Siste publikasjoner - Avdeling for Samfunnsmedisin og global helse

• Prince, Ruth Jane & Neumark, Tom (2022). Curious Utopias: Dreaming Big Again in the Twenty-first Century? Social Anthropology. ISSN 0964-0282. 30(2), s. 1–15. doi: 10.3167/saas.2022.300202.
• Ystrøm, Eivind; Degerud, Eirik Magnus Meek; Tesli, Martin Steen; Høye, Anne; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Næss, Øyvind Erik (2022). Alcohol consumption and lower risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: the impact of accounting for familial factors in twins. Psychological Medicine. ISSN 0033-2917. doi: 10.1017/S0033291722000812.
• Asaduzzaman, Muhammad; Rødland, Ernst Kristian; Mekonnen, Zeleke; Gradmann, Christoph & Winkler, Andrea Sylvia (2022). Understanding transmission pathways and integrated digital surveillance potential of antimicrobial resistance in Ethiopia in a One Health approach: a mixed-method study protocol. BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. 12. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051022. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has a critical global impact, mostly affecting low- and middle-income countries. A major knowledge gap exists in understanding the transmission pathway of the gut colonisation with AMR bacteria between healthy humans and their animals in addition to the presence of those AMR bacteria in the surrounding environment. A One Health (OH) approach is necessary to address this multisectoral problem. Methods and analysis This cross-sectional, mixed-method OH study design will use both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. Quantitative methods will be carried out to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria and vancomycin-resistant enterococci in humans, animals (cattle) and the environment. The focus will be on cattle rearing as an exposure risk for AMR among humans. The assessment of AMR in the population of Jimma, Ethiopia with or without exposure to cattle will reinforce the importance of OH research to identify the impending exchange of resistance profile between humans and animals as well as its ultimate dissemination in the surrounding environment. The targeted semistructured key stakeholder interviews will aid to strengthen the OH-AMR surveillance in Ethiopia by understanding the acceptability of an integrated AMR surveillance platform based on the District Health Information Software-2 and the feasibility of its context-specific establishment. Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by the Regional Ethics Committee, Norway, and the Institutional Review Board of Jimma University, Ethiopia. The study’s data will be stored on a secure server known as Services for Sensitive Data hosted by the University of Oslo. In addition, the new European Union Global Data Protection Guidelines for data sharing, storage and protection will be followed. We will publish the results in peer-reviewed journals and present the findings at national and international conferences.

• Carpio-Arias, Tannia Valeria; Piedra-Andrade, Jefferson Santiago; Nicolalde-Cifuentes, Tomás Marcelo; Padilla-Samaniego, María Victoria; Tapia-Veloz, Estephany Carolina & Vinueza-Veloz, María Fernanda (2022). Mobility restrictions and mental health among young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador. GACETA SANITARIA JOURNAL. ISSN 0213-9111. doi: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.12.008.
• Enroth, Linda; Jasilionis, Domantas; Nemeth, Laszlo; Strand, Bjørn Heine; Tanjung, Insani & Sundberg, Louise [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Changes in socioeconomic differentials in old age life expectancy in four Nordic countries: the impact of educational expansion and education-specific mortality. European Journal of Ageing. ISSN 1613-9372. 19(2), s. 161–173. doi: 10.1007/s10433-022-00698-y.
• Lie, Anne Helene Kveim; Hansen, Helena; Herzberg, David; Mold, Alex; Jauffret-Roustide, Marie & Dussauge, Isabelle [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). The Harms of Constructing Addiction as a Chronic, Relapsing Brain Disease. American Journal of Public Health. ISSN 0090-0036. 112, s. 104–108. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2021.306645. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mahmood Beg, Bilal; Hussain, Tariq; Ahmad, Mehmood; Areej, Sadaf; Majeed, Arfa & Rasheed, Muhammad Adil [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Perceived risk and perceptions of COVID-19 vaccine: A survey among general public in Pakistan. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 17(3). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266028.
• Klepaker, Geir; Henneberger, Paul Keefer; Torén, Kjell; Brunborg, Cathrine; Kongerud, Johny & Fell, Anne Kristin M. (2022). Association of respiratory symptoms with body mass index and occupational exposure comparing sexes and subjects with and without asthma: follow-up of a Norwegian population study (the Telemark study). BMJ Open Respiratory Research. ISSN 2052-4439. 9(1), s. 1–10. doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2021-001186. Vis sammendrag

