study. Setting: Fourteen outpatient clinics and 33 general practitioners and municipality memory teams across Norway. Subjects: A total of 226 patients assessed in primary healthcare and 1595 patients assessed in specialist healthcare outpatient clinics. Main outcome measures: Cornell scale for depression in dementia (CSDD), Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Clock drawing test, Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, Personal Self-Maintenance Scale, Relatives’ stress scale (RSS), and Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) Results: Patients assessed in primary healthcare were older (mean age 81.3 vs 73.0 years), less educated, had poorer cognition (MMSE median 22 vs 25), more limitations in activities of daily living (ADL), more behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), more depressive symptoms (CSDD median 7 vs 5), more often lived alone (60% vs 41%) and were more often diagnosed with dementia (86% vs 47%) compared to patients diagnosed in specialist healthcare. Depression was associated with female gender, older age, more severe decline in cognitive functioning (IQCODE, OR 1.65), higher caregiver burden (RSS, OR 1.10) and with being assessed in primary healthcare (OR 1.53). Conclusion: Post-diagnostic support tailored to patients diagnosed with dementia in primary healthcare should consider their poor cognitive function and limitations in ADL and that these people often live alone, have BPSD and depression.

• Hussain, Akhtar; Bhowmik, Bishwajit & Do Vale Moreira, Nayla Cristina (2020). COVID-19 and diabetes: Knowledge in progress. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.  ISSN 0168-8227.  162:108142(April), s 1- 9 . doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108142
• Prodjinotho, Ulrich Fabien; Lema, Jakobo; Lacorcia, Matthew; Schmidt, Veronika; Vejzagic, Nermina; Sikasunge, Chummy; Ngowi, Bernard; Winkler, Andrea Sylvia & Prazeres da Costa, Clarissa (2020). Host immune responses during Taenia solium Neurocysticercosis infection and treatment. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases.  ISSN 1935-2727.  14:e0008005(4), s 1- 16 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008005
• Slagstad, Ketil (2020). The Pasts, Presents and Futures of AIDS, Norway (1983–1996). Social history of medicine.  ISSN 0951-631X. . doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkaa018
• Prince, Ruth Jane (2020). From Russia with love: Medical modernities, development dreams, and cold war legacies in Kenya, 1969 and 2015. Africa.  ISSN 0001-9720.  90(1), s 51- 76 . doi: 10.1017/S0001972019001025
• Likindikoki, Samuel; Mmbaga, Elia John; Leyna, Germana Henry; Moen, Kåre; Makyao, Neema; Mizinduko, Mucho; Mwijage, Alexander; Faini, Diana; Leshabari, Melkizedeck T. & Meyrowitsch, Dan Wolf (2020). Prevalence and risk factors associated with HIV-1 infection among people who inject drugs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a sign of successful intervention?. Harm Reduction Journal.  ISSN 1477-7517.  17(1) . doi: 10.1186/s12954-020-00364-5 Vis sammendrag

  BACKGROUND: Prevalence of HIV infection among people who inject drugs (PWID) has been reported to be higher than that of the general population. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HIV infection and associated risk factors among PWID in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, following the introduction of a comprehensive HIV intervention package (CHIP) for PWID in the country in 2014. METHODS: We conducted an integrated bio-behavioral survey (IBBS) among PWID using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, between October and December 2017. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and risky behaviors were collected through face-to-face interviews. Blood samples were collected and tested for HIV infection. We accounted for weighting in the analyses, and logistic regression was performed to assess risk factors for HIV infection. RESULTS: A total of 611 PWID (94.4% males and 5.6% females) with a median age of 34 years (IQR 29-38) were recruited. The overall prevalence of HIV infection was 8.7% (95% CI 6.5-10.9). The prevalence of HIV infections for males and females were 6.8% (95% CI 4.7-8.9%) and 41.2% (95% CI 23.7-58.6%) respectively. Adjusted weighted logistic regression analysis (WLRA) showed that being a female (aOR 19.1; 95% CI 5.9-61.8), injecting drugs for more than 10 years (aOR = 7.32; 95% CI 2.1-25.5) compared to 1 year or less and being 45 years or older (aOR = 34.22; 95% CI 2.4-489.5) compared to being 25 years or younger were associated with increased odds of HIV infection. Use of a sterile needle at last injection decreased odds of HIV infection (aOR = 0.3; 95% CI 0.1-0.8). CONCLUSIONS: The present study observed a decline in prevalence of HIV infections among PWID in Dar es Salaam (8.7%) compared to a previous estimate of 15.5% from an IBBS conducted in 2013. Despite the decrease, HIV prevalence remains high among PWID compared to the general population, and women are disproportionally affected. The decline may be possibly attributed to the on-going implementation of CHIP for PWID, highlighting the need for strengthening the existing harm reduction interventions by incorporating access to sterile needle/syringe and addressing the layered risks for women.

• Hauger, Annette Vogt; Bergland, Astrid; Holvik, Kristin; Emaus, Nina & Strand, Bjørn Heine (2020). Can bone mineral density loss in the non-weight bearing distal forearm predict mortality?. Bone.  ISSN 8756-3282.  136 . doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115347
• Kollerud, Ruby Del Risco; Haugnes, Hege Sagstuen; Thoresen, Magne; Claussen, Bjørgulf; Nafstad, Per; Farnham, Jim; Blaasaas, Karl Gerhard; Næss, Øyvind & Cannon-Albright, LA (2020). A population-based study of testicular cancer risk among children and young adults from Norway and Utah, USA.. International Journal of Cancer.  ISSN 0020-7136. . doi: 10.1002/ijc.32949
• Degerud, Eirik Magnus Meek; Høiseth, Gudrun; Mørland, Jørg Gustav; Ariansen, Inger; Graff-Iversen, Sidsel; Ystrøm, Eivind; Zuccolo, Luisa & Næss, Øyvind (2020). Association of coincident self-reported mental health problems and alcohol intake with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality: A Norwegian pooled population analysis. PLoS Medicine.  ISSN 1549-1277.  17(2), s 1- 21 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003030 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Rantala, Aino K.; Magnus, Maria Christine; Karlstad, Øystein; Stigum, Hein; Håberg, Siri Eldevik; Nafstad, Per; Nystad, Wenche & Jaakkola, Jouni J. K. (2020). Is the association of early day care attendance with childhood asthma explained by underlying susceptibility?. Epidemiology.  ISSN 1044-3983.  s 451- 458 . doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000001163
• Barlinn, Regine; Trogstad, Lill; Rollag, Halvor; Frøen, Jahn Frederik; Magnus, Per & Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen (2020). Parvovirus B19 DNAemia in pregnant women in relation to perinatal death: A nested case‐control study within a large population‐based pregnancy cohort. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica.  ISSN 0001-6349.  s 1- 9 . doi: 10.1111/aogs.13801 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Heiberg, Ina Heidi; Nesvåg, Ragnar; Balteskard, Lise; Bramness, Jørgen Gustav; Hultman, Christina M.; Næss, Øyvind; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted; Ystrøm, Eivind; Jacobsen, Bjarne K. & Høye, Anne (2020). Diagnostic tests and treatment procedures performed prior to cardiovascular death in individuals with severe mental illness. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica.  ISSN 0001-690X.  141, s 439- 451 . doi: 10.1111/acps.13157 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Al masud, Abdullah; Rousham, Emily Kate; Islam, Mohammad Aminul; Alam, Mahbub-Ul; Rahman, Mahbubur; Al Mamun, Abdullah; Sarker, Supta; Asaduzzaman, Muhammad & Unicomb, Leanne (2020). Drivers of Antibiotic Use in Poultry Production in Bangladesh: Dependencies and Dynamics of a Patron-Client Relationship. Frontiers in Veterinary Science.  ISSN 2297-1769. . doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00078 Vis sammendrag

