Inger Holm

• Trøan, Ingrid; Holm, Inger; Moatshe, Gilbert; LaPrade, Robert F.; Engebretsen, Lars & Bere, Tone (2026). Quadriceps and Hamstring Muscle Strength Recovery After a Multiligament Knee Injury: A Long-term Follow-up. American Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0363-5465. 54(11), s. 2722–2731. doi: 10.1177/03635465261466381. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Multiligament knee injuries (MLKIs) are serious and heterogeneous injuries that often lead to long-term functional limitations. There is limited literature regarding objective muscle strength and functional recovery after surgical treatment of MLKIs. Purpose: To investigate long-term quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength and functional recovery after surgical treatment of MLKI and to compare postoperative outcomes between single cruciate MLKI and bicruciate MLKIs. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients surgically treated for an MLKI at a single level 1 trauma center between January 2013 and December 2020 were included. Isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength were assessed using a Biodex dynamometer, and physical function was measured by single-leg hop, triple hop, crossover hop, and 6-m timed hop tests, with the limb symmetry index (LSI) calculated. Results: Of 124 eligible patients, 90 (72%) participated at a mean follow-up time of 7 years (SD, 2.1) since surgery to evaluation. The median age at the time of testing was 49 years (range, 21-72) and 59% were male. In total, 54% of the patients had not regained full quadriceps strength (LSI <90%), and 46% had persistent hamstring deficits for peak torque/body weight (PT/BW) at 60 deg/s. Across the entire cohort, there was a significant difference between the uninvolved and involved sides for quadriceps and hamstrings for PT/BW ( P = .01). The mean LSI for quadriceps PT/BW was 88% at 60 deg/s and 90% at 240 deg/s, while for the hamstrings, the mean LSI was 93% at 60 deg/s and 97% at 240 deg/s. Median LSIs for the hop tests ranged from 93% (range, 41%-187%) for single leg to 99% (42%-141%) for crossover; however, 44% of patients failed to reach the 90% threshold for the single-leg hop. The 6-m timed hop test and quadriceps muscle strength were significantly lower for patients with bicruciate injuries than those with single cruciate injuries ( P < .05). Conclusion: Persistent deficits in quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength were observed 7 years after MLKI surgery, with a substantial proportion of patients failing to regain full functional symmetry in muscle strength and hop test performance. Patients with bicruciate injuries demonstrated significantly more pronounced deficits in muscle strength and hop test scores as compared with those with single cruciate injuries.

• Vik, Anne Karin; Kaastad, Trine Sand; Johansen, Heidi; Holm, Inger & Østlie, Kristin (2026). Physical function, quality of life, musculoskeletal pain, and prosthesis use in adults with congenital reduction defects of the upper limb: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Hand Therapy. ISSN 0894-1130. doi: 10.1016/j.jht.2025.12.018. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Trøan, Ingrid; Bere, Tone Tufte; Holm, Inger; LaPrade, Robert F.; Engebretsen, Lars & Moatshe, Gilbert (2025). Patient-Reported Outcomes of Bicruciate Multiligament Versus Single Cruciate Multiligament Knee Injuries. American Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0363-5465. 53(1), s. 138–146. doi: 10.1177/03635465241293743. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Urhausen, Anouk; Pedersen, Marie; Grindem, Hege; Ito, Naoaki; Arhos, Elanna K. & Gunderson, Ragnhild B. [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Clinical, Functional, Sports Participation, and Osteoarthritis Outcomes After ACL Injury: Ten-Year Follow-up Study of the Delaware-Oslo ACL Cohort Treatment Algorithm. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American volume. ISSN 0021-9355. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.24.00243. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fosdahl, Merete Aarsland; Berg, Bjørnar; Risberg, May Arna; Øiestad, Britt Elin & Holm, Inger (2023). Body Mass Index, Quality of Life and Activity Limitation Trajectories over 2 Years in Patients with Knee or Hip Osteoarthritis: A Dual Trajectory Approach Based on 4265 Patients Included in the AktivA Quality Register. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 12(22). doi: 10.3390/jcm12227094. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Recent studies claim that weight-neutral approaches emphasizing physical activity might be as effective as weight-loss-centered approaches for improving pain and physical function in patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis. The objectives were to identify distinctive groups of individuals with similar BMI, quality of life and activity limitation trajectories over two years, to compare the overall differences between BMI trajectory groups for baseline variables and to explore the probabilities of the quality of life and activity limitation trajectory groups conditional on the BMI group. (2) Methods: Baseline data for age, gender, BMI, quality of life, activity limitations, pain, general health, knee or hip osteoarthritis and follow-up data on BMI, quality of life and activity limitations at 3, 12 and 24 months were retrieved from the “Active with osteoarthritis” (AktivA) electronic quality register. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify distinct trajectories for BMI, quality of life and activity limitations. (3) Results: 4265 patients were included in the study. Four distinct BMI trajectories were identified, normal weight (31%), slightly overweight (43%), overweight (20%) and obese (6%). At baseline, there were highly significant differences between all BMI groups, pain increased and age and general health decreased with higher BMI. Irrespective of weight category, minimal changes in BMI were found over the two-year follow-up period. Over 80% of the participants showed moderate-to-considerable improvements both in quality of life and activity limitations. (4) Conclusions: Almost 70% of the participants belonged to the overweight trajectories. Despite no significant weight reduction over the two years, eight in every 10 participants improved their quality of life and reduced their activity limitations after participating in the AktivA program.

• Rognsvåg, Turid; Lindberg, Maren Falch; Lerdal, Anners; Stubberud, Jan Egil; Furnes, Ove Nord & Holm, Inger [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Development of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy program for use in combination with exercise therapy and education by patients at increased risk of chronic pain following total knee arthroplasty. BMC Health Services Research. 21(1), s. 1–14. doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-07177-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Approximately 20% of patients experience chronic pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Due to the growing number of TKA procedures, this will affect an increasing number of people worldwide. Catastrophic thinking, dysfunctional illness perception, poor mental health, anxiety and depression characterize these non-improvers, and indicate that these patients may need individualized treatment using a treatment approach based on the bio-psycho-social health model. The present study developed an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) program to be combined with exercise therapy and education for patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) at increased risk of chronic pain after TKA. Methods: The development process followed the first two phases of the UK Medical Research Council framework for complex interventions. In the development phase, the first prototype of the iCBT program was developed based on literature review, established iCBT programs and multidisciplinary workshops. The feasibility phase consisted of testing the program, interviewing users, condensing the program, and tailoring it to the patient group. A physiotherapist manual was developed and adapted to physiotherapists who will serve as mentors. Results: The development process resulted in an iCBT program consisting of 10 modules with educational texts, videos and exercises related to relevant topics such as goalsetting, stress and pain, lifestyle, automatic thoughts, mindfulness, selective attention, worry and rumination. A physiotherapist manual was developed to guide the physiotherapists in supporting the patients through the program and to optimize adherence to the program. Conclusions: The iCBT program is tailored to patients at risk of chronic pain following TKA, and may be useful as a supplement to surgery and/or exercise therapy. A multicentre RCT will evaluate the iCBT program in combination with an exercise therapy and education program. This novel intervention may be a valuable contribution to the treatment of OA patients at risk of chronic pain after TKA.