  Background: Occupational exposure and increased body mass index (BMI) are associated with respiratory symptoms. This study investigated whether the association of a respiratory burden score with changes in BMI as well as changes in occupational exposure to vapours, gas, dust and fumes (VGDF) varied in subjects with and without asthma and in both sexes over a 5-year period. Methods: In a 5-year follow-up of a population-based study, 6350 subjects completed a postal questionnaire in 2013 and 2018. A respiratory burden score based on self-reported respiratory symptoms, BMI and frequency of occupational exposure to VGDF were calculated at both times. The association between change in respiratory burden score and change in BMI or VGDF exposure was assessed using stratified regression models. Results: Changes in respiratory burden score and BMI were associated with a β-coefficient of 0.05 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.07). This association did not vary significantly by sex, with 0.05 (0.03 to 0.07) for women and 0.06 (0.04 to 0.09) for men. The association was stronger among those with asthma (0.12; 0.06 to 0.18) compared with those without asthma (0.05; 0.03 to 0.06) (p=0.011). The association of change in respiratory burden score with change in VGDF exposure gave a β-coefficient of 0.15 (0.05 to 0.19). This association was somewhat greater for men versus women, with coefficients of 0.18 (0.12 to 0.24) and 0.13 (0.07 to 0.19), respectively (p=0.064). The estimate was similar among subjects with asthma (0.18; -0.02 to 0.38) and those without asthma (0.15; 0.11 to 0.19). Conclusions: Increased BMI and exposure to VGDF were associated with increased respiratory burden scores. The change due to increased BMI was not affected by sex, but subjects with asthma had a significantly larger change than those without. Increased frequency of VGDF exposure was associated with increased respiratory burden score but without statistically significant differences with respect to sex or asthma status.

• Katenga-Kaunda,, Lillian; Iversen, Per Ole; Kamudoni, Penjani Rhoda; Holmboe-Ottesen, Gerd & Fjeld, Heidi E (2022). Food-based nutrition counselling and education intervention for improved diets of pregnant women in rural Malawi: A qualitative study of factors influencing dietary behaviour change. Public Health Nutrition. ISSN 1368-9800. doi: 10.1017/S1368980022000593. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rui, Francesca; Otelea, Marina; Fell, Anne Kristin M.; Stoleski, Sasho; Mijakoski, D. & Holm, Mathias [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Occupational Asthma: The Knowledge Needs for a Better Management. Annals of Work Exposures and Health. ISSN 2398-7308. 66(3), s. 287–290. doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxab113.
• Asaduzzaman, Muhammad; Rousham, Emily Kate; Unicomb, Leanne; Islam, Md. Rayhanul; Amin, Mohammed Badrul & Rahman, Mahdia [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Spatiotemporal distribution of antimicrobial resistant organisms in different water environments in urban and rural settings of Bangladesh. Science of the Total Environment. ISSN 0048-9697. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154890. Vis sammendrag

  The spatial distribution of clinically important antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and associated genes is important to identify environmental distribution of contamination and ‘hotspots’ of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We conducted an integrated survey of AMR in drinking water, wastewater and surface water (rivers and ponds) in three settings in Bangladesh: rural households, rural poultry farms, and urban food markets. Spatial mapping was conducted via geographic information system (GIS) using ArcGIS software. Samples (n = 397) were analyzed for the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec), carbapenem-resistant E. coli (CR-Ec) and resistance genes (blaCTX-M-1, blaNDM-1). In rural households, 5% of drinking water supply samples tested positive for ESBL-Ec, and a high proportion of wastewater, pond and river water samples were positive for ESBL-Ec (90%, 76%, and 85%, respectively). In poultry farms, 10% of drinking water samples tested positive for ESBL-Ec compared to a high prevalence in wastewater, pond and river water (90%, 68%, and 85%, respectively). CR-Ec prevalence in household wastewater and pond water was relatively low (8% and 5%, respectively) compared to river water (33%). In urban areas, 38% of drinking water samples and 98% of wastewater samples from markets tested positive for ESBL-Ec while 30% of wastewater samples tested positive for CR-Ec. Wastewaters had the highest concentrations of ESBL-Ec, CR-Ec, blaCTXM-1 and blaNDM-1 and these were significantly higher in urban compared to rural samples (p < 0.05). ESBL-Ec is ubiquitous in drinking water, wastewater and surface water bodies in both rural and urban areas of Bangladesh. CR-Ec is less widespread but found at a high prevalence in wastewater discharged from urban food markets and in rural river samples. Surveillance and monitoring of antibiotic resistant organisms and genes in waterbodies is an important first step in addressing environmental dimensions of AMR.

• Clarhed, Ulrika K. E.; Schiöler, Linus; Torén, Kjell; Fell, Anne Kristin M. & Hellgren, Johan (2022). BMI as a risk factor for the development of chronic rhinosinusitis: a prospective population-based study. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. ISSN 0937-4477. doi: 10.1007/s00405-022-07320-y.
• Nakken, Ola; Holmøy, Trygve; Stigum, Hein; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Dahl, Jesper & Heldal, Einar [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Strong tuberculin response after BCG vaccination is associated with low multiple sclerosis risk: a population-based cohort study. International Journal of Epidemiology. ISSN 0300-5771. s. 1–8. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyac039. Vis sammendrag

  Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by inflammatory lesions in the central nervous system involving pro-inflammatory T-cells. Immune dysregulation is well described in prevalent disease, but it is not known whether this precedes disease development. Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccination ameliorates MS-like disease in mice. In people vaccinated with BCG, the tuberculin skin test (TST) offers a standardized measure of a T-cell-mediated immune response. We therefore hypothesized that the strength of the TST response after BCG vaccination is associated with subsequent MS risk. Methods: Using data from a Norwegian tuberculosis screening programme (1963–1975), we designed a population-based cohort study and related the size of TST reactions in individuals previously vaccinated with BCG to later MS disease identified through the Norwegian MS registry. We fitted Cox proportional hazard models and flexible parametric survival models to investigate the association between TST reactivity, MS risk and its temporal relationship. Results: Among 279 891 participants (52% females), 679 (69% females) later developed MS. Larger TST reactivity was associated with decreased MS risk. The hazard ratio for MS per every 4-mm increase in skin induration size was 0.86 (95% confidence interval 0.76–0.96) and similar between sexes. The strength of the association persisted for >30 years after the TST. Conclusion: A strong in vivo vaccine response to BCG is associated with reduced MS risk >30 years later. The immunological mechanisms determining TST reactivity suggest that skewed T-cell-mediated immunity precedes MS onset by many decades.