  Background: There is increasing concern around the use of antibiotics in animal food production and the risk of transmission of antimicrobial resistance within the food chain. In many low and middle-income countries, including Bangladesh, the commercial poultry sector comprises small-scale producers who are dependent on credit from poultry dealers to buy day-old chicks and poultry feed. The same dealers also supply and promote antibiotics. The credit system is reliant upon informal relationships among multiple actors as part of social capital. This paper aims to describe dependencies and relationships between different actors within unregulated broiler poultry production systems to understand the social and contextual determinants of antibiotic use in low-resource settings. Methods: We used a cross-sectional qualitative design including in-depth interviews among purposefully selected commercial poultry farmers (n = 10), poultry dealers (n = 5), sales representatives of livestock pharmaceutical companies (n = 3) and the local government livestock officer as a key-informant (n = 1). We describe the food production cycle and practices relating to credit purchases and sales using social capital theory. Findings: Poultry dealers provide credit and information for small-scale poultry farmers to initiate and operate their business. In return for credit, farmers are obliged to buy poultry feed and medicine from their dealer and sell their market-ready poultry to that same dealer. All farms applied multiple antibiotics to poultry throughout the production cycle, including banned antibiotics such as colistin sulfate. The relationship between dealers and poultry farmers is reciprocal but mostly regulated by the dealers. Dealers were the main influencers of decision-making by farmers, particularly around antibiotic use as an integral part of the production cycle risk management. Our findings suggest that strategies to improve antibiotic stewardship and responsible use should exploit the patron-client relationship which provides the social and information network for small-scale farmers. Conclusion: Social capital theory can be applied to the patron-client relationship observed among poultry farmers and dealers in Bangladesh to identify influences on decision making and antibiotic use. Within unregulated food production systems, strategies to promote the prudent use of antibiotics should target commercial feed producers and livestock pharmaceutical manufacturers as a first step in developing a sustainable poultry value chain.

• Itkonen, Suvi T.; Andersen, Rikke; Björk, Anne K.; Konde, Åsa Brugård; Eneroth, Hanna; Erkkola, Maijaliisa; Holvik, Kristin; Madar, Ahmed Ali; Meyer, Haakon E; Tetens, Inge; Torfadóttir, Jóhanna E.; Thórisdóttir, Birna & Lamberg-Allardt, Christel J. E. (2020). Vitamin D status and current policies to achieve adequate vitamin D intake in the Nordic countries. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health.  ISSN 1403-4948.  s 1- 12 . doi: 10.1177/1403494819896878
• Haave, Per & Pedersen, Willy (2020). The Promise and Demise of LSD Psychotherapy in Norway. Social history of medicine.  ISSN 0951-631X.  s 1- 18 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Kaunda, Lillian; Iversen, Per Ole; Holmboe-Ottesen, Gerd; Fjeld, Heidi E; Mdala, Ibrahimu & Kamudoni, Penjani Rhoda (2020). Dietary intake and processes of behaviour change in a nutrition education intervention for pregnant women in rural Malawi: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Public Health Nutrition.  ISSN 1368-9800. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Kravdal, Øystein; Magnus, Per; Moum, Bjørn & Høivik, Marte Lie (2020). Childbearing is Associated with a Short-term Reduced Risk of Crohn’s Disease in Mothers. American Journal of Epidemiology.  ISSN 0002-9262. . doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwz285 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Lee, Crystal Man Ying; Woodward, Mark; Batty, G. David; Beiser, Alexa S.; Bell, Steven; Berr, Claudine; Bjertness, Espen; Chalmers, John; Clarke, Robert; Dartigues, Jean-Francois; Davis-Plourde, Kendra; Debette, Stéphanie; Di Angelantonio, Emanuele; Feart, Catherine; Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth; Gregson, John; Haan, Mary; Hassing, Linda B.; Hayden, Kathleen M.; Hoevenaar-Blom, Marieke P.; Kaprio, Jaakko; Kivimäki, Mika; Lappas, Georgios; Larson, Eric B.; LeBlanc, Erin S.; Lee, Anne; Lui, Li-Yung; van Charante, Eric P. Moll; Ninomiya, Toshiharu; Nordestgaard, Liv Tybjærg; Ohara, Tomoyuki; Ohkuma, Toshiaki; Palviainen, Teemu; Peres, Karine; Peters, Ruth; Qizilbash, Nawab; Richard, Edo; Rosengren, Annika; Seshadri, Sudha; Shipley, Martin; Sing-Manoux, Archana; Strand, Bjørn Heine; van Gool, Willem A.; Vuoksimaa, Eero; Yaffe, Kristine & Huxley, Rachel R. (2020). Association of anthropometry and weight change with risk of dementia and its major subtypes: A meta‐analysis consisting 2.8 million adults with 57 294 cases of dementia. Obesity Reviews.  ISSN 1467-7881.  21:e12989(4), s 1- 14 . doi: 10.1111/obr.12989 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Uncertainty exists regarding the relation of body size and weight change with dementia risk. As populations continue to age and the global obesity epidemic shows no sign of waning, reliable quantification of such associations is important. We examined the relationship of body mass index, waist circumference, and annual percent weight change with risk of dementia and its subtypes by pooling data from 19 prospective cohort studies and four clinical trials using meta‐analysis. Compared with body mass index–defined lower‐normal weight (18.5‐22.4 kg/m2), the risk of all‐cause dementia was higher among underweight individuals but lower among those with upper‐normal (22.5‐24.9 kg/m2) levels. Obesity was associated with higher risk in vascular dementia. Similarly, relative to the lowest fifth of waist circumference, those in the highest fifth had nonsignificant higher vascular dementia risk. Weight loss was associated with higher all‐cause dementia risk relative to weight maintenance. Weight gain was weakly associated with higher vascular dementia risk. The relationship between body size, weight change, and dementia is complex and exhibits non‐linear associations depending on dementia subtype under scrutiny. Weight loss was associated with an elevated risk most likely due to reverse causality and/or pathophysiological changes in the brain, although the latter remains speculative.