• Skaaret, Ingrid; Steen, Harald; Niratisairak, Sanyalak; Swanson, David Michael & Holm, Inger (2021). Postoperative changes in vertical ground reaction forces, walking barefoot and with ankle-foot orthoses in children with Cerebral Palsy. Clinical Biomechanics. ISSN 0268-0033. 84, s. 1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105336. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Children with cerebral palsy often have problems to support the body centre of mass, seen as increased ratio between excessive vertical ground reaction forces during weight acceptance and decreased forces below bodyweight in late stance. We aimed to examine whether increasing ankle range of motion through surgery and restraining motion with ankle-foot orthoses postoperatively would have impact on the vertical ground reaction force in weight acceptance and late stance. Methods: Ground reaction forces were recorded from 24 children with bilateral and 32 children with unilateral cerebral palsy, each measured walking barefoot before and after triceps surae lengthening. Postoperatively, the children were also measured walking with ankle-foot orthoses. Changes in vertical ground reaction forces between the three conditions were evaluated with functional curve and descriptive peak analyses; accounting for repeated measures and within-subject correlation. Findings: After surgery, there were decreased vertical ground reaction forces in weight acceptance and increased forces in late stance. Additional significant changes with ankle-foot orthoses involved increased vertical forces in weight acceptance, and in late stance corresponding to bodyweight (bilateral, from 92% to 98% bodyweight; unilateral, from 94% to 103% bodyweight) postoperatively. Interpretation: Our findings confirmed that surgery affected vertical ground reaction forces to approach more normative patterns. Additional changes with ankle-foot orthoses indicated further improved ability to support bodyweight and decelerate centre of mass in late stance.

• Berg, Bjørnar; Roos, Ewa M.; Kise, Nina Jullum; Engebretsen, Lars; Holm, Inger & Risberg, May Arna (2021). Muscle strength and osteoarthritis progression after surgery or exercise for degenerative meniscal tears: Secondary analyses of a randomized trial. Arthritis care & research. ISSN 2151-464X. 74(1). doi: 10.1002/acr.24736. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective: To evaluate muscle strength changes following partial meniscectomy or exercise therapy for degenerative meniscal tears and the relationship between baseline muscle strength and osteoarthritis progression. Methods: Secondary analysis of a randomized trial (n=140 participants). Isokinetic quadriceps and hamstrings strength (peak torque [N·m/kg] and total work [J/kg]) were assessed at baseline, three-, 12-month, and five-year follow-up. Between-group differences were analyzed using intention-to-treat linear mixed models. The relationship between baseline muscle strength and osteoarthritis progression (Kellgren and Lawrence, ≥1 grade increase) were assessed using logistic regression models. Results: We found statistically significant between-group differences favoring exercise therapy at three months (quadriceps: -0.30 N·m/kg, 95% CI -0.40, -0.20; hamstrings: -0.10 N·m/kg, 95% CI -0.15, -0.04) and 12 months (quadriceps: -0.13 N·m/kg, 95% CI -0.23, -0.03; hamstrings: -0.08 N·m/kg, 95% CI -0.14, -0.03). At five years, between-group differences were -0.10 N·m/kg (95% CI -0.21 to 0.01) for quadriceps and -0.07 N·m/kg (95% CI -0.13 to -0.01) for hamstrings. Quadriceps muscle weakness at baseline was associated with knee osteoarthritis progression over five years: adjusted odds ratio of 1.40 for every 0.2 N·m/kg decrease (95% CI 1.15 to 1.71). The adjusted odds ratio for hamstrings was 1.14 (95% CI 0.97-1.35) for every 0.1 N·m/kg decrease. Conclusion: Exercise therapy was effective in improving muscle strength at three and 12-month follow-up compared to partial meniscectomy, but the effect was attenuated at five years. Quadriceps muscle weakness at baseline was associated with higher odds of osteoarthritis progression over five years.

• Berg, Bjørnar; Roos, Ewa M.; Kise, Nina Jullum; Engebretsen, Lars; Holm, Inger & Risberg, May Arna (2021). On a Trajectory for Success—9 in Every 10 People With a Degenerative Meniscus Tear Have Improved Knee Function in the 2 Years After Treatment: A Secondary Exploratory Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. ISSN 0190-6011. 51(6), s. 289–297. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2021.10025. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective: To identify trajectories of patient-reported knee function over five years in patients with degenerative meniscal tears, and to explore whether baseline characteristics were associated with trajectories of sport and recreational function. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: We conducted a secondary exploratory analysis of the randomized controlled Odense-Oslo Meniscectomy versus Exercise (OMEX) trial. Patient-reported knee function was assessed with the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) at baseline, three, 12, and 24 months, and five years. We used group-based trajectory modeling to identify subgroups who followed distinctive patterns of change. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the association of demographic, knee function- and disease-related factors with KOOS sport and recreational function (sport/rec) trajectories. Results: We analyzed data from 140 participants. We identified three trajectories for all KOOS subscales: (i) low, minimal improvement (10%-12% of the participants), (ii) moderate, gradual improvement (20%-36%), and (iii) high, early improvement (53%-70%). Baseline prognostic factors for deteriorating function in sport and recreational activities were higher BMI, poorer mental health, greater knee pain, lower perceived knee function, poorer quadriceps and hamstrings muscle strength, poorer functional performance, more meniscal extrusion, and having radiographic signs of knee osteoarthritis. Conclusion: We found three distinct trajectories of patient-reported knee function over five years: (i) low, minimal improvement, (ii) moderate, gradual improvement, (iii) high, early improvement. Nine in every 10 participants improved at least gradually over two years after diagnosis of a degenerative meniscus tear.

• Lindberg, Maren Falch; Aamodt, Arild; Badawy, Mona; Bergvad, Ingvild Buset; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. & Furnes, Ove Nord [Vis alle 21 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). The effectiveness of exercise therapy and education plus cognitive behavioral therapy, alone or in combination with total knee arthroplasty in patients with knee osteoarthritis – study protocol for the MultiKnee trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 22:1054, s. 1–14. doi: 10.1186/s12891-021-04924-z. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background One in five patients report chronic pain following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and are considered non-improvers. Psychological interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), combined with exercise therapy and education may contribute to reduced pain an improved function both for patients with OA or after TKA surgery, but the evidence for the effectiveness of such interventions is scarce. This randomized controlled trial with three arms will compare the clinical effectiveness of patient education and exercise therapy combined with internet-delivered CBT (iCBT), evaluated either as a non-surgical treatment choice or in combination with TKA, in comparison to usual treatment with TKA in patients with knee OA who are considered candidates for TKA surgery. Methods The study, conducted in three orthopaedic centers in Norway will include 282 patients between ages 18 and 80, eligible for TKA. Patients will be randomized to receive the exercise therapy + iCBT, either alone or in combination with TKA, or to a control group who will undergo conventional TKA and usual care physiotherapy following surgery. The exercise therapy will include 24 one hour sessions over 12 weeks led by a physiotherapist. The iCBT program will be delivered in ten modules. The physiotherapists will receive theoretical and practical training to advise and mentor the patients during the iCBT program. The primary outcome will be change from baseline to 12 months on the pain sub-scale from the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Secondary outcomes include the remaining 4 sub-scales from the KOOS (symptoms, function in daily living, function in sports and recreation, and knee-related quality of life), EQ-5D-5L, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the 30-s sit-to-stand test, 40-m walking test and ActiGraph activity measures. A cost-utility analysis will be performed using QALYs derived from the EQ-5D-5L and registry data. Discussion This is the first randomized controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of exercise therapy and iCBT with or without TKA, to optimize outcomes for TKA patients. Findings from this trial will contribute to evidence-based ersonalized treatment recommendations for a large proportion of OA patients who currently lack an effective treatment option. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03771430. Registered: Dec 11, 2018.

• Fosdahl, Merete Aarsland; Jahnsen, Reidun Birgitta; Pripp, Are Hugo & Holm, Inger (2020). Change in popliteal angle and hamstrings spasticity during childhood in ambulant children with spastic bilateral cerebral palsy. A register-based cohort study. BMC Pediatrics. 20(1), s. 1–9. doi: 10.1186/s12887-019-1891-y. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Muscle contractures are developing during childhood and may cause extensive problems in gait and every day functioning in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The aim of the present study was to evaluate how the popliteal angle (PA) and hamstrings spasticity change during childhood in walking children with spastic bilateral CP. Methods The present study was a longitudinal register-based cohort study including 419 children (1–15 years of age) with spastic bilateral CP, gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) level I, II and III included in the Norwegian CP Follow-up Program (CPOP). From 2006 to 2018 a total of 2193 tests were performed. The children were tested by trained physiotherapists yearly or every second year, depending on GMFCS level and age. The PA and the hamstrings spasticity (Modified Ashworth scale (MAS)) were measured at every time point. Both legs were included in the analysis. Results There was an increase in PA with age for all three GMFCS levels with significant differences between the levels from 1 up to 8 years of age. At the age of 10 years there was no significant difference between GMFCS level II and III. At the age of 14 years all three GMFCS levels had a mean PA above 40° and there were no significant differences between the groups. The hamstrings spasticity scores for all the three GMFCS levels were at the lower end of the MAS (mean < 1+), however they were significantly different from each other until 8 years of age. The spasticity increased the first four years in all three GMFCS levels, thereafter the level I and II slightly increased, and level III slightly decreased, until the age of 15 years. Conclusion The present study showed an increasing PA during childhood. There were significantly different PAs between GMFCS level I, II and III up to 8 years of age. At the age of 14 years all levels showed a PA above 40°. The spasticity increased up to 4 years of age, but all the spasticity scores were at the lower end of the MAS during childhood.

