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Siste publikasjoner fra Medisinsk fakultet
De siste 20 vitenskapelige publikasjonene fra Medisinsk fakultet som er registrert i Cristin (Current Research Information System in Norway).
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Zosen, Denis
(2026).
The writable window: division-coupled DNA recorders carry a built-in early bias in human cortical organoids.
zenodo.
doi:
10.5281/ZENODO.23375595.
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DNA recorders write signalling and lineage history into the genome for sequencing to recover later. They were built in rapidly dividing cell lines and characterised over days. Asking when a chemical perturbs human brain development instead means running a recorder for several months in a tissue that changes while it is measured: neural progenitors divide, give rise to neurons, and leave the cell cycle permanently, so the dividing population shrinks throughout. To learn what such an experiment can resolve, I modelled a branching progenitor population coupled to sequential writing into a tandem array.
Because writing happens at division, a recorder falls silent long before the experiment ends. Half of all symbols are written before day 27 of 150, and a cell is 5.3-fold more likely to record a one-day exposure given on day 15 than on day 75, a ratio that runs from 1.5 to 6.6 across parameterisations of the tissue, and 2.4 under the spread that matches measured clonal structure. An experiment comparing exposures at several developmental stages therefore carries a built-in gradient shaped like the window it is meant to detect, and a genuine five-fold late window comes back flat. Of seven mechanisms that might remove the gradient, tested as 14 arms across 50 simulated populations, eight arms move it detectably and none removes it. Gliogenesis, the one mechanism that restores proliferation rather than redistributing it, blunts it by a tenth to a seventh depending on when the switch falls. A writer decoupled from division entirely gives a gradient of 1, so the whole of the effect is the coupling. Held at a fixed writing rate, the recording model also reproduces, without refitting, the array occupancy measured in one published mouse embryo, which tests the writing chemistry, but not the writable window. Records are clonally correlated, so precision comes from cultures and founder lineages, not sequencing depth.
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Onsaker, Asbjørn Lund; Vlieg, Astrid van Hylckama; Ueland, Thor; Aukrust, Pål; Brækkan, Sigrid Kufaas & Hansen, John Bjarne
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(2026).
Plasma levels of adiponectin and risk of future incident venous thromboembolism.
Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis.
ISSN 1538-7933.
24(10),
s. 3702–3710.
doi:
10.1016/j.jtha.2026.07.023.
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Hofstad, Tore; Nyttingnes, Olav; Blindheim, Anne Alnes; Håheim, Eirik; Aarre, Trond F. & Rugkåsa, Jorun
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(2026).
Long-term health, criminal justice, and socioeconomic outcomes among people subject to compulsory mental health care in Norway: a nationwide registry cohort study.
The Lancet Psychiatry.
ISSN 2215-0374.
13(11),
s. 930–930.
doi:
10.1016/s2215-0366(26)00275-0.
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Evidence on long-term outcomes following compulsory mental health care remains limited, particularly beyond hospital readmission and service use. This nationwide Norwegian registry cohort study examined health, criminal justice, and socioeconomic outcomes among 321,708 individuals aged 18–65 years. Participants were classified into five mutually exclusive groups based on care received during 2015–2016: community treatment orders (CTOs), compulsory hospitalisation without CTOs, compulsory observation without compulsory hospitalisation or CTOs, voluntary specialist mental health care, and general population comparators without specialist mental health-care contact during the inclusion period. Linked national registries provided follow-up through 2021–2023, depending on the outcome. Regression analyses estimated sex-specific outcome probabilities adjusted for birth year.
All three compulsory care groups experienced substantially poorer long-term outcomes than the voluntary care and general population groups, including higher mortality, self-harm or suicide, substance use disorders, victimisation, criminal justice involvement, and socioeconomic disadvantage. However, outcome profiles differed considerably between compulsory care groups. The compulsory observation group had the highest adjusted probabilities of self-harm or suicide, substance use disorder, and victimisation. The CTO group showed particularly pronounced socioeconomic disadvantage, with adjusted probabilities of disability benefit receipt of 89% among female participants and 93% among male participants. Nevertheless, a substantial minority of disability benefit recipients across compulsory care groups also had employment income.