• Haagsma, Juanita A.; James, Spencer L.; Castle, Chris D.; Dingels, Zachary V.; Fox, Jack T.; Hamilton, Erin B.; Liu, Zichen; Lucchesi, Lydia R.; Roberts, Nicholas L.S.; Sylte, Dillon O.; Adebayo, Oladimeji M.; Ahmadi, Alireza; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine; Alahdab, Fares; Alghnam, Suliman A.; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M.; Alsharif, Ubai; Altirkawi, Khalid; Anjomshoa, Mina; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.; Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw; Aremu, Olatunde; Arora, Amit; Asayesh, Hamid; Assadi, Reza; Awasthi, Ashish; Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina; Balalla, Shivanthi; Banstola, Amrit; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn; Barnighausen, Till Winfried; Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad; Bedi, Neeraj; Behzadifar, Masoud; Behzadifar, Meysam; Benjet, Corina; Bennett, Derrick A.; Bensenor, Isabela M; Bhaumik, Soumyadeep; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Bijani, Ali; Borges, Guilherme; Borschmann, Rohan; Bose, Dipan; Boufous, Soufiane; Brazinova, Alexandra; Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar; Cardenas, Rosario; Carrero, Juan J.; Carvalho, Felix; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A.; Catala-Lopez, Ferran; Choi, Jee-Young J.; Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas; Crowe, Christopher Stephen; Dalal, Koustuv; Daryani, Ahmad; Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil; Degenhardt, Louisa; De Leo, Diego; De Neve, Jan-Walter; Deribe, Kebede; Dessie, Getenet Ayalew; Deveber, Gabrielle Aline; Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda; Doan, Linh Phuong; Dolan, Kate A.; Driscoll, Tim Robert; Dubey, Manisha; El-Khatib, Ziad; Ellingsen, Christian Lycke; El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa; Endries, Aman Yesuf; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Faro, Andre; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Fernandes, Eduarda; Filip, Irina; Fischer, Florian; Franklin, Richard Charles; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Gezae, Kebede Embaye; Gill, Tiffany K.; Goulart, Alessandra C.; Grada, Ayman; Guo, Yuming; Gupta, Rahul; Haghparast Bidgoli, Hassan; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin; Haj-Mirzaian, Arya; Hamadeh, Randah R.; Hamidi, Samer; Haro, Josep Maria; Hassankhani, Hadi; Hassen, Hamid Yimam; Havmoeller, Rasmus; Hendrie, Delia; Henok, Andualem; Hijar, Martha; Hole, Michael K.; Homaie Rad, Enayatollah; Hossain, Naznin; Hostiuc, Sorin; Hu, Guoqing; Igumbor, Ehimario U.; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Ivers, Rebecca Q.; Jacobsen, Kathryn H.; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jonas, Jost B.; Jorjoran Shushtari, Zahra; Jóźwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Jürisson, Mikk; Kabir, Ali; Kalani, Rizwan; Kasaeian, Amir; Kelbore, Abraham Getachew; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif; Khalid, Nauman; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khoja, Abdullah T.; Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A.; Kim, Young-Eun; Kim, Daniel; Kisa, Adnan; Koyanagi, Ai; Kuate Defo, Barthelemy; Kucuk Bicer, Burcu; Kumar, Manasi; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lam, Hilton; Lami, Faris Hasan; Lansingh, Van C.; Leasher, Janet L.; Li, Shanshan; Linn, Shai; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Machado, Flavia R.; Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan; Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed; Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur; Majdan, Marek; Majeed, Azeem; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malik, Manzoor Ahmad; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Manda, Ana-Laura; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard; Maulik, Pallab K.; Meheretu, Hailemariam Abiy Alemu; Mehndiratta, Man Mohan; Melese, Addisu; Mendoza, Walter; Mengesha, Melkamu Merid; Meretoja, Tuomo J.; Meretoja, Atte; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Miller, Ted R.; Mini, Gomathyamma Krishnakurup; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.; Moazen, Babak; Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser; Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh; Mohammed, Shafiu; Molokhia, Mariam; Monasta, Lorenzo; Mondello, Stefania; Montero-Zamora, Pablo A.; Moodley, Yoshan; Moosazadeh, Mahmood; Moradi, Ghobad; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Morawska, Lidia; Velasquez, Ilais Moreno; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Moschos, Marilita M.; Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam; Murthy, Srinivas; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Naik, Gurudatta; Najafi, Farid; Nangia, Vinay; Nascimento, Bruno Ramos; Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith; Negoi, Ionut; Nguyen, Trang Huyen; Nguyen, Son Hoang; Nguyen, Long Hoang; Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi; Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini; Nirayo, Yirga Legesse; Ofori-Asenso, Richard; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Oh, In-Hwan; Oladimeji, Olanrewaju; Olagunju, Andrew T.; Olagunju, Tinuke O.; Olivares, Pedro R.; Orpana, Heather M.; Otstavnov, Stanislav S.; Mahesh, Padukudru Anand; Pakhale, Smita; Park, Eun-Kee; Patton, George C.; Pesudovs, Konrad; Phillips, Michael R.; Polinder, Suzanne; Prakash, Swayam; Radfar, Amir; Rafay, Anwar; Rafiei, Alireza; Rahimi, Siavash; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rai, Rajesh Kumar; Ramezanzadeh, Kiana; Rawaf, Salman; Rawaf, David Laith; Renzaho, Andre Masumbuko N.; Resnikoff, Serge; Rezaeian, Shahab; Roever, Leonardo; Ronfani, Luca; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Sabde, Yogesh Damodar; Saddik, Basema; Salamati, Payman; Salimi, Yahya; Salz, Inbal; Samy, Abdallah M.; Sanabria, Juan; Sánchez Riera, Lídia; Šantrić-Milićević,, Milena M.M.; Satpathy, Maheswar; Sawhney, Monika; Sawyer, Susan M.; Saxena, Sonia; Saylan, Mete; Schneider, Ione J.C.; Schwebel, David C.; Seedat, Soraya; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran; Shamsizadeh, Morteza; Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi; Sheikh, Aziz; Shen, Jiabin; Shigematsu, Mika; Shiri, Rahman; Shiue, Ivy; Silva, Joao Pedro; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Sinha, Dhirendra Narain; Soares Filho, Adauto Martins; Soriano, Joan B.; Soshnikov, Sergey; Soyiri, Ireneous N.; Starodubov, Vladimir I.; Stein, Dan J.; Stokes, Mark A.; Sufiyan, Mu'Awiyyah Babale; Sunshine, Jacob E.; Sykes, Bryan L.; Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael; Tabb, Karen M.; Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash; Tessema, Gizachew Assefa; Thakur, Jarnail Singh; Tran, Khanh Bao; Tran, Bach Xuan; Tudor Car, Lorainne; Uthman, Olalekan A.; Uzochukwu, Benjamin S. Chudi; Valdez, Pascual R.; Varavikova, Elena; Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales; Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy; Violante, Francesco S.; Vlassov, Vasily; Waheed, Yasir; Wang, Yuan-Pang; Wijeratne, Tissa; Winkler, Andrea Sylvia; Yadav, Priyanka; Yano, Yuichiro; Yenesew, Muluken Azage; Yip, Paul; Yisma, Engida; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Younis, Mustafa Z.; Yu, Chuanhua; Zafar, Shamsa; Zaidi, Zoubida; Zaman, Sojib Bin; Zamani, Mohammad; Zhao, Yong; Zodpey, Sanjay; Hay, Simon I.; Lopez, Alan D.; Mokdad, Ali H. & Vos, Theo (2020). Burden of injury along the development spectrum: associations between the Socio-demographic Index and disability-adjusted life year estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Injury Prevention.  ISSN 1353-8047.  s 1- 15 . doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043296 Vis sammendrag