• Berg, Bjørnar; Roos, Ewa M.; Englund, Martin; Kise, Nina Jullum; Tiulpin, Aleksei & Saarakkala, Simo [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Development of osteoarthritis in patients with degenerative meniscal tears treated with exercise therapy or surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. ISSN 1063-4584. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.01.020. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective: To evaluate progression of individual radiographic features 5 years following exercise therapy or arthroscopic partial meniscectomy as treatment for degenerative meniscal tear. Design: Randomized controlled trial including 140 adults, aged 35–60 years, with a magnetic resonance image verified degenerative meniscal tear, and 96% without definite radiographic knee osteoarthritis. Participants were randomized to either 12-weeks of supervised exercise therapy or arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. The primary outcome was between-group difference in progression of tibiofemoral joint space narrowing and marginal osteophytes at 5 years, assessed semi-quantitatively by the OARSI atlas. Secondary outcomes included incidence of radiographic knee osteoarthritis and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis, medial tibiofemoral fixed joint space width (quantitatively assessed), and patient-reported outcome measures. Statistical analyses were performed using a full analysis set. Per protocol and as treated analysis were also performed. Results: The risk ratios (95% CI) for progression of semi-quantitatively assessed joint space narrowing and medial and lateral osteophytes for the surgery group were 0.89 (0.55–1.44), 1.15 (0.79–1.68) and 0.77 (0.42–1.42), respectively, compared to the exercise therapy group. In secondary outcomes (full-set analysis) no statistically significant between-group differences were found. Conclusion: The study was inconclusive with respect to potential differences in progression of individual radiographic features after surgical and non-surgical treatment for degenerative meniscal tear. Further, we found no strong evidence in support of differences in development of incident radiographic knee osteoarthritis or patient-reported outcomes between exercise therapy and arthroscopic partial meniscectomy.

• Fosdahl, Merete Aarsland; Jahnsen, Reidun Birgitta; Beyer, Kristin Kvalheim & Holm, Inger (2019). Stretching and progressive resistance exercise in children with cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled trial. Pediatric Physical Therapy. ISSN 0898-5669. 31(3), s. 264–271. doi: 10.1097/PEP.0000000000000616. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holm, Inger; Risberg, May Arna; Roos, Ewa M. & Skou, Søren Thorgaard (2019). A pragmatic approach to the implementation of osteoarthritis guidelines has fewer potential barriers than recommended implementation frameworks. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. ISSN 0190-6011. 49(1), s. 1–4. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2019.0601. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Translating evidence-based treatment recommendations and guidelines into feasible delivery in routine care is an essential objective to improve quality of care. Nevertheless, guidelines are underused, and many physical therapists and other professionals continue to offer low-value care modalities, providing the patients with treatment options of little to no benefit. In contrast to low-value interventions, evidence-based treatment guidelines for osteoarthritis (OA) recommend information, exercise, and weight control. The authors discuss the feasibility of a pragmatic approach to implementation of clinical guidelines that facilitates improved quality of care for management of OA

• Nilsson, Birgitta Blakstad; Lunde, Pernille & Holm, Inger (2019). Implementation and evaluation of the Norwegian Ullevaal model as a cardiac rehabilitation model in primary care. Disability and Rehabilitation. ISSN 0963-8288. 41(4), s. 481–488. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1397776. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  PURPOSE: To describe the Norwegian Ullevaal model, customised for cardiac patients in primary care, and to evaluate the feasibility of the model through patient outcomes after the 12 week outpatient cardiac rehabilitation programme. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive interventional cohort study with pre-post design. Patients referred to cardiac rehabilitation (n = 273) were enrolled. Group-based high-intensity interval training was offered twice weekly. The primary outcome measure was change in peak oxygen uptake. Quality of life was measured using the COOP-WONCA questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 87% completed the 12 weeks exercise based rehabilitation programme and there were no adverse events during testing or exercise training. Peak oxygen uptake improved significantly from 31.6 ± 7.5 to 34.1 ± 7.8 ml/kg/min. Mean difference was 4.1 ml/kg/min (95% confidence interval, 3.74.5). COOP-WONCA was significantly improved in all domains. CONCLUSIONS: The Norwegian Ullevaal model was effective and safe, and resulted in significant and clinically meaningful improvements in cardiopulmonary fitness and quality of life. Implications for rehabilitation Cardiac rehabilitation programmes giving at least 3.5 ml/kg/min improvements of peak oxygen uptake are shown to be beneficial. The detailed description of the Norwegian Ullevaal model, applied as a cardiac rehabilitation programme in primary care, may help clinicians with planning and initiating of group-based high intensity cardiac rehabilitation, as well as implementing evidence based science into practice. The findings from this study provide preliminary evidence in support of alternative exercise prescriptions compared to present modalities for cardiac rehabilitation in primary care.

• Skaaret, Ingrid; Steen, Harald; Huse, Ann-Britt & Holm, Inger (2019). Comparison of gait with and without ankle-foot orthoses after lower limb surgery in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Journal of Children's Orthopaedics. ISSN 1863-2521. 13(2), s. 180–189. doi: 10.1302/1863-2548.13.180146. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Molland, Ragnhild Susanne; Brox, Jens Ivar; Stuge, Britt; Holm, Inger; Riise, Rolf Bjarne & Kibsgård, Thomas (2019). Health related quality of life and physical activity after multiple-surgeries in patients with early onset scoliosis. Spine Deformity. ISSN 2212-134X. 7(6), s. 1010–1010. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Annexstad, Ellen Johanne; Fagerheim, Toril; Holm, Inger & Rasmussen, Magnhild (2019). Molecular and Clinical Characteristics of a National Cohort of Paediatric Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Patients in Norway. Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases. ISSN 2214-3599. 6(3), s. 349–359. doi: 10.3233/JND-190402. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: As new gene-related treatment options for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are being developed, precise information about the patients’ genetic diagnosis and knowledge about the diversities of natural history in DMD is vital. Objective: To obtain detailed insight into the genetic and clinical characteristics of paediatric DMD in Norway. Methods: 94 boys with DMD, aged 0–18 years, were identified over a period of 3.5 years, yielding a national prevalence of 13.5×10–5 boys. 73 boys (78%) were recruited to full genetic and clinical or limited (genetic only) evaluation. Results: Molecular analysis disclosed 64% deletions, 18% duplications and 18% point mutations. The mean age of diagnosis was 3.9±2.0 years. 78% were treated with glucocorticoids from age 5.8±1.5 years. 23 boys (35%) had lost ambulation at an age of 10.7±2.0 years. 17% were treated for left ventricular dysfunction from age 12.1±3.0 years and 12% had received night-time non-invasive positive pressure ventilation from age 13.0±2.5 years. Conclusions: The distribution of mutation types and sites was similar to previous studies but with more duplications and fewer point mutations. Any genotype-phenotype correlations were not uncovered. The boys were diagnosed early but there is still diagnostic delay among boys presenting with late motor development. Glucocorticoid treatment was widespread, especially among the younger boys. The clinical results of this comprehensive nationwide study highlight the large variability of disease progression in DMD.