• Jordheim, Helge; Op de Beke, Laura; Bjordal, Sine Halkjelsvik; Zuiderveen Borgesius, Leonoor; Brenna, Brita & Flatø, Emil Henrik [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Fossilization, or the matter of historical futures . History and Theory. ISSN 0018-2656. 61(1), s. 4–26. doi: 10.1111/hith.12250. Vis sammendrag

  In this contribution to the “Historical Futures” project, the Lifetimes Research Collective adds to the geological turn currently underway in historiography by presenting a theory of fossils and fossilizations as a way of rethinking the concept of “historical futures.” We proceed by addressing two pivotal speech acts in Western historiography, in the broad sense: the “fossil question,” which was first raised in the middle of the seventeenth century, about how a solid can end up inside another solid and the nineteenth-century Marxist slogan for the modern world, “all that is solid melts into air.” Transported into the early twenty-first century and faced with the challenges of the Anthropocene, both take on new meanings and perform new tasks. In this article, we experiment with different ways of thinking and writing fossils into more general questions of historiography and historical theory by investigating how they affect conceptualizations of historical time. Furthermore, we demonstrate how fossilizations indicate possible trajectories for new materialist speculations, distributing agency to various matters, physical and virtual, in the Earth's crust as well as in museums and video games. Finally, we ask how a theory of fossilization can be seen to decenter the human subject by exploring the processes of decomposition and solidification taking place in the human body. In this way, the arrangements of timescales and lifescales that have given rise to disciplines like history, geology, and biology are destabilized in favor of open-ended historical knowledge ventures that transgress temporal and epistemological borders.

• Seralegne, Yemisrach Zewdie; Wangamati, Cynthia Khamala; Bernabe, Rosemarie de la Cruz; Farsides, Bobbie; Aseffa, Abraham & Zewdie, Martha (2022). Composition and capacity of Institutional Review Boards, andchallenges experienced by members in ethics reviewprocesses in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: An exploratory qualitative study. Developing World Bioethics. ISSN 1471-8731. s. 1–9. doi: 10.1111/dewb.12348.
• Engen, Tone; Owe, Katrine Marie; Horn, Julie; Sulo, Gerhard; Næss, Øyvind Erik & Juliusson, Pétur Benedikt [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Preconception leisure-time physical activity and family history of stroke and myocardial infarction associate with preterm delivery: findings from a Norwegian cohort. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. ISSN 1471-2393. 22. doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-04528-y.
• Likindikoki, Samuel; Meyrowitsch, Dan Wolf; Mizinduko, Mucho; Ishungisa, Alexander Mwijage; Tersbøl, Britt & Leyna, Germana Henry [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Socio-cognitive factors influencing access to HIV prevention services among people who inject drugs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: An integrated bio-behavioural survey. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 17(1). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261500. Vis sammendrag

  Introduction: People who inject drugs (PWID) in Sub-Saharan Africa have limited access to comprehensive HIV services. While it is important to inform programming, knowledge about factors influencing access to comprehensive HIV services is scarce. We assessed the proportions of PWID with access to HIV prevention services and associated socio-cognitive factors in Tanzania. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among PWID between October and December 2017 in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Data on access to HIV prevention services, demographics and selected socio-cognitive factors were collected through structured face-to-face interviews. Weighted descriptive and forward selection multivariable logistics regression analyses were done to assess independent associations between HIV prevention services and predictors of interest. The results were two tailed and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study included 611 PWID (males: 94.4%) with a median age of 34 years (Interquartile Range (IQR), 29-38). A large majority of participants reported to have access to condoms (87.8%), sterile needles/syringes (72.8%) and ever tested for HIV (66.0%). About half (52.0%) reported to have used condoms in the past one month and about a third (28.5%) accessed a peer educator. The odds of testing for HIV decreased among participants who perceived their HIV risk to be high (aOR = 0.29; 95%CI: 0.17-0.49) and those experienced sexual violence (aOR = 0.60; 95%CI 0.37-0.98). However, the odds of testing for HIV increased among participants with secondary level of education (aOR = 2.16; 95%CI: 1.06-5.55), and those who reported having correct comprehensive HIV knowledge (CCHK) (aOR = 1.63; 95%CI 1.12-2.41). The odds of access to condoms increased among females (aOR = 2.23; 95%CI: 1.04-5.02) but decreased among participants with secondary level of education (aOR = 0.41; 95%CI: 0.19-0.84), an income of >TZS 200,000 (aOR = 0.39; 95%CI: 0.23-0.66) and those who perceived their HIV risk to be high (aOR = 0.13; 95%CI: 0.03-0.36). The odds of access to peer educators was higher among participants with primary (aOR = 1.61; 95%CI: 1.01-2.26), and secondary (aOR = 2.71; 95%CI: 1.39-5.33) levels of education. The odds of access to sterile needle and syringe decreased among participants who perceived their HIV risk to be high (aOR = 0.11;95%CI 0.05-0.22), and low-medium (aOR = 0.25;95%CI 0.11-0.52) but increased among those with primary level of education (aOR = 1.72;95%CI 1.06-2.78). Conclusion: Access to condom, HIV testing, sterile needles and syringes were relatively high among PWID. However, condom use and access to peer educators was relatively low. HIV knowledge and risk perception, gender, education, and sexual violence influenced access to HIV prevention services. There is an urgent need to address the identified socio-cognitive factors and scale up all aspects of HIV prevention services to fast-track attainment of the 2025 UNAIDS goals and ending the HIV epidemic.