  Background The epidemiological transition of non-communicable diseases replacing infectious diseases as the main contributors to disease burden has been well documented in global health literature. Less focus, however, has been given to the relationship between sociodemographic changes and injury. The aim of this study was to examine the association between disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from injury for 195 countries and territories at different levels along the development spectrum between 1990 and 2017 based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 estimates. Methods Injury mortality was estimated using the GBD mortality database, corrections for garbage coding and CODEm—the cause of death ensemble modelling tool. Morbidity estimation was based on surveys and inpatient and outpatient data sets for 30 cause-of-injury with 47 nature-of-injury categories each. The Socio-demographic Index (SDI) is a composite indicator that includes lagged income per capita, average educational attainment over age 15 years and total fertility rate. Results For many causes of injury, age-standardised DALY rates declined with increasing SDI, although road injury, interpersonal violence and self-harm did not follow this pattern. Particularly for self-harm opposing patterns were observed in regions with similar SDI levels. For road injuries, this effect was less pronounced. Conclusions The overall global pattern is that of declining injury burden with increasing SDI. However, not all injuries follow this pattern, which suggests multiple underlying mechanisms influencing injury DALYs. There is a need for a detailed understanding of these patterns to help to inform national and global efforts to address injury-related health outcomes across the development spectrum.