• Fosdahl, Merete Aarsland; Jahnsen, Reidun Birgitta; Beyer, Kristin Kvalheim & Holm, Inger (2019). Effect of a Combined Stretching and Strength Training Program on Gait Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy, GMFCS Level I & II: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Medicina. ISSN 1010-660X. 55(6). doi: 10.3390/medicina55060250. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background and objectives: Ambulant children with cerebral palsy (CP) often develop impaired gait, and reduced active knee extension is often a part of the problem. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a combined intervention program including stretching and progressive resistance exercise (PRE) targeting active knee extension on gait function, in children with spastic CP. Materials and methods: Thirty-seven children (21 boys, 16 girls, mean age 10.2 (±2.3) years), classified by Gross Motor Function Classification System I–III, were randomized to an intervention (n = 17) and a comparison group (n = 20). The intervention group received a 16-week combined exercise program (3 sessions per week) including stretching of hamstrings and PRE targeting the lower extremities, followed by a 16-week maintenance program (1 session per week). The comparison group received care as usual. Gait function was evaluated by three-dimensional gait analysis (3DGA); knee, hip and pelvic kinematics in the sagittal plane, step length and speed, Gait Deviation Index (GDI), and Six-Minute Walk test (6MWT) at 0, 16, and 32 weeks. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the intervention group and the comparison group for any of the gait parameters measured at 16 and 32 weeks. There was a significant increase in gait distance measured by 6MWT within both groups; however, no differences between the groups were found. Conclusion: A 16-week combined stretching and PRE program followed by a 16-week maintenance program did not improve gait function in ambulant children with CP.

• Annexstad, Ellen Johanne; Bollerslev, Jens; Westvik, Jostein; Myhre, A. G.; Godang, Kristin & Holm, Inger [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). The role of delayed bone age in the evaluation of stature and bone health in glucocorticoid treated patients With Duchenne muscular dystrophy. International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology. ISSN 1687-9848. 4. doi: 10.1186/s13633-019-0070-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Low bone mineral density and an increased risk of appendicular and vertebral fractures are well-established consequences of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and the risk of fractures is exacerbated by long-term glucocorticoid treatment. Monitoring of endocrine and skeletal health and timely intervention in at-risk patients is important in the management of children with DMD. Methods As part of the Norwegian Duchenne muscular dystrophy cohort study, we examined the skeletal maturation of 62 boys less than 18 years old, both currently glucocorticoid treated (n = 44), previously treated (n = 6) and naïve (n = 12). The relationship between bone age, height and bone mineral density (BMD) Z-scores was explored. Results The participants in the glucocorticoid treated group were short in stature and puberty was delayed. Bone age was significantly delayed, and the delay increased with age and duration of treatment. The difference in height between glucocorticoid treated and naïve boys was no longer significant when height was corrected for delayed skeletal maturation. Mean BMD Z-scores fell below − 2 before 12 years of age in the glucocorticoid treated group, with scores significantly correlated with age, duration of treatment and pubertal development. When BMD Z-scores were corrected for by retarded bone age, the increase in BMD Z-scores was significant for all age groups. Conclusion Our results suggest that skeletal maturation should be assessed in the evaluation of short stature and bone health in GC treated boys with DMD, as failing to consider delayed bone age leads to underestimation of BMD Z-scores and potentially overestimation of fracture risk.

• Risum, Kristine; Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Godang, Kristin; Selvaag, Anne Marit G; Hansen, Bjørge Hermann & Molberg, Øyvind [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Physical Fitness in Patients With Oligoarticular and Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic arthritis diagnosed in the era of biologics: A controlled cross-sectional study. Arthritis care & research. ISSN 2151-464X. 71(12), s. 1611–1620. doi: 10.1002/acr.23818. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øiestad, Britt Elin; Holm, Inger & Risberg, May Arna (2018). Return to pivoting sport after ACL reconstruction: association with osteoarthritis and knee function at the 15-year follow-up. British Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0306-3674. 52(18), s. 1199–1204. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-097718. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Objectives To examine the associations between return to pivoting sport following ACL reconstruction (ACLR) and knee osteoarthritis (OA), and self-reported knee symptoms, function and quality of life after 15 years. Methods Study sample included 258 participants with ACLR 15 years previously. Return to pivoting sport (handball, soccer and basketball) data were collected by interviews, and symptomatic OA was defined as Kellgren and Lawrence grade ≥2 plus almost daily knee pain in the last month. Self-reported symptoms, function and quality of life were assessed with the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. Adjusted regression models were used to analyse the associations between return to pivoting sport and OA (present or not), and self-reported outcomes. P values ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Two hundred and ten (81%) participants (57% men) with a mean age of 39.1 (±8.7) years completed the 15-year follow-up, and 109 (52%) had returned to pivoting sport. Returning to pivoting sport was associated with less symptomatic OA (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.89) and radiographic OA (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.98), adjusted for age, sex, combined injury, self-reported knee function, and time between injury and surgery. Those who returned to pivoting sport had better function in activities of daily living (ADL). Conclusion The participants with ACLR who returned to pivoting sport had lower odds of knee OA and better self-reported ADL function. Further investigation is required to understand the clinical significance of these findings.

• Molland, Ragnhild Susanne; Diep, Lien My; Brox, Jens Ivar; Stuge, Britt; Holm, Inger & Kibsgård, Thomas (2018). Reliability and Construct Validity of the Adapted Norwegian Version of the Early-Onset Scoliosis 24-item Questionnaire. JAAOS: Global Research & Reviews. ISSN 2474-7661. 2(7). doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-17-00066. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: The Early-Onset Scoliosis 24-item Questionnaire (EOSQ-24) reflects issues important for patients with early-onset scoliosis (EOS) and their parents. The aim of this study was to translate the original EOSQ-24 into Norwegian and to evaluate the resulting questionnaire’s reliability and construct validity. Methods: The EOSQ-24 was translated using a forwardbackward translation method, followed by an expert review. One hundred parents of a heterogenic group of patients with EOS answered the EOSQ-24 and scored Numeric Rating Scales (NRSs) to evaluate the children’s general health, pain, and physical function. Two weeks later, 55 parents (55%) answered the retest questionnaire. Data quality, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were assessed, including the minimal detectable change. Construct validity was evaluated by predefined hypotheses and correlations with NRS scores. Results: There were considerable ceiling (19.0% to 63.0%) and floor effects (zero to 26.0%). The internal consistency was excellent (Cronbacha = 0.95). The minimal detectable change for the EOSQ24 total score was 15.2 and ranged from 21.6 to 33.0 for the subdomains scores. The EOSQ-24 showed discriminate capabilities among patients with different etiology, treatment status, and severity of deformity. High correlations were found between the EOSQ-24 total score and the NRS scores for general health (r = 20.66), pain (r = 20.63), and physical function (r = 20.78). Conclusion: The Norwegian version of the EOSQ-24 has acceptable reliability and validity for measuring quality of life and caregiver burden among EOS children. The EOSQ-24 total score is acceptable for evaluation of these patients over time.