The findings demonstrate that legally defined compulsory care groups represent distinct prognostic populations with different long-term support needs. They provide benchmarks for service planning and highlight the importance of coordinated mental health, substance use, housing, welfare, and vocational support. The study is descriptive and prognostic; observed differences may reflect pre-existing clinical and social circumstances and cannot establish the causal effects of compulsory care.
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Thomassen, Jesper Qvist; Leonard, Hampton; Ulms, Brittany; Grenier-Boley, Benjamin; Heikkinen, Sami & Garcia-González, Pablo
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(2026).
APOE-stratified genome-wide association analyses provide insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimers’s disease.
Nature Genetics.
ISSN 1061-4036.
58(10),
s. 2484–2484.
doi:
10.1038/s41588-026-02713-9.
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Among the more than 90 identified genetic risk loci for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias, the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4 polymorphisms remain the longstanding benchmark for genetic disease risk with a consistently large effect across studies1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. Despite this massive signal, the exact mechanisms by which ɛ4 increases and ɛ2 decreases dementia risk remain poorly understood. Notably, recent trials of anti-amyloid therapies suggest less efficacy and higher risks of severe side effects in ε4 carriers11,12,13, hampering the treatment of those with the highest unmet need. To improve our understanding of the genetic architecture of AD in the context of its main genetic driver, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWASs) stratified by ε4 and ε2 carrier status. HP1BP3, SLC50A1, PTPRC, NPAS3, DDHD1, CHST9, SMYD2, PRAMEF1 and GFRA1 emerged as new genomic signals for AD risk, appearing only when stratified by APOE carrier status. DDHD1 appeared especially promising, showing protective effects in ε4 carriers, being identified as an expression quantitative trait locus and being involved in rare neuronal diseases. Such APOE-stratified insights may help understand and overcome side effects, inform clinical trial enrollment strategies, and create the scientific basis for targeted, mechanism-driven therapies in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Hussaini, Parwana; Larsen, Trine-Lise; Ghanima, Waleed & Dahm, Anders Erik Astrup
(2026).
Clinical significance of symptomatic and incidental venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer treated with apixaban.
Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis (RPTH).
10(7).
doi:
10.1016/j.rpth.2026.106968.
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Edholm, David; Kauppila, Joonas H.; Achiam, Michael P.; Kempf, Oliver Nørholm; Hauge, Tobias & Lindblad, Mats
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(2026).
Incidence of lymph node metastases in pT1 chemo- and radiotherapy-naïve esophageal and gastric cancer in the Nordic countries: a retrospective multinational cohort analysis.
Diseases of the esophagus.
ISSN 1120-8694.
39(5),
s. 1–9.
doi:
10.1093/dote/doag105.
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Gjesdal, Kine; Skurtveit, Svetlana Ondrasova; Djuv, Ane; Paulsen, Aksel; Rolová, Gabriela & Sevild, Cille
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(2026).
Changes in health literacy following participation in a multidisciplinary primary care intervention for people with chronic pain: a longitudinal cohort study.
Scandinavian Journal of Pain.
ISSN 1877-8860.
26(1).
doi:
10.1515/sjpain-2026-0034.