• Ereso, Berhane Megerssa; Yimer, Solomon Abebe; Gradmann, Christoph & Sagbakken, Mette (2020). Barriers for tuberculosis case finding in Southwest Ethiopia: A qualitative study. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  15(1) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226307
• Levis, Brooke; McMillan, Dean; Sun, Ying; He, Chen; Rice, Danielle B.; Krishnan, Ankur; Wu, Yin; Azar, Marleine; Sanchez, Tatiana A.; Chiovitti, Matthew J.; Bhandari, Parash Mani; Neupane, Dipika; Saadat, Nazanin; Riehm, Kira E.; Imran, Mahrukh; Boruff, Jill T.; Cuijpers, Pim; Gilbody, Simon; Ioannidis, John P.A.; Kloda, Lorie A.; Patten, Scott B.; Shrier, Ian; Ziegelstein, Roy C.; Comeau, Liane; Mitchell, Nicholas D.; Tonelli, Marcello; Vigod, Simone N.; Aceti, Franca; Alvarado, Ruben; Alvarado-Esquivel, Cosme; Bakare, Muideen O.; Barnes, Jacqueline; Beck, Cheryl Tatano; Bindt, Carola; Boyce, Philip M.; Bunevicius, Adomas; Castro e Couto, Tiago; Chaudron, Linda H.; Correa, Humberto; de Figueiredo, Felipe Pinheiro; Eapen, Valsamma; Fernandes, Michelle; Figueiredo, Barbara; Fisher, Jane R.W.; Garcia-Esteve, Lluisa; Giardinelli, Lisa; Helle, Nadine; Howard, Louise M.; Khalifa, Dina Mohammed Sami; Kohlhoff, Jane; Kusminskas, Laima; Kozinszky, Zoltan; Lelli, Lorenzo; Leonardou, Angeliki A.; Lewis, Beth A.; Maes, Michael; Meuti, Valentina; Nakić Radoš, Sandra; Navarro García, Purificación; Nishi, Daisuke; Okitundu Luwa E-Andjafono, Daniel; Robertson-Blackmore, Emma; Rochat, Tamsen J.; Rowe, Heather J.; Siu, Bonnie W.M.; Skalkidou, Alkistis; Stein, Alan; Stewart, Robert C.; Su, Kuan-Pin; Sundström-Poromaa, Inger; Tadinac, Meri; Tandon, S. Darius; Tendais, Iva; Thiagayson, Pavaani; Töreki, Annamária; Torres-Giménez, Anna; Tran, Thach D.; Trevillion, Kylee; Turner, Katherine; Vega-Dienstmaier, Johann M.; Wynter, Karen; Yonkers, Kimberly A.; Benedetti, Andrea & Thombs, Brett D. (2019). Comparison of major depression diagnostic classification probability using the SCID, CIDI, and MINI diagnostic interviews among women in pregnancy or postpartum: An individual participant data meta-analysis. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research.  ISSN 1049-8931.  28:e1803(4), s 1- 11 . doi: 10.1002/mpr.1803
• Holst, Christine; Kajuna, Flora; Ngowi, Helena; Sukums, Felix; Radovanovic, Danica; Mansour, Wisam A.; Mwakapeje, Elibariki; Diep, Lien My; Kebede, Tewodros Aragie; Isabwe, Ghislain Maurice Norbert; Noll, Josef; Ngowi, Bernard James & Winkler, Andrea Sylvia (2019). Digital Health Information in Iringa, Tanzania: Development, Provision and Testing the Effect of Digital Health Messages to Rural Communities, In Conceição Granja & Terje Solvoll (ed.),  Proceedings of the 17th Scandinavian Conference on Health Informatics 2019.  Linköping University Electronic Press.  ISBN 978-91-7929-957-6.  chapter.  s 179 - 179
• Abu Baker Farag, Elmoubasher; Nour, Mohamed; El Idrissi, Ahmed; Berrada, Jaouad; Moustafa, Aya; Mehmood, Minahil; Mahmoud, Mahmoud H; El-Sayed, Ahmed M; Alhajri, Farhoud; Al-Hajri, Mohammed; Ahmed, Osama Ahmed Hassan; Al-Romaihi, Hamad; Al-Thani, Mohamed; Al-Marri, Salih A; Ismail, Mohamed Haroun & Koopmans, Marion PG (2019). Survey on implementation of one health approach for MERS-CoV preparedness and control in gulf cooperation council and middle east countries. Emerging Infectious Diseases.  ISSN 1080-6040.  25(3), s e1- e6 . doi: 10.3201/eid2503.171702
• Semakula, Daniel; Nsangi, Allen; Oxman, Matt; Rosenbaum, Sarah Ellen; Oxman, Andrew David; Dahlgren, Astrid; Glenton, Claire; Lewin, Simon Arnold; Kaseje, Margaret; Morelli, Angela; Fretheim, Atle & Sewankambo, Nelson Kaulukusi (2019). Development of mass media resources to improve the ability of parents of primary school children in Uganda to assess the trustworthiness of claims about the effects of treatments: a human-centred design approach. BMC Pilot and Feasibility Studies.  ISSN 2055-5784.  5:155, s 1- 17 . doi: 10.1186/s40814-019-0540-4 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Semakula, Daniel; Nsangi, Allen; Oxman, Andrew David; Glenton, Claire; Lewin, Simon Arnold; Rosenbaum, Sarah Ellen; Oxman, Matt; Kaseje, Margaret; Dahlgren, Astrid; Rose, Christopher James; Fretheim, Atle & Sewankambo, Nelson (2019). Informed Health Choices media intervention for improving people's ability to critically appraise the trustworthiness of claims about treatment effects: A mixed-methods process evaluation of a randomised trial in Uganda. BMJ Open.  ISSN 2044-6055.  9(12) . doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031510 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Eljailani Ahmed, Salma & Combs Thorsen, Viva (2019). "I feel myself incomplete, and i am inferior to people": Experiences of Sudanese women living with obstetric fistula in Khartoum, Sudan. Reproductive Health.  ISSN 1742-4755.  16(1), s 1- 11 . doi: 10.1186/s12978-019-0846-y Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Bhargava, Sameer; Hofvind, Solveig & Moen, Kåre (2019). Gender, letters, relatives, and God: mediating actors in mammographic screening among Pakistani women in Norway.. Acta radiologica open.  ISSN 2058-4601. . doi: 10.1177/2058460119875015
• Lund Håheim, Lise; Nafstad, Per; Schwarze, Per Everhard; Olsen, Ingar; Rønningen, Kjersti Skjold & Thelle, Dag Steinar (2019). Oral health and cardiovascular disease risk factors and mortality of cerebral haemorrhage, cerebral infarction and unspecified stroke in elderly men: A prospective cohort study. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health.  ISSN 1403-4948. . doi: 10.1177/1403494819879351
• Drabo, Seydou (2019). A pill in the lifeworld of women in Burkina Faso: Can misoprostol reframe the meaning of abortion. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.  ISSN 1660-4601.  16(22) . doi: 10.3390/ijerph16224425 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Wintrup, James (2019). Transcending the Ethical Dilemma of Christian Humanitarianism: American Medical Missionaries at a Hospital in Rural Zambia. Ethnos.  ISSN 0014-1844. . doi: 10.1080/00141844.2019.1696856
• Solbakken, Siri Marie; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Meyer, Haakon E; Dahl, Cecilie; Stigum, Hein; Søgaard, Anne-Johanne; Holvik, Kristin; Tell, Grethe S.; Emaus, Nina; Forsmo, Siri; Gjesdal, Clara Gram; Schei, Berit; Vestergaard, Peter & Omsland, Tone Kristin (2019). Urban–Rural Differences in Hip Fracture Mortality: A Nationwide NOREPOS Study. JBMR Plus.  ISSN 2473-4039.  3(11) . doi: 10.1002/jbm4.10236 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Haave, Per (2019). The winding road of the Norwegian ‘Welfare State’, In Nils Edling (ed.),  The changing meanings of the welfare state : histories of a key concept in the Nordic countries.  Berghahn Books.  ISBN 978-1-78920-124-6.  Kapittel 4.  s 179 - 224
• Bixby, Honor; Bentham, James; Zhou, Bin; Di Cesare, Mariachiara; Paciorek, Christopher J.; Bennett, James E.; Taddei, Cristina; Stevens, Gretchen A.; Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea; Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M.; Andersen, Lars Bo; Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred; Ekelund, Ulf; Kolle, Elin; Steene-Johannessen, Jostein; Tarp, Jakob; Ariansen, Inger; Biehl, Anna Månsson; Graff-Iversen, Sidsel; Meisfjord, Jørgen Rajan; Bjertness, Espen; Bjertness, Marius Bergsmark; Meyer, Haakon E; Haugsgjerd, Teresa Risan; Tell, Grethe S.; Janszky, Imre; Krokstad, Steinar; Laugsand, Lars Erik; Sen, Abhijit; Vatten, Lars Johan; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.; Wilsgaard, Tom; Khang, Young-Ho; Soric, Maroje; Gregg, Edward W.; Miranda, J. Jaime; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Savin, Stefan; Sophiea, Marisa K.; Iurilli, Maria L. C.; Solomon, Bethlehem D.; Cowan, Melanie J.; Riley, Leanne M.; Danaei, Goodarz; Bovet, Pascal; Chirita-Emandi, Adela; Hambleton, Ian R; Hayes, Alison J; Ikeda, Nayu; Kengne, Andre P & Laxmaiah, Avula (2019). Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults. Nature.  ISSN 0028-0836.  569, s 260- 264 . doi: 10.1038s41586-019-1171-x Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Alam, Mahbub-Ul; Rahman, Mahbubur; Masud, Abdullah-Al-; Islam, Mohammad Aminul; Asaduzzaman, Muhammad; Sarker, Supta; Rousham, Emily K & Unicomb, Leanne (2019). Human exposure to antimicrobial resistance from poultry production: Assessing hygiene and waste-disposal practices in Bangladesh. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health.  ISSN 1438-4639.  222(8), s 1068- 1076 . doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.07.007 Vis sammendrag

  The unregulated use of antibiotics is linked with intensive poultry farming in developing economies. In low-and middle-income countries, the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has also been attributed to contamination, poor public health infrastructure and inadequate waste disposal practices. There are limited data on hygiene and waste disposal practices in small-scale commercial and household poultry farming and market sales in Bangladesh. Our objective was to explore human exposures, hygiene and waste disposal practices in poultry raising and processing to identify probable pathways for transmission of AMR bacteria.