• Nilsson, Birgitta Blakstad; Lunde, Pernille; Grøgaard, Haakon Kiil & Holm, Inger (2018). Long-Term results of High-Intesity Exercise based Cardiac rehabilitation in Revascularized Patients for Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease. American Journal of Cardiology. ISSN 0002-9149. 121(1), s. 21–26. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.09.011. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Vaksvik, Tone; Røkkum, Magne & Holm, Inger (2018). Cold hypersensitivity after hand injuries. A prospective 7-year follow-up. Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. ISSN 2000-656X. 52(6), s. 363–366. doi: 10.1080/2000656X.2018.1520124. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skaaret, Ingrid; Steen, Harald; Terjesen, Terje & Holm, Inger (2018). Impact of ankle-foot orthoses on gait 1 year after lower limb surgery in children with bilateral cerebral palsy. Prosthetics and Orthotics International. ISSN 0309-3646. s. 1–9. doi: 10.1177/0309364618791615. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Different types of ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) are commonly used following lower limb surgery in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP). After 3-dimensional gait analysis one year postoperatively, many children are recommended continued use of AFOs. Our aims were to quantify the impact of AFOs on gait one year postoperatively and evaluate predictors for clinically important improvement. Study design: Prospective cohort study Methods: Thirty-four ambulating children with bilateral CP, mean age 11 years (range 6-17), 12 girls and 22 boys, were measured with 3-dimensional gait analysis preoperatively (barefoot) and one year postoperatively (barefoot and with AFOs). Outcome was evaluated using gait profile score (GPS), key kinematic, kinetic and temporal-spatial variables in paired sample comparisons. Logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors for clinically important improvement with orthoses (≥1.6° change in GPS). Results: Walking barefoot one year postoperatively, major improvements were seen in GPS and key variables. With AFOs there was significantly improved step length and velocity, additional moderate reduction/improvement in GPS and knee moments, and decreased stance ankle dorsiflexion compared to barefoot. Children using ground reaction AFOs (n=14) decreased stance knee flexion from 13.9° walking barefoot to 8.2° with orthoses. High GPS and more gait dysfunction preoperatively was a significant predictor of clinically important improvement walking with orthoses. Conclusion: The results indicate improved gait function walking with AFOs versus barefoot one year after lower limb surgery. Stronger impact of AFOs was found in children with more pronounced gait dysfunction preoperatively.

• Kaastad, Trine Sand; Tveter, Anne Therese; Steen, Harald & Holm, Inger (2017). Physical function and health-related quality of life in young adults with unilateral congenital lower-limb deficiencies. Journal of Children's Orthopaedics. ISSN 1863-2521. 11(5), s. 348–357. doi: 10.1302/1863-2548.11.170026. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Culvenor, Adam G.; Øiestad, Britt Elin; Holm, Inger; Gunderson, Ragnhild B.; Crossley, Kay M. & Risberg, May Arna (2017). Anterior knee pain following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction does not increase the risk of patellofemoral osteoarthritis at 15- and 20-year follow-ups. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. ISSN 1063-4584. 25(1), s. 30–33. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.09.012. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective: To prospectively evaluate the relationship between the presence or persistence of anterior knee pain (AKP) during the first 2-years following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA) at 15- and 20-years. Design: This study was ancillary to a long-term prospective cohort study of 221 participants following bone-patellar-tendon-bone ACLR. AKP was assessed at 1- and 2-years post-ACLR using part of the Cincinnati knee score with an additional pain location question (persistence defined as presence at both follow-ups). Radiographic PFOA (definite patellofemoral osteophyte) and symptomatic PFOA (patellofemoral osteophyte, with knee pain during past 4 weeks) was assessed at 15- and 20-years follow-up. We used generalized linear models with Poisson regression to assess the relationship between AKP and PFOA. Results: Of the 181 participants (82%) who were assessed at 15-years post-ACLR (age 39 ± 9 years; 42% female), 36 (24%) and 33 (22%) had AKP at 1- and 2-years, respectively, while 14 (8%) reported persistent AKP. Radiographic and symptomatic PFOA was observed at 15-years in 130 (72%) and 70 (39%) participants, respectively, and at 20-years in 115 (80%) and 60 (42%) participants, respectively. Neither the presence nor persistence of AKP at 1- and/or 2-years post-ACLR was associated with significantly higher risk of radiographic or symptomatic PFOA at 15- or 20-years (risk ratios <2.1). Conclusions: Although AKP and PFOA were prevalent, AKP does not appear to be associated with long-term PFOA following ACLR.

• Svege, Ida Charlott; Fernandes, Linda Maria; Nordsletten, Lars; Holm, Inger & Risberg, May Arna (2016). Long-term effect of exercise therapy and patient education on impairments and activity limitations in people with hip osteoarthritis: Secondary outcome analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Physical Therapy. ISSN 0031-9023. 96(6), s. 818–827. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20140520. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Vaksvik, Tone; Røkkum, Magne; Haugstvedt, Jan-Ragnar & Holm, Inger (2016). Small-to-moderate decreases in cold hypersensitivity up to 3 years after severe hand injuries: A prospective cohort study. Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. ISSN 2000-656X. 50(2), s. 74–79. doi: 10.3109/2000656X.2015.1089877. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Risberg, May Arna; Øiestad, Britt Elin; Gunderson, Ragnhild B.; Engebretsen, Lars; culvenor, adam & Aune, Arne Kristian [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Changes in Knee Osteoarthritis, Symptoms, and Function After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction : A 20-Year Prospective Follow-up Study. American Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0363-5465. 44(5), s. 1215–1224. doi: 10.1177/0363546515626539. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Progression of tibiofemoral (TF) and patellofemoral (PF) osteoarthritis (OA) and changes in knee function more than 15 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are not well understood. Purpose: To examine the progression of knee OA and changes in symptoms and function in isolated and combined injuries from 15 to 20 years after ACLR. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 210 subjects with ACLR were prospectively followed. At the 15- and 20-year follow-ups, radiographs were obtained and classified by the Kellgren and Lawrence (K-L) grading system. Symptoms and function were evaluated with the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) as well as isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength tests. Results: There were 168 subjects (80%) who returned for the 20-year follow-up, with a mean (±SD) age of 45 ± 9 years, mean body mass index of 27 ± 4, and median Tegner activity level of 4 (range, 0-9). The prevalence of radiographic TF and PF OA at the 20-year follow-up was 42% and 21%, respectively. Patients with ACL injuries and other combined injuries had significantly higher prevalence of radiographic TF OA compared with those who had isolated ACL injury (P < .0001). There was a 13% increase in radiographic TF OA (P = .001) and an 8% increase in PF OA (P = .015) from the 15- to the 20-year follow-up. A significant deterioration in knee symptoms and function was observed on the KOOS subscales (P ≤ .01), with the exception of quality of life (P = .14), as well as a decrease in quadriceps muscle strength and hamstring muscle strength (P < .0001). Conclusion: The prevalence of radiographic TF and PF OA was 42% and 21%, respectively. A significantly higher prevalence of TF OA was found for subjects with combined injuries compared with those who had isolated ACL injury. The majority of the subjects were stable radiographically over the 5 years between follow-ups. A statistically significant deterioration in symptoms and function was noted, but the mean changes were of questionable clinical importance.

• Vaksvik, Tone; Ruijs, Aleid C.J.; Røkkum, Magne & Holm, Inger (2016). Evaluation of a home treatment program for cold hypersensitivity using a classical conditioning procedure in patients with hand and arm injuries. Journal of Hand Therapy. ISSN 0894-1130. 29(1), s. 14–22. doi: 10.1016/j.jht.2015.09.002. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holm, Inger; Tveter, Anne Therese; Moseng, Tuva & Dagfinrud, Hanne (2015). Does outpatient physical therapy with the aim of improving health-related physical fitness influence the level of physical activity in patients with long-term musculoskeletal conditions? Physiotherapy. ISSN 0031-9406. 101(3), s. 273–278. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2014.11.005. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Almaas, Runar; Jensen, Unn; Loennecken, Marianne; Tveter, Anne Therese; Sanengen, Truls & Scholz, Tim [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). Impaired motor competence in children with transplanted liver. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN. ISSN 0277-2116. 60(6), s. 723–728. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000000757. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Vaksvik, Tone; Kjeken, Ingvild & Holm, Inger (2015). Self-management strategies used by patients who are hypersensitive to cold following a hand injury. A prospective study with two years follow-up. Journal of Hand Therapy. ISSN 0894-1130. 28(1), s. 46–52. doi: 10.1016/j.jht.2014.09.006. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nytrøen, Kari; Rustad, Lene Anette; Gude, Einar; Hallén, Jostein; Fiane, Arnt E & Rolid, Katrine [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Muscular exercise capacity and body fat predict VO2peak in heart transplant recipients. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology (EJPC). ISSN 2047-4873. 21(1), s. 21–29. doi: 10.1177/2047487312450540. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Heart transplant (HTx) recipients usually have reduced exercise capacity, with reported VO2peak levels of 50–70% of predicted values. This study aimed to evaluate central and peripheral factors predictive of VO2peak. Conclusions: Chronotropic incompetence is not a limiting factor for exercise capacity in a population of relatively fit HTx patients. The most significant predictors, representing only peripheral factors, are similar to those often determining VO2peak in healthy, non-athletic individuals. Our findings emphasize the importance of a low percentage of body fat and high muscular exercise capacity in order to attain a sufficient VO2peak level after HTx.