• Kobro-Flatmoen, Asgeir; Battistin, Claudia; Nair Raveendran, Rajeevkumar; Bjorkli, Christiana; Skender, Belma & Kentros, Clifford [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Lowering levels of reelin in entorhinal cortex layer II-neurons results in lowered levels of intracellular amyloid-β. bioRxiv. ISSN 2692-8205. doi: 10.1101/2022.01.28.478143.
• Madar, Ahmed Ali; Benavente, Pierina; Czapka, Elżbieta; Herrero-Arias, Raquel; Younes, Jasmin Haj & Hasha, Wegdan Hamed Nasser [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). COVID-19: information access, trust and adherence to health advice among migrants in Norway. Archives of Public Health. ISSN 0778-7367. 80(15). doi: 10.1186/s13690-021-00764-4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Gradmann, Christoph (2022). This is the End: Eradicating Tuberculosis in Modern Times. Centaurus. ISSN 0008-8994. 64(1), s. 171–181. doi: 10.1484/J.CNT.5.129633.
• Holst, Christine; Tschirhart, Naomi Anne; Ngowi, Bernard James; Noll, Josef & Winkler, Andrea Sylvia (2021). Utilizing community InfoSpots for health education: perspectives and experiences in Migoli and Izazi, Tanzania. Health Promotion International. ISSN 0957-4824. doi: 10.1093/heapro/daab187.
• Misra, Shubham; Kolappa, Kavitha; Prasad, Manya; Radhakrishnan, Divya; Thakur, Kiran T. & Solomon, Tom [Vis alle 23 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Frequency of neurologic manifestations in COVID-19. Neurology. ISSN 0028-3878. 97(23), s. E2269–E2281. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012930.
• Neupane, Dipika; Levis, Brooke; Bhandari, Parash Mani; Thombs, Brett D.; Benedetti, Andrea & Sun, Ying [Vis alle 90 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Selective cutoff reporting in studies of the accuracy of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale: Comparison of results based on published cutoffs versus all cutoffs using individual participant data meta-analysis. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research. ISSN 1049-8931. 30(3). doi: 10.1002/mpr.1873.
• Gómez-Morales, María Ángeles; Pezzotti, Patrizio; Ludovisi, Alessandra; Boufana, Belgees; Dorny, Pierre & Kortbeek, Titia [Vis alle 26 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Collaborative studies for the detection of taenia spp. infections in humans within cystinet, the European network on taeniosis/cysticercosis. Microorganisms. ISSN 2076-2607. 9(6). doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9061173.
• Mengesha, Mulugeta Belay; Tulu, Begna; Younis, Sidra; Jolliffe, David A; Tayachew, Dawit & Manwandu, Hana [Vis alle 29 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA in CD34-positive peripheral blood mononuclear cells of asymptomatic tuberculosis contacts: an observational study. Lancet Microbe. ISSN 2666-5247. 2(6), s. e267–e275. doi: 10.1016/S2666-5247%2821%2900043-4.
• Greser, Jarosław; Kamiński, Ryszard; Klatta, Piotr; Knieć, Wojciech; Martinez-Perez, Jonatan & Sitek, Anna [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Knowledge Transfer, Knowledge Acquisition and Qualifications in the Context of Rural Development in Poland. European Countryside. ISSN 1803-8417. 13(1), s. 56–70. doi: 10.2478/euco-2021-0004.
• Mubanga, Chishimba; Mwape, Kabemba E.; Phiri, Isaac K.; Trevisan, Chiara; Kabululu, Mwemezi & Zulu, Gideon [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Operational characteristics of an antibody detecting point of care test for Taenia solium infections in a community and hospital setting. BMC Infectious Diseases. ISSN 1471-2334. 21(1). doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06320-3.
• Ahmed, Seid Mussa; Sundby, Johanne Sommerschild; Aragaw, Yesuf Ahmed & Nordeng, Hedvig Marie Egeland (2021). Medicinal plants used among pregnant women in a tertiary teaching hospital in Jimma, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. 11(8). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046495.
• Larsen, Øyvind (2021). Ord, helse og historie, Helsespråk. Det norske medicinske Selskab. ISSN 978-82-92871-77-5. s. 26–39.
• Beghi, Ettore; Giussani, Giorgia; Westenberg, Erica; Allegri, Ricardo; García-Azorín, David & Guekht, Alla [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Acute and post-acute neurological manifestations of COVID-19: present findings, critical appraisal, and future directions. Journal of Neurology. ISSN 0340-5354. doi: 10.1007/s00415-021-10848-4.
• Fjeld, Heidi E (2021). Relations as potential: Pragmatism and flexibility in Tibetan kinship. Inner Asia. ISSN 1464-8172. 23(1), s. 103–130. doi: 10.1163/22105018-12340164.
• Barrow, Lamin F.M. & Færden, Ann (2021). Barriers to accessing mental health services in the Gambia: Patients'/family members' perspectives. BJPsych International. ISSN 2056-4740. doi: 10.1192/bji.2021.26.
• Wintrup, James (2021). Who alone can ‘see’? Christian humanitarianism, aspect-perception and political critique. Critique of Anthropology. ISSN 0308-275X. doi: 10.1177/0308275X211021658.
• Muparamoto, Nelson & Moen, Kåre (2021). Taraidiwa [“We Have Been Raided”]: Effects of and Meanings Ascribed to an Assault on an LGBTI Function in Harare, Zimbabwe. Journal of Homosexuality. ISSN 0091-8369. doi: 10.1080/00918369.2021.1923280.
• Münster, Daniel (2021). The Nectar of Life: Fermentation, Soil Health, and Bionativism in Indian Natural Farming . Current Anthropology. ISSN 0011-3204. 62, s. 311–322. doi: 10.1086/715477.
• Sadlowski, Henrik; Schmidt, Veronika; Hiss, Jonathan; Kuehn, Johannes A.; Schneider, Christian G. & Zulu, Gideon [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Diagnosis of Taenia solium infections based on "mail order" RNA-sequencing of single tapeworm egg isolates from stool samples. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. ISSN 1935-2727. 15(12). doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009787.
• Zhou, Bin; Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M.; Danaei, Goodarz; Riley, Leanne M.; Paciorek, Christopher J. & Stevens, Gretchen A. [Vis alle 100 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants. The Lancet. ISSN 0140-6736. 398(10304), s. 957–980. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736%2821%2901330-1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mizinduko, Mucho; Moen, Kåre; Tersbøl, Britt; Likindikoki, Samuel; Ishungisa, Alexander Mwijage & Leyna, Germana Henry [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). HIV testing and associated factors among female sex workers in Tanzania: approaching the first 90% target? AIDS Care. ISSN 0954-0121. 18, s. 1–6. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2021.2014779. Vis sammendrag