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Abstract Background Chronic pain is a global public health issue, severely affecting quality of life, functional capacity, and healthcare resources. Effective management requires adequate health literacy, yet limited health literacy is associated with greater pain burden and poorer outcomes. This underlines the need for interventions that can strengthen patients’ health literacy skills. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate longitudinal changes in health literacy following participation in a multidisciplinary primary care pain management intervention. Methods This longitudinal study reports health literacy outcomes from a multidisciplinary, personalized pain management intervention that was developed in accordance with the Medical Research Council framework. Forty-three participants with chronic non-cancer pain completed the full intervention. Health literacy was measured using the Norwegian version of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) at baseline, midpoint, and post-intervention. Changes over time were analyzed using paired-sample t-tests. Results Statistically significant improvements were observed in five HLQ domains from baseline to midpoint and in eight domains from baseline to post-intervention. “Having sufficient information to manage my health” showed the largest increase among Domains 1–5, whereas “Navigating the healthcare system” showed the largest increase among Domains 6–9 and improved significantly across all time-point comparisons. Conclusion Participants demonstrated improvements in several dimensions of health literacy during participation in the intervention, particularly in domains related to having sufficient information to manage health and active self-management. These findings support further investigation of tailored, multidisciplinary approaches to strengthening health literacy among people with chronic pain. Trial registration NCT05828121 Date: 04-25-2023.
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Bukten, Anne; Mehlum, Lars; Fazel, Seena; Lokdam, Nicoline Toresen; Tverborgvik, Torill & Skurtveit, Svetlana Ondrasova
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(2026).
Sociodemographic, Criminological and Clinical Determinants in Suicide After Release From Prison: A 23‐Year National Cohort Study.
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica.
ISSN 0001-690X.
doi:
10.1111/acps.70148.
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ABSTRACT Background Suicide risk is elevated after prison release, but population‐level evidence on temporal risk patterns and associated factors remains limited. We aimed to describe characteristics of individuals who die by suicide after release from Norwegian prisons, compare their suicide mortality with the general population, and examine risk factors over time. Material and Methods Data from the Norwegian Prison Release Study (nPRIS), including all people in prison in Norway (2000–2022), were linked to the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry, the Norwegian Prison Registry, the Norwegian Patient Registry, and Statistics Norway. We calculated crude mortality rates (CMR) per 100,000 person‐years, standardized mortality ratios (SMR), annual age‐standardized years of life lost rate (ASYR), and Cox proportional hazards models. Results From 2000 to 2022, 1183 suicides (9.1% of all deaths; CMR 81; 95% CI 76–85) occurred after release (90% male). The SMR was higher in women (SMR 8.64; 95% CI 7.17–10.34) than men (SMR 3.98; 95% CI 3.76–4.22). In multivariable models (2009–2022; n = 57,034; 516 suicides), strong independent associations with suicide 6 months post‐release included self‐harm (adjusted HR [aHR] 4.76; 95% CI 2.60–8.72), severe mental illness (aHR 1.95; 95% CI 1.16–3.27), release from high‐security prisons (aHR 1.93; 95% CI 1.12–3.33), and pretrial detention (aHR 1.82; 95% CI 1.06–3.13). Conclusions Suicide risk is substantially and persistently elevated relative to the general population, peaks immediately after release, and is concentrated among people with prior self‐harm, severe mental illness, and those released from high‐security settings.
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Hesjevoll, Ingeborg Storesund; Røise, Olav & Bjørnskau, Torkel
(2026).
When Police and Clinical Severity Diverge: Injury patterns and implications for Norway’s Transition to AIS-Based Serious-Injury Monitoring.
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Andersen, Ina Lervåg; Ness-Jensen, Eivind & Lundin, Knut
(2026).
Prevalence and screening of coeliac disease. A prospective population-based cohort study: The HUNT study.
NTNU Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet.
ISSN 9788235304445.
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Forekomst og screening av cøliaki
Cøliaki er en kronisk immunmediert sykdom med dannelse av antistoffer mot enzymet transglutaminase. Når gluten fra matvarer inntas, kan dette gi en kronisk betennelse i slimhinnen i tolvfingertarmen. Tilstanden kan gi symptomer fra mage-tarm kanalen slik som oppblåsthet og løs avføring, men kan også gi symptomer fra andre organsystemer. Betennelsen kan medføre dårlig opptak av næringsstoffer fra tarmen, noe som kan føre til mangel på blant annet jern og vitaminer. Ubehandlet kan cøliaki hos enkelte individer gi økt risiko for en rekke tilstander, blant annet kreft.