• Risberg, May Arna; Øiestad, Britt Elin; Gunderson, R; Engebretsen, Lars; Aune, Arne Kristian & Fosdahl, M [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Endring i kneartrose og funksjon hos fremre korsbåndsopererte - en 20 års prospektiv studie. I Drogset, Jon Olav (Red.), Høstmøteboken : vitenskapelig program og abstrakter 2014. Norsk ortopedisk forening. s. 215–215. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Moseng, Tuva; Tveter, Anne Therese; Holm, Inger & Dagfinrud, Hanne (2014). Patients with musculoskeletal conditions do less vigorous physical activity and have poorer physical fitness than population controls: a cross-sectional study. Physiotherapy. ISSN 0031-9406. 100(4), s. 319–324. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2013.11.005. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tveter, Anne Therese; Dagfinrud, Hanne; Moseng, Tuva & Holm, Inger (2014). Measuring Health-Related Physical Fitness in Physiotherapy Practice: Reliability, Validity, and Feasibility of Clinical Field Tests and a Patient-Reported Measure. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. ISSN 0190-6011. 44(3), s. 206–216. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2014.5042. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tveter, Anne Therese; Dagfinrud, Hanne; Moseng, Tuva & Holm, Inger (2014). Health-Related Physical Fitness Measures: Reference Values and Reference Equations for Use in Clinical Practice. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. ISSN 0003-9993. 95(7), s. 1366–1373. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.02.016. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holm, Inger; Tveter, Anne Therese; Aulie, Vibeke Smith & Stuge, Britt (2013). High intra- and inter-rater chance variation of the movement assessment battery for children 2, ageband 2. Research in Developmental Disabilities. ISSN 0891-4222. 34(2), s. 795–800. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.11.002. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øiestad, Britt Elin; Holm, Inger; Engebretsen, Lars; Aune, Arne Kristian; Gundersen, Ragnhild B. & Risberg, May Arna (2013). The prevalence of patellofemoral osteoarthritis 12 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. ISSN 0942-2056. 21(4), s. 942–949. doi: 10.1007/s00167-012-2161-9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of patellofemoral osteoarthritis (OA) and to explore the association between radiographic patellofemoral OA and symptoms and function 12 years after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Methods: The study participants (n = 221) were consecutively included at the time of an ACL reconstruction in the period from 1990 to 1997. Knee laxity (KT-1000), isokinetic quadriceps strength, triple jump, stair hop, and the Cincinnati knee score were measured 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 12 years after surgery. At the 12-year follow-up, visual analogue scale for pain, the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, the Tegner activity scale, and radiographic examination (Kellgren and Lawrence score) were added. To analyse the association between patellofemoral OA, symptoms, and function, binary regression analyses presenting odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals were used. The analyses were adjusted for age, gender, and body mass index. Results: One hundred and eighty-one of the 221 subjects (82 %), including 76 females (42 %) and 105 males (58 %), were evaluated at the 12.3 ± 1.2-year follow-up. Mean age at the follow-up was 39.1 ± 8.7 years. Additional meniscal or chondral injuries at the time of reconstruction or during the follow-up period were detected in 116 subjects (64 %). Radiographic patellofemoral OA was found in 48 subjects (26 %), including 3 subjects with isolated patellofemoral OA (1.5 %). Those with patellofemoral OA were older, had more tibiofemoral OA, and had significantly more symptoms and impaired function compared with those without patellofemoral OA. Conclusions: Patellofemoral OA was found in 26 % 12 years after ACL reconstruction. Patellofemoral OA was associated with increased age, tibiofemoral OA, increased symptoms, and reduced function. It is of clinical importance to include functional and radiographic assessment of the patellofemoral joint in the examination of long-term consequences following an ACL reconstruction.

• Holm, Inger; Øiestad, Britt Elin; Risberg, May Arna; Gundersen, Ragnhild B. & Aune, Arne Kristian (2012). No differences in prevalence of osteoarthritis or function after open versus endoscopic technique for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction 12-year follow-up report of a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0363-5465. 40(11), s. 2492–2498. doi: 10.1177/0363546512458766. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Froholdt, Anne; Reikerås, Olav; Holm, Inger; Keller, Anne & Brox, Jens Ivar (2012). No difference in 9-year outcome in CLBP patients randomized to lumbar fusion versus cognitive intervention and exercises. European spine journal. ISSN 0940-6719. 21(12), s. 2531–2538. doi: 10.1007/s00586-012-2382-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Moseng, Tuva; Tveter, Anne Therese; Holm, Inger & Dagfinrud, Hanne (2012). Pasient-Spesifikk Funksjons Skala: Et nyttig verktøy for fysioterapeuter i primærhelsetjenesten. Fysioterapeuten. ISSN 0016-3384. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nytrøen, Kari; Rustad, Lene Anette; Aukrust, Pål; Ueland, Thor; Hallén, Jostein & Holm, Inger [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2012). High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Peak Oxygen Uptake and Muscular Exercise Capacity in Heart Transplant Recipients. American Journal of Transplantation. ISSN 1600-6135. 12(11), s. 3134–3142. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04221.x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Johanessen, Anne Froholdt; Holm, Inger; Keller, Anne; Gundersen, Ragnhild B.; Reikerås, Olav & Brox, Jens Ivar (2011). No difference in long-term trunk muscle strength, cross-sectional area, and density in patients with chronic low back pain 7 to 11 years after lumbar fusion versus cognitive intervention and exercises. The spine journal. ISSN 1529-9430. 11(8), s. 718–725. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2011.06.004. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øiestad, Britt Elin; Holm, Inger; Engebretsen, Lars & Risberg, May Arna (2011). The association between radiographic knee osteoarthritis and knee symptoms, function and quality of life 10-15 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. British Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0306-3674. 45(7), s. 583–588. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.073130. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Jamtvedt, Gro; Dahm, Kristin Thuve; Holm, Inger; Odgaard-Jensen, Jan & Flottorp, Signe Agnes (2010). Choice of treatment modalities was not influenced by pain, severity or co-morbidity in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Physiotherapy Research International. ISSN 1358-2267. doi: 10.1002/pri.452. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) are commonly treated by physiotherapists in primary care. The physiotherapists use different treatment modalities. In a previous study, we identified variation in the use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), low level laser or acupuncture, massage and weight reduction advice for patients with knee OA. The purpose of this study was to examine factors that might explain variation in treatment modalities for patients with knee OA.

• Nesvold, Inger-Lise Hatlinghus; Fosså, Sophie Dorothea; Holm, Inger; Naume, Bjørn & Dahl, Alv A (2010). Arm/shoulder problems in breast cancer survivors are associated with reduced health and poorer physical quality of life. Acta Oncologica. ISSN 0284-186X. 49(3), s. 347–353. doi: 10.3109/02841860903302905. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eitzen, Ingrid; Eitzen, TJ; Holm, Inger; Snyder-Mackler, L. & Risberg, May Arna (2010). Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Potential Copers and Noncopers Reveal Different Isokinetic Quadriceps Strength Profiles in the Early Stage After Injury. American Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0363-5465. 38(3), s. 586–593. doi: 10.1177/0363546509349492. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holm, Inger; Øiestad, Britt Elin; Risberg, May Arna & Aune, Arne Kristian (2010). No Difference in Knee Function or Prevalence of Osteoarthritis After Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament With 4-Strand Hamstring Autograft Versus Patellar Tendon-Bone Autograft A Randomized Study With 10-Year Follow-up. American Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0363-5465. 38(3), s. 448–454. doi: 10.1177/0363546509350301. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