  Use of HIV testing services among FSW in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is below the desired UNAIDS target of 90%. We estimated the prevalence and factors associated with HIV testing among FSW in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A respondent-driven sampling method was used to recruit FSW aged 18. Modified Poisson regression models were used to determine factors associated with recent HIV testing. Of 958 surveyed FSW (median age 26 years), 85.4% (95% CI: 82.3, 88.1) reported to have ever been tested for HIV and 65.3% (95% CI: 61.2, 69.3) tested in the past 12 months. Condom use on the last day worked (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.17; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.38), no or low self-perceived risk of HIV acquisition (PR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.32), having never felt stigmatized as a sex worker (PR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.33), and having been in contact with a peer educator (PR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.49) during the past year preceding the survey were associated with recent HIV testing. Interventions aiming to mitigate stigma due to sex work, improve health education to address risk perception as a barrier to HIV testing, and scaling up peer educator's engagement should be given priority.

• Høstmark, Arne Torbjørn (2021). Intended Ranges and Correlations between Percentages of Variables Like Oleic Acid, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, and Arachidonic Acid. Foods. ISSN 2304-8158. 10(1012). doi: 10.3390/foods10051012.
• Høstmark, Arne Torbjørn (2021). Studies to Explain Associations between Relative Amounts of Body Fatty Acids . Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing (JNFP). 4(1). doi: 10.31579/2637-8914/039.
• Afsana, Faria; Bhowmik, Bishwajit; Siddiquee, Tasnima; Ahmed, Tareen; Pathan, Faruque & Ahmed, Tofail [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Current practices in diagnosis and management of gestational diabetes: A Bangladesh study. . Journal of Diabetology. ISSN 2078-7685. 12(5), s. 79–85. doi: 10.4103/jod.jod_14_21.
• Ibbotson, Jennifer L.; Luitel, Bijata; Adhikari, Bikash; Jagt, Kathryn R.; Bøhler, Erik & Riviello, Robert [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Overcoming Barriers to Accessing Surgery and Rehabilitation in Low and Middle-Income Countries: An Innovative Model of Patient Navigation in Nepal. World Journal of Surgery. ISSN 0364-2313. doi: 10.1007/s00268-021-06035-1.
• Guida, Florence; Tan, VY; Corbin, Laura J; Smith-Byrne, K; Alcala, Karine & Langenberg, C [Vis alle 40 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). The blood metabolome of incident kidney cancer: A case-control study nested within the MetKid consortium. PLoS Medicine. ISSN 1549-1277. 18(9). doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003786. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Do Vale Moreira, Nayla Cristina; Mdala, Ibrahimu; Hussain, Akhtar; Bhowmik, Bishwajit; Siddiquee, Tasnima & Fernandes, Virginia Oliveira [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Cardiovascular Risk, Obesity, and Sociodemographic Indicators in a Brazilian Population. Frontiers In Public Health. ISSN 2296-2565. 9, s. 1–10. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.725009. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nylenna, Magne (2021). Medisinske ordbøker og ordlister. Michael. ISSN 1893-9651. 18, s. 135–149.
• Tschirhart, Naomi Anne; Jiraporncharoen, Wichuda; Thongkhamcharoen, Rojanasak; Yoonut, Kulyapa; Ottersen, Trygve & Angkurawaranon, Chaisiri (2021). Including undocumented migrants in universal health coverage: a maternal health case study from the Thailand-Myanmar border. BMC Health Services Research. ISSN 1472-6963. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-07325-z. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ewnetu, Demelash Bezabih; Combs Thorsen, Viva; Solbakk, Jan Helge & Magelssen, Morten (2021). Navigating abortion law dilemmas: experiences and attitudes among Ethiopian health care professionals. BMC Medical Ethics. ISSN 1472-6939. 22(1). doi: 10.1186/s12910-021-00735-y. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kocarnik, Jonathan M.; Compton, Kelly; Dean, Frances E.; Weijia, Fu; Gaw, Brian L. & Harvey, James D. [Vis alle 18 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019 A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. JAMA Oncology. ISSN 2374-2437. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.6987. Vis sammendrag