• Asaduzzaman, Muhammad; Muhammed, Iqbal Hossain; Saha, Sumita Rani; Islam, Rayhanu; Ahmed, Niyaz & Islam, Mohammad Aminul (2019). Quantification of Airborne Resistant Organisms With Temporal and Spatial Diversity in Bangladesh: Protocol for a Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Research Protocols.  ISSN 1929-0748.  8(12) . doi: 10.2196/14574 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Background Antimicrobial resistance is a widespread, alarming issue in global health and a significant contributor to human death and illness, especially in low and middle-income countries like Bangladesh. Despite extensive work conducted in environmental settings, there is a scarcity of knowledge about the presence of resistant organisms in the air. Objective The objective of this protocol is to quantify and characterize the airborne resistomes in Bangladesh, which will be a guide to identify high-risk environments for multidrug-resistant pathogens with their spatiotemporal diversity. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with an environmental, systematic, and grid sampling strategy focused on collecting air samples from different outdoor environments during the dry and wet seasons. The four environmental compartments are the frequent human exposure sites in both urban and rural settings: urban residential areas (n=20), live bird markets (n=20), rural households (n=20), and poultry farms (n=20). We obtained air samples from 80 locations in two seasons by using an active microbial air sampler. From each location, five air samples were collected in different media to yield the total bacterial count of 3rd generation cephalosporin (3GC) resistant Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, vancomycin-resistant Enterococci and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Results The study started in January 2018, and the collection of air samples was completed in November 2018. We have received 800 air samples from 80 study locations in both dry and wet seasons. Currently, the laboratory analysis is ongoing, and we expect to receive the preliminary results by October 2019. We will publish the complete result as soon as we clean and analyze the data and draft the manuscript. Conclusions The existence of resistant bacteria in the air like those producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus will justify our hypothesis that the outdoor environment (air) in Bangladesh acts as a reservoir for bacteria that carry genes conferring resistance to antibiotics. To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the presence of superbugs in the air in commonly exposed areas in Bangladesh. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/14574 Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, airborne resistomes, air quality, global health, planetary health, environmental risk assessment

• Kjøllesdal, Marte Karoline Råberg; Jenum, Anne Karen; Næss, Øyvind & Sletner, Line (2019). The association between birthweight and grandparental type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in a multiethnic population. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease.  ISSN 2040-1744. . doi: 10.1017/S2040174419000758
• Borgen, Tove Tveitan; Bjørnerem, Åshild; Solberg, Lene Bergendal; Andreasen, Camilla; Brunborg, Cathrine; Stenbro, May-Britt; Hübschle, Lars Michael; Figved, Wender; Apalset, Ellen Margrete; Gjertsen, Jan Erik; Basso, Trude; Lund, Ida; Hansen, Ann Kristin; Stutzer, Jens-Meinhard; Dahl, Cecilie; Nordsletten, Lars; Frihagen, Frede Jon & Eriksen, Erik Fink (2019). Determinants of trabecular bone score and prevalent vertebral fractures in women with fragility fractures: a cross-sectional sub-study of NoFRACT. Osteoporosis International.  ISSN 0937-941X.  31, s 505- 514 . doi: 10.1007/s00198-019-05215-z Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Tønne, Brita & Lie, Anne Helene Kveim (2019). Fra sykdom til kriminalitet - Endringer i synet på rusavhengighet. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  139(15) . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0098
• Kjøllesdal, Marte Karoline Råberg; Ariansen, Inger & Næss, Øyvind (2019). Early adulthood weight, subsequent midlife weight change and risk of cardiovascular disease mortality: an analysis of Norwegian cardiovascular surveys. International Journal of Obesity.  ISSN 0307-0565. . doi: 10.1038/s41366-019-0467-0
• Graetz, Nicholas; Woyczynski, Lauren; Wilson, Katherine F.; Hall, Jason B.; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Abd-Allah, Foad; Adebayo, Oladimeji M.; Adekanmbi, Victor; Afshari, Mahdi; Ajumobi, Olufemi; Akinyemiju, Tomi; Alahdab, Fares; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde; Alijanzadeh, Mehran; Alipour, Vahid; Altirkawi, Khalid; Amiresmaili, Mohammadreza; Anber, Nahla Hamed; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Anjomshoa, Mina; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.; Arabloo, Jalal; Aremu, Olatunde; Aryal, Krishna K.; Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran; Atique, Suleman; Ausloos, Marcel; Awasthi, Ashish; Quintani, Beatriz Paulina Ayala; Azari, Samad; Badawi, Alaa; Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn; Barnett, Anthony H; Bedi, Neeraj; Bennett, Derrick A.; Bhattacharjee, Natalia V.; Bhattacharyya, Krittika; Bhattarai, Suraj; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Bijani, Ali; Bikbov, Boris; Britton, Gabrielle; Burstein, Roy; Butt, Zahid A.; Kisa, Adnan; Øverland, Simon Nygaard; Skirbekk, Vegard Fykse & Winkler, Andrea Sylvia (2019). Mapping disparities in education across low- and middle-income countries. Nature.  ISSN 0028-0836.  577, s 235- 238 . doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1872-1 Vis sammendrag

  Educational attainment is an important social determinant of maternal, newborn, and child health. As a tool for promoting gender equity, it has gained increasing traction in popular media, international aid strategies, and global agenda-setting. The global health agenda is increasingly focused on evidence of precision public health, which illustrates the subnational distribution of disease and illness; however, an agenda focused on future equity must integrate comparable evidence on the distribution of social determinants of health. Here we expand on the available precision SDG evidence by estimating the subnational distribution of educational attainment, including the proportions of individuals who have completed key levels of schooling, across all low- and middle-income countries from 2000 to 2017. Previous analyses have focused on geographical disparities in average attainment across Africa or for specific countries, but-to our knowledge-no analysis has examined the subnational proportions of individuals who completed specific levels of education across all low- and middle-income countries. By geolocating subnational data for more than 184 million person-years across 528 data sources, we precisely identify inequalities across geography as well as within populations.

• Tellnes, Gunnar; Batt-Rawden, Kari Bjerke & Christie, Werner H (2019). PUBLIC MENTAL HEALTH PROMOTION, EPIGENETICS AND NACUHEAL - ACTIVITIES. Herald of the International Academy of Science. Russian Section.  ISSN 1819-5733.  (1), s 66- 73 Vis sammendrag

  Public Mental Health Promotion in the Light of new Epigenetic Research, Environment and Lifestyle may have impact on our genes both today and in the future. Resent epigenetic research indicate that our genes may turn on and off as consequence of the way we are living. Health Promotion and salutogenesis therefore may have a positive impact on our genes. Nature-Culture-Health – activities (NaCuHeal) are methods that may be useful to prevent both mental and somatic health problems in the future. This paper explains through research and practical examples how and why health promoting nature and culture activities can improve the mental and physical health of the general public.

• Kvammen, Ole Christian & Tellnes, Gunnar (2019). Muskel- og skjelettplager og uførhet - Kan helsefremmende tilbud styrke arbeidsevnen?, I: Gunnar Tellnes (red.),  NaKuHel og folkehelse som bærekraft: Samspillet Natur-Kultur-Helse sett i lys av FNs bærekraftmål.  Det norske medicinske Selskab.  ISBN 978-82-92871-81-2.  20.Kap..  s 131 - 143 Vis sammendrag

  Muskel- og skjelettplager koster det norske samfunn nesten 200 mrd. i året. Slike plager er en stor utfordring for politikere, NAV, helsepersonell og i hverdagen for disse pasientene. Det er vanskelig å forestille seg hvordan man i Norge kan oppfylle FNs bærekraftmål om «God helse» og «Anstendig arbeid og økonomisk vekst» uten at man finner bedre løsninger og møter problemstillingen på en ny måte. Det ser ikke ut til at det tradisjonelle helsetilbudet fra ulike helseaktører eller helseforetakene i vesentlig grad kan redusere forekomsten av slike plager. Derimot kan ulike tiltak etter salutogene prinsipper kanskje bidra til en god løsning? NaKuHel i Asker tilbyr en helsefremmende arena som styrker arbeidsevnen for deltakerne.