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• Tveter, Anne Therese & Holm, Inger (2010). Influence of thigh muscle strength and balance on hop length in one-legged hopping in children aged 7-12 years. Gait & Posture. ISSN 0966-6362. 32(2), s. 259–262. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.05.009. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Brox, Jens Ivar; Nygaard, Øystein Petter; Keller, Anne; Ingebrigtsen, Tor; Reikerås, Olav & Holm, Inger (2010). Four-year follow-up of surgical versus non-surgical therapy for chronic low back pain. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. ISSN 0003-4967. 69(9), s. 1643–1648. doi: 10.1136/ard.2009.108902. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Brox, Jens Ivar; Nygaard, Øystein Petter; Holm, Inger; Keller, Anne; Ingebrigtsen, Tor & Reikerås, Olav (2010). Four-year follow-up of surgical versus non-surgical therapy for chronic low back pain. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. ISSN 0003-4967. 69(9), s. 1643–1648. doi: 10.1136/ard.2009.108902. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øiestad, Britt Elin; Holm, Inger; Gundersen, Ragnhild B.; Myklebust, Grethe; Risberg, May Arna & Øiestad, Britt Elin (2010). Quadriceps Muscle Weakness After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Risk Factor for Knee Osteoarthritis? Arthritis Care and Research. ISSN 0893-7524. 62(12), s. 1706–1714. doi: 10.1002/acr.20299. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective To identify risk factors for knee osteoarthritis (OA) 10-15 years after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. We hypothesized that quadriceps muscle weakness after ACL reconstruction would be a risk factor for radiographic and symptomatic radiographic knee OA 10-15 years later. Methods Subjects with ACL reconstruction (n = 258) were followed for 10-15 years. Subjects with unilateral injury at the 10-15-year followup were included in the present study. Outcomes included the Cincinnati knee score, knee joint laxity, hop performance, and isokinetic muscle strength tests at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively. At the 10-15-year followup, radiographs were taken and graded according to the Kellgren/Lawrence classification (range 0-4). Results Of the 212 subjects (82%) assessed at the 10-15-year followup, 164 subjects had unilateral injury. The mean ± SD age at ACL reconstruction was 27.4 ± 8.5 years. Increased age (odds ratio [OR] 1.06, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.01-1.11) and meniscal injury and/or chondral lesion (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.00-4.20) showed significantly higher odds for radiographic knee OA. Low self-reported knee function 2 years postoperatively (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92-0.98) and loss of quadriceps strength between the 2-year and the 10-15-year followup (OR 1.00, 95% CI 1.00-1.01) showed significantly higher odds for symptomatic radiographic knee OA. Quadriceps muscle weakness after ACL reconstruction was not significantly associated with knee OA. Conclusion This study detected no association between quadriceps weakness after ACL reconstruction and knee OA as measured 10-15 years later.

• Øiestad, BE; Holm, Inger; Engebretsen, Lars & Risberg, May Arna (2010). The association between radiographic knee osteoarthritis and knee symptoms, function and quality of life 10-15 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. British Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0306-3674. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Jamtvedt, Gro; Dahm, Kristin Thuve; Holm, Inger; Odegaard-Jensen, Jan & Flottorp, Signe (2010). Choice of treatment modalities was not influenced bu pain, severity or co-morbidity in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Physiotherapy Research International. ISSN 1358-2267. 15, s. 16–23. doi: 10.1002/pri.452. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Vaksvik, Tone; Hetland, Karl Reinert; Røkkum, Magne & Holm, Inger (2009). Cold hypersensitivity 6 to 10 years after replantation or revascularisation of fingers: consequences for work and leisure activities. Journal of Hand Surgery - British and European Volume. ISSN 0266-7681. 34E(1), s. 12–17. doi: 10.1177/1753193408094440. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Jamtvedt, Gro; Dahm, Kristin Thuve; Holm, Inger; Odegaard-Jensen, J & Flottorp, S (2009). Choice of treatment modalities was not influenced by pain, severity or co-morbidity in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Physiotherapy Research International. ISSN 1358-2267. doi: 10.1002/pri.452. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Løken, Sverre Bertrand; Ludvigsen, Tom C; Høysveen, T.; Holm, Inger; Engebretsen, Lars & Reinholt, Finn P. (2009). Autologous chondrocyte implantation to repair knee cartilage injury: ultrastructural evaluation at 2 years and long-term follow-up including muscle strength measurements. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. ISSN 0942-2056. 17(11), s. 1278–1288. doi: 10.1007/s00167-009-0854-5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eitzen, Ingrid; Risberg, May Arna & Holm, Inger (2009). Preoperative quadriceps strength is a significant predictor of knee function two years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. British Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0306-3674. 43(5), s. 371–376. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2008.057059. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Brox, Jens Ivar; Nygaard, Øystein P.; Holm, Inger; Keller, Anne; Ingebrigtsen, T & Reikerås, Olav (2009). Four-year follow-up of surgical versus non-surgical therapy for chronic low back pain. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. ISSN 0003-4967. doi: 10.1136/ard.2009.108902. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Risberg, May Arna & Holm, Inger (2009). The Long-term Effect of 2 Postoperative Rehabilitation Programs After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial With 2 Years of Follow-Up. American Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0363-5465. 37(10), s. 1958–1966. doi: 10.1177/0363546509335196. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holm, Inger; Tveter, Anne Therese; Fredriksen, Per Morten & Vøllestad, Nina Køpke (2009). A normative sample of gait and hopping on one leg parameters in children 7-12 years of age. Gait & Posture. ISSN 0966-6362. 29(2), s. 317–321. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.09.016. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  BACKGROUND: Accomplishment of a series of successive hops is an advanced motor skill and requires adequate timing and coordination. Hopping on one leg performance might therefore be a more sensitive test with higher discriminatory power than ordinary gait in evaluating motor competence both in healthy and diseased children. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to develop a normative sample on walking at a normalized speed of 1.5m/s and hopping on one leg parameters in children 7-12 years of age, and to evaluate the influence of age and gender on the different parameters. METHOD: 360 girls and boys between 7 and 12 years participated in the study. All data were collected using the GAITRite((R)) system. The children were instructed to walk at four different speeds and to hop on either leg with as long serial jumps as possible across the whole walkway. RESULTS: There was an increase in absolute step length of 15% from 7 to 12 years of age. However, for normalized step length there was no increase. The total increase in absolute and normalized hop length from 7 to 12 years was 64% and 36%, respectively. Multiple regression analysis displayed a significant increase for absolute and normalized hopping length with age. CONCLUSION: While step length only showed a small increase from 7 to 12 years of age, hop length showed significant increase both in absolute and normalized values. The variability, however, was large, indicating that a normative sample of hop length measurements includes a wide range of values for each age group.