  Importance The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. Objective To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. Evidence Review The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Findings In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. Conclusions and Relevance The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world.

• Høglund, Rune Alexander; Meyer, Haakon Eduard; Stigum, Hein; Torkildsen, Øivind; Grytten, Nina & Holmøy, Trygve [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Association of body mass index in Adolescence and young Adulthood and long-term risk of multiple Sclerosis: A Population-Based Study. Neurology. ISSN 0028-3878. 97(23), s. E2253–E2261. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012957. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Iurilli, Maria Laura Caminia; Zhou, Bin; Bennett, James E.; Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M.; Sophiea, Marisa K. & Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea [Vis alle 77 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight. eLIFE. ISSN 2050-084X. 10. doi: 10.7554/eLife.60060. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.

• Shaikh, Fareeha; Kjøllesdal, Marte Karoline Råberg; Carslake, David; Thoresen, Magne & Næss, Øyvind Erik (2021). Cardiovascular risk factors in extended family members and birthweight in offspring. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease. ISSN 2040-1744. doi: 10.1017/S2040174421000076.
• Aye, Win Thuzar; Lien, Lars; Stigum, Hein & Bjertness, Espen (2021). Childhood abuse and its association with adults’ mental health problems: A cross-sectional study among men and women in the Yangon Region of Myanmar. BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. 11(11). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045870. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mubanga, Chishimba; Van Damme, Inge; Trevisan, Chiara; Schmidt, Veronika; Phiri, Isaac K. & Zulu, Gideon [Vis alle 19 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Evaluation of an antibody detecting point of care test for diagnosis of taenia solium cysticercosis in a Zambian rural community: A prospective diagnostic accuracy study. Diagnostics (Basel). ISSN 2075-4418. 11(11). doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11112121.
• Mubanga, Chishimba; Trevisan, Chiara; Van Damme, Inge; Schmidt, Veronika; Phiri, Isaac K. & Zulu, Gideon [Vis alle 19 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Challenges encountered when evaluating an antibody-detecting point-of-care test for taeniosis in an endemic community in Zambia: A prospective diagnostic accuracy study. Diagnostics (Basel). ISSN 2075-4418. 11(11). doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11112039.
• Overton, Kristen; Fortané, Nicolas; Broom, Alex; Raymond, Stephanie; Gradmann, Christoph & Orubu, Ebiowei Samuel F [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Waves of attention: Patterns and themes of international antimicrobial resistance reports, 1945-2020. BMJ Global Health. ISSN 2059-7908. 6(11). doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006909.

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• Paulsen, Berit Smestad; Vaalund, Anne & Larsen, Øyvind (2021). Professor Frederik Holst og hans drogesamling (Michael supplement nr 27) . Norwegian Medical Society. ISBN 978-82-92871-78-2. 240 s.

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• Asaduzzaman, Muhammad (2022). Neo-colonialism in Global Health:Perspectives from VIRDE Alumni and Evidence from the Field.
• Asaduzzaman, Muhammad; Rose, Elizabeth S. & Boafor, Theodore Kobla (2022). Understanding Implications of Research Colonialism to Make Change for the Future.
• Asaduzzaman, Muhammad (2022). Water and food in One Health perspective.
• Larsen, Øivind (2022). Dyrenes helsevesen. Michael. ISSN 1893-9651. 19(2), s. 186–188. Vis sammendrag

  Anmeldelse av Liven E. red. Dyrehelsa i Norge - veterinærvesenets historie. Oslo: Kolofon, 2021.