• Bhowmik, Bishwajit; Siddique, Tasnima; Majumder, Anindita; Mdala, Ibrahimu; Hossain, Israt Ara; Hassan, Zahid; Jahan, Ishrat; Do Vale Moreira, Nayla Cristina; Alim, Abdul; Basit, Abdul; Hitman, Graham A.; Khan, Abdul Kalam Azad & Akhtar, Hussain (2019). Maternal BMI and nutritional status in early pregnancy and its impact on neonatal outcomes at birth in Bangladesh. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.  ISSN 1471-2393.  19:413, s 1- 14 . doi: 10.1186/s12884-019-2571-5 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Mmbaga, Elia John; Leyna, Germana Henry; Leshabari, Melkizedeck T. & Moen, Kåre (2019). Early Anal Sex Experience Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Dar Es Salaam Tanzania: Implications for HIV Prevention and Care. Archives of Sexual Behavior.  ISSN 0004-0002. . doi: 10.1007/s10508-019-01529-5 Vis sammendrag

  Early age at first sex experience has been attributed to medical and psychological consequences, including practice of risk behaviors and HIV infection later in life. Studies have examined early heterosexual experience, but little is known about early anal sexual experience among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Africa. We conducted a time to event analysis to examine the extent and role of early anal sexual experience and HIV risk and infection in the largest MSM survey in Africa. A total of 753 MSM with a mean age of 26.5 years and that at first anal sexual experience of 18.3 years participated. Of those who participated, 29.0% (219/753) had their first anal sexual experience at age below 15. MSM reporting early anal sexual experience were young, had men as first sexual partner (adjusted hazard ratio—AHR, 4.75; 95%CI: 3.51–6.43), assumed receptive position during last anal sex (AHR, 3.25; 95%CI: 2.42–4.35), had anal sex as first penetrative sexual experience (AHR, 5.05, 95%CI; 3.68–6.97), had unprotected first anal sex (AHR, 1.55, 95%CI: 1.03–2.33), not preferring women for sex (AHR, 2.78; 95%CI: 2.11–3.67), had non-consensual first sex (AHR, 1.53, 95%CI: 1.10–9.41), and HIV positive (AHR, 1.75; 95%CI: 1.21–2.50). A third of MSM engaged in anal sex at an early age and were more likely to report sexual abuse, practice HIV risk behaviors, and been HIV seropositive. Roll-out of the existing Comprehensive Guideline for HIV Treatment and Care for key population in Tanzania should be implemented alongside measures addressing sexual abuse among young people.

• Beghi, Ettore; Giussani, Giorgia; Nichols, Emma; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abdela, Jemal; Abdelalim, Ahmed; Kisa, Adnan & Winkler, Andrea Sylvia (2019). Global, regional, and national burden of epilepsy, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.. Lancet Neurology.  ISSN 1474-4422. . doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30454-X
• Do Vale Moreira, Nayla Cristina; Montenegro, Renan Magalhaes; Meyer, Haakon E; Bhowmik, Bishwajit; Mdala, Ibrahimu; Siddiquee, Tasnima; Fernandes, Virginia Oliveira & Hussain, Akhtar (2019). Glycated hemoglobin in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in a Semi-Urban Brazilian population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.  ISSN 1660-4601.  16(19) . doi: 10.3390/ijerph16193598 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Engeland, Jeanette; Strand, Bjørn Heine; Innstrand, Siw Tone & Langballe, Ellen Melbye (2019). Employment and attendance in day care centres for people with mild intellectual disabilities – do age, gender, functional level or hospital admissions matter?. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research.  ISSN 0964-2633.  s 1- 12 . doi: 10.1111/jir.12709 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Hagen, Gunhild; Magnussen, Jon; Tell, Grethe Seppola & Omsland, Tone Kristin (2019). Estimating the future burden of hip fractures in Norway. A NOREPOS study.. Bone.  ISSN 8756-3282. . doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115156 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Mutanga, Oliver & Moen, Kåre (2019). The push of stigma: a qualitative study on the experiences and consequences of sexuality stigma among same-sex attracted men in Harare, Zimbabwe. Culture, Health and Sexuality.  ISSN 1369-1058. . doi: 10.1080/13691058.2019.1674920 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Hoff, Mari; Skovlund, Eva; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Meyer, Haakon E; Langhammer, Arnulf; Søgaard, Anne-Johanne; Syversen, Unni; Forsmo, Siri; Abrahamsen, Bo & Schei, Berit (2019). Proton pump inhibitors and fracture risk. The HUNT study, Norway.. Osteoporosis International.  ISSN 0937-941X.  31, s 109- 118 . doi: 10.1007/s00198-019-05206-0 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.

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• Ellingsæter, Anne Lise; Hatland, Aksel; Haave, Per & Stjernø, Steinar (2020). Den nye velferdsstatens historie : ekspansjon og omdanning etter 1966. Gyldendal Akademisk.  ISBN 9788205498693.  440 s.
• Gopinathan, Unni; Peacocke, Elizabeth Fleur; Gouglas, Dimitrios; Ottersen, Trygve & Røttingen, John Arne (2020). R&D for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Epidemic Potential: Sharing Risks and Benefits Through a New Coalition. Springer Nature.  ISBN 978-3-030-39819-4.  28 s.
• Jean-Paul, Gaudilliére; Beaudevin, Claire; Gradmann, Christoph; Lovell, Anne L. & Pordie, Laurent (ed.) (2020). Global health and the new world order: Historical and anthropological approaches to a changing regime of governance. Manchester University Press.  ISBN 9781526149671.  248 s.
• Prince, Ruth Jane (2019). Pandemic Publics: How Epidemics Transform Social and Political Collectives of Health, in "The Anthrpology of Epidemics", edited by by Ann H. Kelly, Frédéric Keck & Christos Lynteris.. Routledge.  ISBN 9781138616677.  182 s.

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• Gradmann, Christoph (2020). Die Utopie der seuchenfreien Welt. NZZ Geschichte.  29, s 28- 43
• Holst, Christine; Sukums, Felix; Radovanović, Danica; Ngowi, Bernard James; Noll, Josef & Winkler, Andrea Sylvia (2020). Sub-Saharan Africa—the new breeding ground for global digital health. The Lancet Digital Health.  ISSN 2589-7500.  2(4) . doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30027-3
• Ellingsæter, Anne Lise; Hatland, Aksel; Haave, Per & Stjernø, Steinar (2020). Motsetningenes forening. Klassekampen.  ISSN 0805-3839.  s 14- 15
• Gaudilliére, Jean-Paul & Gradmann, Christoph (2020). Inade­quate, yet Indis­pensable: The WHO and the History of Global Health. Geschichte der Gegenwart.
• Slagstad, Ketil (2020). Å telle for livet. Morgenbladet.  ISSN 0805-3847.
• Slagstad, Ketil (2020). Medisin er politikk. Morgenbladet.  ISSN 0805-3847.
• Slagstad, Ketil (2020). Mikrobenes makt over menneskene?. Morgenbladet.  ISSN 0805-3847.  201(12), s 42- 43
• Larsen, Øivind (2020). Bygger vi for en "psykt bra by"?. Journalen.  (1), s 14- 15
• Larsen, Øivind (2020). Oslo - en "psykt bra by"?. Michael.  ISSN 1893-9651.  17(2), s 536 Vis sammendrag

  Kort kommentar til Oslo kommunes strategi "En psykt bra by" om psykisk helse m.v.