• Risberg, May Arna; Moksnes, H.; Storevold, A.; Holm, Inger & Snyder-Mackler, L. (2009). Rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament injury influences joint loading during walking but not hopping. British Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0306-3674. 43(6), s. 423–428. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2008.056846. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Lindberg, Maren Falch; Aamodt, Arild; Badawy, Mona; Bergvad, Ingvild Buset; Furnes, Ove Nord & Gay, Caryl [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Education, exercise therapy and iCBT for patients with knee osteoarthritis - the MultiKnee trial. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rognsvåg, Turid; Lindberg, Maren Falch; Lerdal, Anners; Furnes, Ove Nord; stubberud, jan & Holm, Inger [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Development of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy program for use in combination with exercise therapy and education by patients at increased risk of chronic pain following total knee arthroplasty. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Berg, Bjørnar; Roos, Ewa M.; Kise, Nina Jullum; Engebretsen, Lars; Holm, Inger & Risberg, May Arna (2021). Muskelstyrke og artroseprogresjon etter kirurgi eller treningsterapi for degenerative meniskrupturer: Sekundæranalyse av en randomisert studie. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lindberg, Maren Falch; Rognsvåg, Turid; Badawy, Mona; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Furnes, Ove & Gay, Caryl [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Optimal behandling av artrosepasienter - en feasibilitystudie (MultiKnee trial). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Risum, Kristine; Godang, Kristin; Selvaag, Anne Marit; Hansen, Bjørge Hermann; Molberg, Øyvind & Bollerslev, Jens [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Suboptimal muscle strength and bone health in patients with oligo- and polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis diagnosed in the era of biologics. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Risberg, May Arna; Tryggestad, C; Nordsletten, Lars; Engebretsen, Lars & Holm, Inger (2018). Active living with osteoarthritis - implementation of evidence-based guidelines as first-line treatment for patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øiestad, Britt Elin; Holm, Inger & Risberg, May Arna (2018). RETUR TIL VRIDNINGSIDRETT ETTER FREMRE KORSBÅNDSREKONSTRUKSJON: SAMMENHENG MED ARTROSE OG KNEFUNKSJON ETTER 15 ÅR. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holm, Inger (2018). Aktiv med artrose. Utposten. ISSN 0800-5680. 3, s. 22–23. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Risberg, May Arna; Holm, Inger; Engebretsen, Lars & Nordsletten, Lars (2018). Pakkeforløp for pasienter med muskel- og skjelettplager? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 138(17). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0709. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rognsvåg, Turid; Lindberg, Maren Falch; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Furnes, Ove; Gay, Caryl & Holm, Inger [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Multi-Knee Trial. En feasibilty-studie av en intervensjon for artrosepasienter med økt risiko for langvarige smerter etter operasjon med kneprotese. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Molland, Ragnhild Susanne; Diep, Lien My; Brox, Jens Ivar; Stuge, Britt; Holm, Inger & Kibsgård, Thomas (2017). Discriminative characteristics of the Early Onset Scoliosis-24-item Questionnaire (EOSQ-24) and its usefulness in follow-up examinations. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Østerås, Nina; Hagen, Kåre Birger; Holm, Inger & Risberg, May Arna (2017). Samarbeid for bedre artrosebehandling. 84(3), s. 32–34. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øiestad, Britt Elin; Holm, Inger & Risberg, May Arna (2017). Return to pivoting sport after ACL reconstruction: association with osteoarthritis and knee function at 15 years. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øiestad, Britt Elin; Holm, Inger & Risberg, May Arna (2017). Retur til vridningsidrett etter fremre korsbåndsrekonstruksjon: sammenheng med artrose og knefunksjon etter 15 år. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kaastad, Trine Sand; Tveter, Anne Therese; Steen, Harald & Holm, Inger (2016). The Birch Classification for Congenital Fibular Deficiency can Predict Treatment Modality and Clinical Outcome in Young Adults with Congenital Lower-Limb Deficiencies. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øiestad, Britt Elin; Holm, Inger; Gunderson, Ragnhild B.; Engebretsen, Lars & Risberg, May Arna (2016). Risk factorsfor progression of radiographic osteoarthritis and functional decline from 15 to 20 years after ACL reconstruction. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Annexstad, Ellen Johanne; Westvik, Jostein; Myhre, Anne Grethe; Bollerslev, Jens; Holm, Inger & Rasmussen, Magnhild (2015). The evaluation of bone age in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy on long-term glucocorticoid treatment. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Risberg, May Arna; Øiestad, Britt Elin; Gunderson, R; Engebretsen, Lars; Aune, Arne Kristian & Fosdahl, M [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Endring i kneartrose og funksjon hos fremre korsbåndsopererte - en 20 års prospektiv studie. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Risberg, May Arna; Øiestad, Britt Elin; Gunderson, R; Engebretsen, Lars; Aune, Arne Kristian & Fosdahl, M [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Progression of knee OA after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A 20 year prospective follow-up study after ACL reconstruction. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. ISSN 0942-2056. 22, s. S24–S24. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Risberg, May Arna; Øiestad, Britt Elin; Gunderson, R; Engebretsen, Lars; Aune, Arne Kristian & Fosdahl, M [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Progression of knee OA after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A 20 year prospective follow-up study after ACL reconstruction. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Risberg, May Arna; Øiestad, Britt Elin; Gunderson, Ragnhild B.; Engebretsen, Lars; Aune, Arne Kristian & Fosdahl, MA [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Endring i kneartrose og funksjon hos fremre korsbåndsopererte - en 20 års prospektiv studie. Norsk idrettsmedisin. ISSN 0806-9328. s. 19–19. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Risberg, May Arna; Øiestad, Britt Elin; Gunderson, Ragnhild B.; Engebretsen, Lars; Aune, Arne Kristian & Fosdahl, MA [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Endring i kneartrose og funksjon hos fremre korsbåndsopererte - en 20 års prospektiv studie. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øiestad, Britt Elin; Holm, Inger; Engebretsen, Lars; Aune, Arne Kristian; Gundersen, Ragnhild B. & Risberg, May Arna (2012). Forekomst av patellofemoral artrose etter fremre korsbåndsrekonstruksjon. Norsk idrettsmedisin. ISSN 0806-9328. 27(4), s. 18–19. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nytrøen, Kari; Rustad, Lene Anette; Gude, Einar; Fiane, Arnt E; Rolid, K. & Holm, Inger [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2012). A Strong Thigh Can Make VO2 Go High - Predictors of VO2 (peak) in Heart Transplant Recipients. The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. ISSN 1053-2498. 31(4), s. S173–S173. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holm, Inger; Risberg, May Arna; Engebretsen, Lars; Gundersen, R & Aune, AK (2011). Åpen versus endoskopisk rekonstruksjon av fremre korsbånd, en randomisert studie med 12 års oppfølging. Norsk idrettsmedisin. ISSN 0806-9328. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holm, Inger; Risberg, May Arna; Engebretsen, Lars; Gundersen, R & Aune, AK (2011). Åpen versus endoskopisk rekonstruksjon av fremre korsbånd, en randomisert studie med 12 års oppfølging. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øiestad, Britt Elin; Holm, Inger; Aune, Arne Kristian; Gundersen, Ragnhild B.; Myklebust, Grethe & Engebretsen, Lars [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2011). Letter to the Editor: Knee Function and Prevalence of Knee Osteoarthritis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (Author's response) A Prospective Study With 10 to 15 Years of Follow-up. American Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0363-5465. 39(4), s. NP3–NP4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Risum, Kristine & Holm, Inger (2011). Norwegian children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) have the same level of physical activity as healthy children. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology. ISSN 0392-856X. 29(2), s. 385–385. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Blaker, Irma Brandeggen & Holm, Inger (2010). PREOPERATIVE STATUS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PRIMARY TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. ISSN 1063-4584. 18, s. S139–S140. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øiestad, Britt Elin; Holm, Inger & Risberg, May Arna (2010). THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN RADIOGRAPHIC KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS AND KNEE SYMPTOMS, FUNCTION, AND QUALITY OF LIFE 10-15 YEARS AFTER ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. ISSN 1063-4584. 18, s. S131–S131. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Aune, Arne Kristian; Engebretsen, Lars; Fosdahl, Merete; Gunderson, Ragnhild B.; Holm, Inger & Myklebust, Grethe [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2009). Funksjon og artroseutvikling etter fremre korsbåndsrekonstruksjon. 10-15 års oppfølgingsstudie. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Aune, Arne Kristian; Engebretsen, Lars; Fosdahl, Merete; Gunderson, Ragnhild B.; Holm, Inger & Myklebust, Grethe [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2009). Funksjon og artroseutvikling etter fremre korsbåndsrekonstruksjon. 10-15 års oppfølgingsstudie. Norsk idrettsmedisin. ISSN 0806-9328. s. 33–33. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Aune, Arne Kristian; Engebretsen, Lars; Fosdahl, Merete; Gunderson, Ragnhild B.; Holm, Inger & Myklebust, Grethe [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2009). Funksjon og artroseutvikling etter fremre korsbåndsrekonstruksjon. 10-15 års oppfølgingsstudie. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Aune, Arne Kristian; Engebretsen, Lars; Fosdahl, Merete; Gunderson, Ragnhild B.; Holm, Inger & Myklebust, Grethe [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2009). Funksjon og artroseutvikling etter fremre korsbåndsrekonstruksjon. 10-15 års oppfølgingsstudie. Norges idrettshøgskole. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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