• Larsen, Ingegerd Frøyshov & Larsen, Øivind (2022). Medisinhistorie i Kyiv - attraksjon satt på vent. Michael. ISSN 1893-9651. 19(2), s. 160–175.
• Haave, Per; Bjørn Oscar, Hoftvedt & Førde, Reidun (2022). Legenes makt – pasientenes og pårørendes maktesløshet. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 142(6), s. 530–532.
• Slagstad, Ketil (2022). Hva vet vi egentlig om transkjønnet liv i tidligere tider? Morgenbladet. ISSN 0805-3847.
• Lunde, Ingvild Bergom & Johnson, Matthew Thomas (2022). Introduction: gender equality in Abrahamic circumcision – why or why not? Global Discourse. ISSN 2326-9995. 12(1), s. 3–7. doi: 10.1332/204378921X16369920470269.
• Asaduzzaman, Muhammad (2022). How can we reduce the use of antibiotics in food production? Vis sammendrag

  Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest threats to modern healthcare and is arguably the most multidisciplinary global health issue we face. By leveraging the purchasing power of healthcare, we can support an antibiotic-free supply chain for food and promote the reduction of antibiotic misuse in farming practices. While antimicrobials, or more specifically antibiotics, have revolutionized contemporary medical science and significantly reduced both mortality and morbidity, we now know that their misuse and overuse are fueling the emergence of resistant ‘superbugs’. The development and containment of AMR are complex ‘One Health’ issues. As healthcare professionals, we have a vital role to play in achieving One Health goals and are among the many actors who need to collaborate and embrace further responsibilities beyond our routine tasks. One major driver of AMR is the disproportionate use of antibiotics in food animals, which consume 50-80% of antibiotics in developed countries. Global figures from 2013 estimated that 131,109 tons of antibiotics were consumed by food animals and projected that this would reach 200,235 tons by 2030. Animal farming and agricultural production contribute to a larger extent for the antibiotic residues and metabolites entering the environment, along with hospital wastewater, pharmaceutical effluents, and sewage. As a healthcare professional and global health researcher, I believe we need to focus on the less explored, but impactful role of healthcare’s purchasing power. Leveraging our spending, healthcare institutions can support an antibiotic free supply chain for food in healthcare settings and promote the reduction of overused and misused antibiotics in food animal farming.

• Bernhoft, Aksel; Alexander, Jan; Birgisdottir, Bryndis Eva; Bjertness, Espen; Grødeland, Gunnveig & Hungnes, Olav [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Pandemiers start og spredning - hvilken innflytelse har vi mennesker? Harvest Magazine.
• Larsen, Øivind (2022). Medisinstudium eller legeskole - et evig dilemma. Michael. ISSN 1893-9651. 19(1), s. 62–66.
• Larsen, Øivind (2022). Ulikhet i norsk virkelighet. Michael. ISSN 1893-9651. 19(1), s. 72–74. Vis sammendrag

  Bokanmeldelse av Grønmo S, Nilsen A, Christensen K reds. Ulikhet - sosiologiske perspektiver og analyser. Bergen: Fagbokforlaget, 2021.

• Slagstad, Ketil (2022). Society as a Medical Toolbox: Social medicine as an ambiguous form of transgender care .
• Heen, Espen Kolstad & Engelsen, Thea Cecilie (2022). We need to rethink the methodology of assessing and supplementing iodine to large population groups. sciencenorway.no.
• Slagstad, Ketil (2022). Å snakke med - ikke om. VG : Verdens gang. ISSN 0805-5203.
• Asaduzzaman, Muhammad; Rahman, K M Saif-Ur- & Ahmed, Sabrina (2021). Prevention of future pandemics needs attention to planetary health: the example of bat ecology and COVID-19. Medium.
• Natterson-Horowitz, B.; Desmarchelier, Marion; Winkler, Andrea Sylvia & Carabin, Hélène (2021). Beyond Zoonoses in One Health: Non-communicable Diseases Across the Animal Kingdom. Frontiers In Public Health. ISSN 2296-2565. 9. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.807186.
• Spjeldnæs, Amanda Hylland (2021). Resistens Roper på Revolusjon. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 141(10). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0070.
• Akter, Rokshana; Larose, Tricia L; Sandvik, Jannicke; Fonne, Vivianne; Meland, Anders & Wagstaff, Anthony Sverre (2021). Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Associated Factors in Military Search and Rescue Personnel. Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance. ISSN 2375-6314. 92(12), s. 975–979. doi: 10.3357/AMHP.5946.2021.
• Ishaq, Bushra; Aukrust, Pål; Diaz, Esperanza; Solbakk, Jan Helge; Bjertness, Espen & Tyssvang, Marius [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Hvorfor er koronasmitten så høy blant minoriteter? Vi trenger grundige analyser. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.). ISSN 0804-3116.
• Münster, Daniel & Münster, Ursula (2021). Pharmaceutical Care: Diclofenac, a Pharmacon of More-Than-Human Health. Cultural anthropology. ISSN 0886-7356. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Münster, Daniel (2021). Fermentation, Soil Health, and Planetary Health.
• Münster, Daniel (2021). More-than-human health. Soil and people in natural farming (India).
• Watt, Graham; Giacaman, Rita; Zurayk, Huda; Bjertness, Espen; Holmboe-Ottesen, Gerd & Ghattas, Hala [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). COVID-19 vaccines for Palestinians. The Lancet. ISSN 0140-6736. 397(10274). doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736%2821%2900185-9.
• Nylenna, Magne (2021). Fortsatt et stort behov for Helsebiblioteket. Dagens medisin. ISSN 1501-4290. s. 30–30.
• Nylenna, Magne (2021). Medisinske møteplasser. Michael. ISSN 1893-9651. 18, s. 255–262.
• Nylenna, Magne & Hem, Erlend (2021). Begreper og betegnelser i helsespråket. Michael. ISSN 1893-9651. 18, s. 14–25.
• Hem, Erlend & Nylenna, Magne (2021). Språk er også medisin. Michael. ISSN 1893-9651. 18, s. 7–13.
• Nylenna, Magne (2021). Makt og mangfold. Michael. ISSN 1893-9651. 18, s. 12–16.
• Søgaard, Anne-Johanne; Holvik, Kristin; Dahl, Cecilie; Meyer, Haakon Eduard & Omsland, Tone Kristin (2021). Osteoporose – den glemte folkesykdom. Michael. ISSN 1893-9651. 18(28), s. 119–133. Vis sammendrag