• Larsen, Øivind (2020). Oslo - og byens helse. Michael.  ISSN 1893-9651.  17(2), s 447- 452 Vis sammendrag

  Leder i et temahefte "Oslo - og byens helse" med artikler som beskriver og drøfter storbyhelse, av Per Halvor Vale, Gunnar Ridderström & Hanne Marie Sønstegaard, Arild Aambø og Anders Smith & Harald Siem.

• Gradmann, Christoph (2020). Big-game hunting in the history of epidemics. Lancet. Infectious Diseases (Print).  ISSN 1473-3099.  20(3), s 298- 298 . doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30081-5
• Haave, Per (2020). Hesteforbud skulle stanse "taterplagen". Aftenposten Historie.  ISSN 1894-5775.  (2), s 94- 95
• Lie, Anne Helene Kveim (2019). När kroppen slöt sig och blev fast - avhandlingsrecension Annelie Drakman. Lychnos.  ISSN 0076-1648.  s 259- 256
• Haave, Per (2019). Spesialistutdanningen 100 år.
• Haave, Per (2019). Behandling ut fra samtidens beste kunnskap – eller på tvers av motstemmer? Eksempelet insulinsjokk.
• Haave, Per (2019). Spesialistutdanningen 100 år.
• Slagstad, Ketil (2019). Genetisk kreftscreening kan slå uheldig ut. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  139(13) . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0476
• Slagstad, Ketil (2019). Fra ett til to barn i Kina. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  139(15) . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0562
• Slagstad, Ketil & Pahle, Andreas Saxlund (2019). Medisinen som marked. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.
• Slagstad, Ketil (2019). Kognitive funksjoner svekkes ikke etter kirurgiske inngrep. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  139(14) . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0512
• Chol, Ri Hak; Madar, Ahmed Ali; Slettedal, J.K; Bjertness, Kjersti B.; Sundby, Johanne & Bjertness, Espen (2019). Drivers of health transition in the DPRK. The Lancet Planetary Health.  ISSN 2542-5196.  3(3), s 118- 119 . doi: 10.1016/S2542-5196(19)30013-0.
• Knauss, Samuel; Stelzle, Dominik; Emmrich, Julius; Korsnes, Maria Stylianou; Sejvar, James & Winkler, Andrea Sylvia (2019). An emphasis on neurology in low and middle-income countries. Lancet Neurology.  ISSN 1474-4422.  18(12), s 1078- 1079 . doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30392-8
• Winkler, Andrea Sylvia (2019). The growing burden of neurological disorders in low-income and middle-income countries: priorities for policy making. Lancet Neurology.  ISSN 1474-4422. . doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30476-4
• Lie, Anne Helene Kveim (2019). Med forebygging på dagsorden - vaksine og barnehelse på 1900-tallet.
• Lie, Anne Helene Kveim (2019). Å være menneske og lege. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  139(16) . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0358
• Slagstad, Ketil (2019). Store svakheter i kreftstudier med nye legemidler. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  139(17) . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0681
• Slagstad, Ketil (2019). Nye legemidler er ofte ikke bedre. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  139(13) . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0477
• Hauger, Annette Vogt; Strand, Bjørn Heine; Emaus, Nina; Bergland, Astrid & Holvik, Kristin (2019). Midlife bone mineral density change in the distal forearm and subsequent mortality.
• Storeng, Katerini Tagmatarchi; Roalkvam, Sidsel & Asaduzzaman, Muhammad (2019). Action to protect the independence and integrity of global health research. BMJ Global Health.  ISSN 2059-7908.  4 . doi: 10.1136/ bmjgh-2019-001746 Vis sammendrag

  The tensions between research ethics and the wider politics of the global health field are increasingly recognised. However, the repercussions of these tensions for individuals and research institutions need careful consideration. While ‘rocking the boat’ is uncomfortable and may threaten individual career progression and research institutions’ external income, biased evidence can harm health programme beneficiaries and public trust in research. There are certainly no simple, fail-safe, technocratic quick fixes to resolving issues of power and politics, but the ideas proposed here should at least create better relationships between the institutions involved in commissioning, undertaking and publishing research, and feed into more sophisticated and thoughtful mechanisms of accountability, which do not simply re-enforce existing frameworks that favour accountability towards donors. The ideas we propose should be considered within broader discussions on how to address north–south power imbalances within the research community, and will hopefully catalyse wider action on protecting the independence of public universities and other research institutions globally. We believe this is necessary to enable researchers to hold power to account and advance informed and healthy debate on issues of public interest.

• Asaduzzaman, Muhammad (2019). Antimicrobial Resistance – The value of Global One Health Studies.
• Kvammen, Ole Christian & Tellnes, Gunnar (2019). Hva er FNs bærekraftsmål, I: Gunnar Tellnes (red.),  NaKuHel og folkehelse som bærekraft: Samspillet Natur-Kultur-Helse sett i lys av FNs bærekraftmål.  Det norske medicinske Selskab.  ISBN 978-82-92871-81-2.  1. Kap..  s 11 - 15 Vis sammendrag

  FNs bærekraftsmål er tenkt å reflektere de tre elementene i bærekraftig utvikling: klima og miljø, økonomi og sosiale forhold. Bærekraftig utvikling handler særlig om å ta vare på det enkelte menneske, samfunnet og miljøet på en måte som ikke er skadelig eller nedbrytende, men som tvert imot er mer stimulerende, livgivende og utviklende. Målene og delmålene har blitt til i en demokratisk prosess etter innspill fra enkeltmennesker og ulike land over hele verden. Konkret er det en arbeidsplan som er utformet gjennom 17 hovedmål og 169 delmål med ønske om å utrydde fattigdom, bekjempe ulikhet og stoppe klimaendringene innen 2030.

• Tellnes, Gunnar (2019). Kan NaKuHel bidra til økt bærekraft?, I: Gunnar Tellnes (red.),  NaKuHel og folkehelse som bærekraft: Samspillet Natur-Kultur-Helse sett i lys av FNs bærekraftmål.  Det norske medicinske Selskab.  ISBN 978-82-92871-81-2.  Forord.  s 7 - 10

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