Cøliaki har høy forekomst i hele verden, men spesielt i Nord-Europa, og det er en høy andel av udiagnostiserte pasienter. Forekomsten ser ut til å være økende.
Diagnosen cøliaki hos voksne stilles baserte på nivået av antistoffer mot transglutaminase i blodprøver og funn på vevsprøver tatt ved gastroskopi fra tolvfingertarmen. Hos barn kan diagnosen stilles uten gastroskopi dersom antistoffnivået er høyt nok i to prøver (over 10 ganger øvre normalområde). De nye europeiske retningslinjene for cøliaki for voksne åpner nå opp for at man kan stille diagnosen uten vevsprøver også hos voksne under 45 år, gitt visse kriterier.
I denne studien ønsket vi å finne den den totale forekomsten av cøliaki i en generell norsk befolkning, både de med kjent cøliaki og de udiagnostiserte. Videre ønsket vi å undersøke hvor gode antistoffene mot transglutaminase er til å diagnostisere cøliaki gjennom blodprøvescreening av den generelle befolkningen. Til slutt ønsket vi å undersøke hvilke tilleggsfunn som ble gjort ved den diagnostiske gastroskopien, for å avklare tilleggsnytten av å påvise andre klinisk relevante funn.
I den fjerde Helseundersøkelsen i Nord-Trøndelag (HUNT4) ble 54505 voksne over 20 år screenet for cøliaki med blodprøve og en kombinert antistofftest mot transglutaminase IgA og IgG. Alle deltagerne med positiv blodprøve ble invitert til videre undersøkelser med blant annet nye blodprøver og gastroskopi med biopsier i tolvfingertarmen for å bekrefte diagnosen og registrere tilleggsfunn ved gastroskopi. Den totale forekomsten av cøliaki i befolkningen ble undersøkt ved å registrere deltagerne hvor det ble påvist cøliaki gjennom HUNT4, samt gjennom å finne de deltagerne med allerede kjent cøliaki med hjelp av registersøk.
Av alle 54505 HUNT4-deltagerne med tilgjengelig blodprøve hadde 2% (1107/54505) positive antistoff mot transglutaminase. Blant disse fikk 470 deltagere bekreftet diagnosen i vevsprøvene. I tillegg hadde 383 deltakere en kjent cøliaki-diagnose. Den totale forekomsten av cøliaki bekreftet med vevsprøver var 1,5 % (853/56042) og forholdet mellom nye, tidligere udiagnostiserte cøliakere (etter HUNT4) mot kjente, tidligere diagnostiserte cøliakere var 1,2:1 (470/383).
Positiv prediktiv verdi er sannsynligheten for at en person med positivt testresultat har sykdommen som det ble testet for [1]. Positiv prediktiv verdi for cøliaki bekreftet med vevsprøver ved positiv transglutaminase IgA var 73,3 %. Positiv prediktiv verdi ved 10 ganger øvre normalområde (som ved diagnostisering av barn) var 88,1 %. Positiv prediktiv verdi ved positiv transglutaminase IgG var derimot kun 5,8 %, og ved 10 ganger øvre normal 9,5 % for cøliaki bekreftet med vevsprøver.
Rundt 30 % av deltagerne hadde minst ett endoskopisk tilleggsfunn. Kun to deltagere hadde forstadier til kreftsykdom (Barretts øsofagus, magesår eller adenomer), men dette ble bare funnet hos deltagere over 60 år. Risikoen for tilleggsfunn økte med økende alder, var høyere blant menn og hos deltagere som brukte betennelsesdempende eller syrehemmende medikamenter.
Studien bekrefter at cøliaki har høy forekomst og at mange har diagnosen uten å vite det. Antistoff mot transglutaminase IgA hadde høy positiv prediktiv verdi og fungerte godt som et screeningverktøy for cøliaki i en generell befolkning. Risikoen for å overse kliniske relevante endoskopiske tilleggsfunn er lav hos voksne under 60 år. Disse funnene støtter en diagnostisk tilnærming for cøliaki uten gastroskopi hos yngre voksne.
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