  Osteoporose innebærer at benvevet blir mer porøst og kan brekke ved lav belastning. Svekkelsen i benstrukturen gir ingen symptomer før man får et brudd. Det er usikkert hvor mange som har osteoporose i Norge, men antallet er beregnet å være nærmere 300 000 personer. Ofte benyttes osteoporotiske brudd i hofte, underarm og ryggrad som mål på forekomst av osteoporose som klinisk problem. Hoftebrudd har ofte størst konsekvenser for enkeltindivid og samfunn. Det skjer et hoftebrudd hver time på døgnet i Norge, totalt ca. 9 000 per år. Kvinner og eldre er mest utsatt. Norge ligger på verdenstoppen i hoftebrudd, og vi har begrenset kunnskap om årsakene til dette. Et hoftebrudd koster nesten 1 million kroner det første året. Selv om hyppigheten har gått ned siden begynnelsen av 1990-årene, vil antall hoftebrudd likevel øke fremover pga. økende antall eldre. Osteoporose og fall er de viktigste risikofaktorene, og røyking, lav vekt, lite fysisk aktivitet og tidligere brudd, virker inn på disse. Vi omtaler her et pågående prosjekt i Oslo som følger opp fallskader for å hindre nye fall, og et omfattende prosjekt ved syv sykehus som skal forebygge nye brudd hos bruddpasienter. Vi spør også hvorfor det tilsynelatende satses så lite på å forebygge denne folkesykdommen.

• Barua, Ishita; Goodwin, Morten; Brøgger, Helga Maria; Pettersen, Klas Henning & Fattah, Ida Susanna (2021). Verdien av kunstig intelligens i helse.
• Lefkaditou, Ageliki & Vaalund, Anne (2021). On the Cutting Edge, or How Collections Become Important.
• Lefkaditou, Ageliki (2021). Intelligence Testing in Norway: Tracing Connections between Tests and People from the early 1910s to the 1960s.
• Lefkaditou, Ageliki & Helgestad, Asgeir (2021). Capturing Life and Loss in Multispecies Interactions: Reflections on Filming Practices.
• Lefkaditou, Ageliki (2021). Nowhere to Return? The Case of “Maren” at the Norwegian Museum of Science and Technology.
• Lefkaditou, Ageliki (2021). Samlinger og arkiv som utgangspunkt for forskning.
• Lie, Anne Helene Kveim (2021). Syfilis i EKKO, Nrk p2. [Radio]. NRK P2.
• Larsen, Øivind (2021). Tre bøker til samfunnsforståelse. Michael. ISSN 1893-9651. 18(4), s. 504–506. Vis sammendrag

  Anmeldelse av: Schiefloe PM. Mennesker og samfunn - inføring i sosiologisk forståelse. Bergen: Fagbokforlaget, 2019; Tjora A, Martinussen W. Sosiologiske anfektelser. Bergen: Fagbokforlaget, 2021; Thorsvik J. Hvordan vårt politiske system fungerer. Bergen: Fagbokforlaget, 2021.

• Haave, Per & Njarga, Berit B. (2021). Tvangssterilisering i Norge : Steriliseringsloven som skulle forhindre «mindreverdiges» forplantning. [Internett]. Vi.no.
• Aanestad, Margunn & Fattah, Ida Susanna (2021). Digital hjemmeoppfølging under Covid-pandemien.
• Indseth, Thor; Fretheim, Atle; Ezzati, Rojan Tordhol; Gele, Abdi; Brekke, Jan-Paul & Elgersma, Ingeborg Hess [Vis alle 34 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Koronapandemien og innvandrerbefolkningene, vurderinger og erfaringer . Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 978-82-8406-261-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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